Chemical Surface Modification Of Graphene Nanoplatelets By Carboxylation Process For Enhanced Sorption Capacities

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the surface modification of carbon through chemical or physical attachment via carboxylation process for environmental remediation applications such as dye removal from wastewater. Chemical functionalization of graphene is required in many environmental a...

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Main Author:	Achutan, Rabita Mohd Firdaus
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	T Technology TP155-156 Chemical engineering
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/46843/1/Chemical%20Surface%20Modification%20Of%20Graphene%20Nanoplatelets%20By%20Carboxylation%20Process%20For%20Enhanced%20Sorption%20Capacities.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.468432021-11-17T03:42:11Z Chemical Surface Modification Of Graphene Nanoplatelets By Carboxylation Process For Enhanced Sorption Capacities 2019-07-01 Achutan, Rabita Mohd Firdaus T Technology TP155-156 Chemical engineering The aim of this thesis is to investigate the surface modification of carbon through chemical or physical attachment via carboxylation process for environmental remediation applications such as dye removal from wastewater. Chemical functionalization of graphene is required in many environmental applications and proper functionalization is an efficient approach to improve the adsorption capacity of graphene. Functionalized graphene nanoplatelet (fGNP) is a promising material for dye removal as this all-carbon nanomaterial possesses high specific surface area and has the ability to create a strong electrostatic interaction with a variety of oxygen-containing functional groups and π-electron systems. The effect of fGNP has not been widely explored, and many research groups worldwide have been focusing only on CNT, graphene, GO and rGO surfaces. In this thesis, a facile approach for the surface modification and fGNP were investigated. The approach involves fGNP with different type of acid and volumetric ratio acid to prove the best condition for greater dispersibility. Two type of acid used in this approach which are sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Their facile chemically modification by acid oxidation induces both facile dispersion in water and high adsorption capacity of methylene blue., structural and chemical properties of the fGNP are deeply investigated by a set of complementary characterization techniques such as Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) , Raman Spectroscopy and Zeta potential measurement. The BET surface areas raw GNP and functionalize GNP were in the range of 115-150 m2/g. Effects of temperature (30-60 °C), contact time (5 to 55 min), and initial dye concentration (25-200 mg/L) on adsorption performance of adsorbents were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of fGNPs increased from 112 mg/g to 151 mg/g at pH 4 and 60 °C. This can be directly linked to the increased of functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl on the surface of modified adsorbents resulting in higher adsorption performance of fGNP. The equilibrium data gained were evaluated using isotherms, kinetic adsorption models and thermodynamic studies. For fGNP1 adsorbents, the isotherm data were significantly described by Langmuir model. The kinetic study revealed that the pseudo-first-order rate model was in better agreement with the experimental data. The values of the thermodynamic parameters, including ΔG0 (9.39,9.21 and 9.45 for temperature 30°C., 45°C, and 60 °C respectively), ΔH0 (8.85 kJ/mol) and ΔS0 (−1.57 kJ/mol). From the results, fGNP showed that MB adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. 2019-07 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/46843/ http://eprints.usm.my/46843/1/Chemical%20Surface%20Modification%20Of%20Graphene%20Nanoplatelets%20By%20Carboxylation%20Process%20For%20Enhanced%20Sorption%20Capacities.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	T Technology TP155-156 Chemical engineering
spellingShingle	T Technology TP155-156 Chemical engineering Achutan, Rabita Mohd Firdaus Chemical Surface Modification Of Graphene Nanoplatelets By Carboxylation Process For Enhanced Sorption Capacities
description	The aim of this thesis is to investigate the surface modification of carbon through chemical or physical attachment via carboxylation process for environmental remediation applications such as dye removal from wastewater. Chemical functionalization of graphene is required in many environmental applications and proper functionalization is an efficient approach to improve the adsorption capacity of graphene. Functionalized graphene nanoplatelet (fGNP) is a promising material for dye removal as this all-carbon nanomaterial possesses high specific surface area and has the ability to create a strong electrostatic interaction with a variety of oxygen-containing functional groups and π-electron systems. The effect of fGNP has not been widely explored, and many research groups worldwide have been focusing only on CNT, graphene, GO and rGO surfaces. In this thesis, a facile approach for the surface modification and fGNP were investigated. The approach involves fGNP with different type of acid and volumetric ratio acid to prove the best condition for greater dispersibility. Two type of acid used in this approach which are sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Their facile chemically modification by acid oxidation induces both facile dispersion in water and high adsorption capacity of methylene blue., structural and chemical properties of the fGNP are deeply investigated by a set of complementary characterization techniques such as Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) , Raman Spectroscopy and Zeta potential measurement. The BET surface areas raw GNP and functionalize GNP were in the range of 115-150 m2/g. Effects of temperature (30-60 °C), contact time (5 to 55 min), and initial dye concentration (25-200 mg/L) on adsorption performance of adsorbents were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of fGNPs increased from 112 mg/g to 151 mg/g at pH 4 and 60 °C. This can be directly linked to the increased of functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl on the surface of modified adsorbents resulting in higher adsorption performance of fGNP. The equilibrium data gained were evaluated using isotherms, kinetic adsorption models and thermodynamic studies. For fGNP1 adsorbents, the isotherm data were significantly described by Langmuir model. The kinetic study revealed that the pseudo-first-order rate model was in better agreement with the experimental data. The values of the thermodynamic parameters, including ΔG0 (9.39,9.21 and 9.45 for temperature 30°C., 45°C, and 60 °C respectively), ΔH0 (8.85 kJ/mol) and ΔS0 (−1.57 kJ/mol). From the results, fGNP showed that MB adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Achutan, Rabita Mohd Firdaus
author_facet	Achutan, Rabita Mohd Firdaus
author_sort	Achutan, Rabita Mohd Firdaus
title	Chemical Surface Modification Of Graphene Nanoplatelets By Carboxylation Process For Enhanced Sorption Capacities
title_short	Chemical Surface Modification Of Graphene Nanoplatelets By Carboxylation Process For Enhanced Sorption Capacities
title_full	Chemical Surface Modification Of Graphene Nanoplatelets By Carboxylation Process For Enhanced Sorption Capacities
title_fullStr	Chemical Surface Modification Of Graphene Nanoplatelets By Carboxylation Process For Enhanced Sorption Capacities
title_full_unstemmed	Chemical Surface Modification Of Graphene Nanoplatelets By Carboxylation Process For Enhanced Sorption Capacities
title_sort	chemical surface modification of graphene nanoplatelets by carboxylation process for enhanced sorption capacities
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.usm.my/46843/1/Chemical%20Surface%20Modification%20Of%20Graphene%20Nanoplatelets%20By%20Carboxylation%20Process%20For%20Enhanced%20Sorption%20Capacities.pdf
_version_	1747821735615397888

Chemical Surface Modification Of Graphene Nanoplatelets By Carboxylation Process For Enhanced Sorption Capacities

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