Preparation And Properties Of Sepiolite-Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composites

The role of clays as fillers in rubber composites is unquestionably important due to their abundance, low cost, light colour, and ability to enhance the strength and stiffness of rubber. However, differences between the compatibility of the hydrophilic clay and the hydrophobic rubber, which would re...

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Main Author:	Mohd Zaini, Nurul Aizan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	T Technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/47552/1/Preparation%20And%20Properties%20Of%20Sepiolite-Filled%20Ethylene%20Propylene%20Diene%20Terpolymer%20Composites.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.475522021-11-17T03:42:09Z Preparation And Properties Of Sepiolite-Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composites 2020-07-01 Mohd Zaini, Nurul Aizan T Technology TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials The role of clays as fillers in rubber composites is unquestionably important due to their abundance, low cost, light colour, and ability to enhance the strength and stiffness of rubber. However, differences between the compatibility of the hydrophilic clay and the hydrophobic rubber, which would result in a poor dispersion, remains as a challenging problem in industrial applications. This study was conducted to determine the potential of incorporating sepiolite (Sep) as a filler in ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM). EPDM/Sep composites were prepared with Sep loadings of 0–70 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) using a two-roll mill. The results indicated improvements in the tensile and dynamic mechanical properties, swelling resistance and crosslink density, thermal stability, and flammability resistance of the sepiolite-filled composite compared with the unfilled composite. The homogenous dispersion of sepiolite particles in the EPDM matrix and the formation of zigzag structures, especially at 60 phr, were the main reasons for the improved mechanical properties of the composite, which were confirmed by the morphological studies. The formation of a protective layer, which acted as a barrier against heat transfer into the deeper layers, had enhanced the flammability resistance of the composites. In the study of sepiolite hybridised with carbon black (CB), silica, or calcium carbonate (CaCO3), five different compositions were prepared, with EPDM/Sep at 30 phr as a control composite. EPDM/Sep/CB displayed the highest tensile strength, thermal stability, and improved flammability resistance. These results were influenced by the ability of CB to disperse well and form protective layers that could act as a mass transport barrier in the matrix. Significant findings in this work indicated that silica and CB were able to be hybridised with sepiolite, while sepiolite could be a potential substitute for CaCO3 in the EPDM composites. Meanwhile, the utilisation of glut palmitate (GP) salt and (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) as coupling agents in the EPDM/Sep composites have successfully enhanced the tensile strength and elongation at break, the rubber-filler interaction, and dynamic mechanical properties. The enhanced rubber-filler interaction indicated that the presence of GP and APTMS have improved the compatibility and interaction between Sep and EPDM matrix, as supported by the FTIR results. Studies on different vulcanisation systems revealed that the highest tensile and dynamic mechanical properties were exhibited by the sulphur system, followed by the mixed curative and peroxide system, whereas the highest thermal stability and flammability resistance were demonstrated by the peroxide system. 2020-07 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/47552/ http://eprints.usm.my/47552/1/Preparation%20And%20Properties%20Of%20Sepiolite-Filled%20Ethylene%20Propylene%20Diene%20Terpolymer%20Composites.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	T Technology T Technology
spellingShingle	T Technology T Technology Mohd Zaini, Nurul Aizan Preparation And Properties Of Sepiolite-Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composites
description	The role of clays as fillers in rubber composites is unquestionably important due to their abundance, low cost, light colour, and ability to enhance the strength and stiffness of rubber. However, differences between the compatibility of the hydrophilic clay and the hydrophobic rubber, which would result in a poor dispersion, remains as a challenging problem in industrial applications. This study was conducted to determine the potential of incorporating sepiolite (Sep) as a filler in ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM). EPDM/Sep composites were prepared with Sep loadings of 0–70 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) using a two-roll mill. The results indicated improvements in the tensile and dynamic mechanical properties, swelling resistance and crosslink density, thermal stability, and flammability resistance of the sepiolite-filled composite compared with the unfilled composite. The homogenous dispersion of sepiolite particles in the EPDM matrix and the formation of zigzag structures, especially at 60 phr, were the main reasons for the improved mechanical properties of the composite, which were confirmed by the morphological studies. The formation of a protective layer, which acted as a barrier against heat transfer into the deeper layers, had enhanced the flammability resistance of the composites. In the study of sepiolite hybridised with carbon black (CB), silica, or calcium carbonate (CaCO3), five different compositions were prepared, with EPDM/Sep at 30 phr as a control composite. EPDM/Sep/CB displayed the highest tensile strength, thermal stability, and improved flammability resistance. These results were influenced by the ability of CB to disperse well and form protective layers that could act as a mass transport barrier in the matrix. Significant findings in this work indicated that silica and CB were able to be hybridised with sepiolite, while sepiolite could be a potential substitute for CaCO3 in the EPDM composites. Meanwhile, the utilisation of glut palmitate (GP) salt and (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) as coupling agents in the EPDM/Sep composites have successfully enhanced the tensile strength and elongation at break, the rubber-filler interaction, and dynamic mechanical properties. The enhanced rubber-filler interaction indicated that the presence of GP and APTMS have improved the compatibility and interaction between Sep and EPDM matrix, as supported by the FTIR results. Studies on different vulcanisation systems revealed that the highest tensile and dynamic mechanical properties were exhibited by the sulphur system, followed by the mixed curative and peroxide system, whereas the highest thermal stability and flammability resistance were demonstrated by the peroxide system.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Mohd Zaini, Nurul Aizan
author_facet	Mohd Zaini, Nurul Aizan
author_sort	Mohd Zaini, Nurul Aizan
title	Preparation And Properties Of Sepiolite-Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composites
title_short	Preparation And Properties Of Sepiolite-Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composites
title_full	Preparation And Properties Of Sepiolite-Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composites
title_fullStr	Preparation And Properties Of Sepiolite-Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composites
title_full_unstemmed	Preparation And Properties Of Sepiolite-Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composites
title_sort	preparation and properties of sepiolite-filled ethylene propylene diene terpolymer composites
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral
publishDate	2020
url	http://eprints.usm.my/47552/1/Preparation%20And%20Properties%20Of%20Sepiolite-Filled%20Ethylene%20Propylene%20Diene%20Terpolymer%20Composites.pdf
_version_	1747821801177612288

Preparation And Properties Of Sepiolite-Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composites

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