Thermal And Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Wastes Using Zeolite And Hydroxyapatite Based Catalysts

The concern associated with industrial wastes motivated the production quality bio-oils from pyrolysis of lignocellulosic oil palm wastes with viable mesoporous catalysts derived from waste steel-slag. This study investigated the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of LOPW over zeolite and zeolite-hy...

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Main Author:	Garba, Kabir
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	T Technology TP155-156 Chemical engineering
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/47839/1/Thermal%20And%20Catalytic%20Slow%20Pyrolysis%20Of%20Lignocellulosic%20Oil%20Palm%20Wastes%20Using%20Zeolite%20And%20Hydroxyapatite%20Based%20Catalysts.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.478392021-11-17T03:42:13Z Thermal And Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Wastes Using Zeolite And Hydroxyapatite Based Catalysts 2018-07-01 Garba, Kabir T Technology TP155-156 Chemical engineering The concern associated with industrial wastes motivated the production quality bio-oils from pyrolysis of lignocellulosic oil palm wastes with viable mesoporous catalysts derived from waste steel-slag. This study investigated the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of LOPW over zeolite and zeolite-hydroxyapatite based catalysts to produce quality bio-oils in a slow-heating fixed-bed reactor. Also, the kinetics of the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of the LOPW was investigated by using the Coats- Redfern methods. The reactor was maintained at 450-600 oC pyrolysis temperatures, 200 mL/min N2 flowrate, 10 oC/min heating rate and 0.5-2.5 g catalyst load was used for the catalytic pyrolysis. The pyrolysis was performed over zeolite and zeolitehydroxyapatite, as catalysts prepared from electric arc furnace slag. The BET textural characteristics suggested that the catalysts are hierarchical and highly mesoporous with average pore diameter ranging from 23-25 nm. The zeolite catalyst has crystallite structure consistent with that of Faujasite-Ca zeolite, based on authentication by XRD analysis. Whereas, Faujasite-Ca zeolite and hydroxyapatite crystallite formed the composite structure of hydroxyapatite-zeolite-based catalysts. The thermal pyrolysis produced crude bio-oils (CBO) at maximum yield of 40-47 wt% under 500-550 oC pyrolysis temperatures, whereas, the catalytic pyrolysis over 0.5 g catalyst is 40-47 wt%. The CBO have high heating values from 21-24.68 MJ/kg higher than that of the corresponding LOPW and comprised of conglomerate of bulky and reactive oxygenated compounds. But, the catalysts facilitated secondary reactions, which produced bio-oils pervaded with small and stable oxygenated compounds of specific families. The phenolics, acids, benzene derivative, esters among others constitute the light and stable compounds in the bio-oils that the catalysts were selective to. The decomposition profiles and kinetics of the pyrolysis of LOPW were determined via thermogravimetry. The thermographs from the thermogravimetric analysis inferred that pyrolysis reactions decomposed LOPW via stage-wise mode. The kinetics analysis based on the Coats-Redfern’s methods revealed that diffusion kinetics best described the second stage (active stage) of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis. While, the geometrical correlation kinetics best described the second and third stages, conversely kinetics govern by Avarami-Erofe'ev and Power law described the third stages of the LOPW pyrolysis. From the kinetics parameters, the catalytic pyrolysis exhibited the lowest activation energies compared to the corresponding thermal pyrolysis. Therefore, the pyrolysis of LOPW can be best described to follow complex multi-step mechanisms. The characteristic decomposition index (D) for the pyrolysis of LOPW and Fe/HAPAZ blend were higher than those for the LOPW thermal pyrolysis. The index D revealed that the Fe/HAPAZ profoundly influences the LOPW thermal pyrolysis. 2018-07 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/47839/ http://eprints.usm.my/47839/1/Thermal%20And%20Catalytic%20Slow%20Pyrolysis%20Of%20Lignocellulosic%20Oil%20Palm%20Wastes%20Using%20Zeolite%20And%20Hydroxyapatite%20Based%20Catalysts.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	T Technology TP155-156 Chemical engineering
spellingShingle	T Technology TP155-156 Chemical engineering Garba, Kabir Thermal And Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Wastes Using Zeolite And Hydroxyapatite Based Catalysts
description	The concern associated with industrial wastes motivated the production quality bio-oils from pyrolysis of lignocellulosic oil palm wastes with viable mesoporous catalysts derived from waste steel-slag. This study investigated the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of LOPW over zeolite and zeolite-hydroxyapatite based catalysts to produce quality bio-oils in a slow-heating fixed-bed reactor. Also, the kinetics of the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of the LOPW was investigated by using the Coats- Redfern methods. The reactor was maintained at 450-600 oC pyrolysis temperatures, 200 mL/min N2 flowrate, 10 oC/min heating rate and 0.5-2.5 g catalyst load was used for the catalytic pyrolysis. The pyrolysis was performed over zeolite and zeolitehydroxyapatite, as catalysts prepared from electric arc furnace slag. The BET textural characteristics suggested that the catalysts are hierarchical and highly mesoporous with average pore diameter ranging from 23-25 nm. The zeolite catalyst has crystallite structure consistent with that of Faujasite-Ca zeolite, based on authentication by XRD analysis. Whereas, Faujasite-Ca zeolite and hydroxyapatite crystallite formed the composite structure of hydroxyapatite-zeolite-based catalysts. The thermal pyrolysis produced crude bio-oils (CBO) at maximum yield of 40-47 wt% under 500-550 oC pyrolysis temperatures, whereas, the catalytic pyrolysis over 0.5 g catalyst is 40-47 wt%. The CBO have high heating values from 21-24.68 MJ/kg higher than that of the corresponding LOPW and comprised of conglomerate of bulky and reactive oxygenated compounds. But, the catalysts facilitated secondary reactions, which produced bio-oils pervaded with small and stable oxygenated compounds of specific families. The phenolics, acids, benzene derivative, esters among others constitute the light and stable compounds in the bio-oils that the catalysts were selective to. The decomposition profiles and kinetics of the pyrolysis of LOPW were determined via thermogravimetry. The thermographs from the thermogravimetric analysis inferred that pyrolysis reactions decomposed LOPW via stage-wise mode. The kinetics analysis based on the Coats-Redfern’s methods revealed that diffusion kinetics best described the second stage (active stage) of thermal and catalytic pyrolysis. While, the geometrical correlation kinetics best described the second and third stages, conversely kinetics govern by Avarami-Erofe'ev and Power law described the third stages of the LOPW pyrolysis. From the kinetics parameters, the catalytic pyrolysis exhibited the lowest activation energies compared to the corresponding thermal pyrolysis. Therefore, the pyrolysis of LOPW can be best described to follow complex multi-step mechanisms. The characteristic decomposition index (D) for the pyrolysis of LOPW and Fe/HAPAZ blend were higher than those for the LOPW thermal pyrolysis. The index D revealed that the Fe/HAPAZ profoundly influences the LOPW thermal pyrolysis.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Garba, Kabir
author_facet	Garba, Kabir
author_sort	Garba, Kabir
title	Thermal And Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Wastes Using Zeolite And Hydroxyapatite Based Catalysts
title_short	Thermal And Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Wastes Using Zeolite And Hydroxyapatite Based Catalysts
title_full	Thermal And Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Wastes Using Zeolite And Hydroxyapatite Based Catalysts
title_fullStr	Thermal And Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Wastes Using Zeolite And Hydroxyapatite Based Catalysts
title_full_unstemmed	Thermal And Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Wastes Using Zeolite And Hydroxyapatite Based Catalysts
title_sort	thermal and catalytic slow pyrolysis of lignocellulosic oil palm wastes using zeolite and hydroxyapatite based catalysts
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.usm.my/47839/1/Thermal%20And%20Catalytic%20Slow%20Pyrolysis%20Of%20Lignocellulosic%20Oil%20Palm%20Wastes%20Using%20Zeolite%20And%20Hydroxyapatite%20Based%20Catalysts.pdf
_version_	1747821838029815808

Thermal And Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Wastes Using Zeolite And Hydroxyapatite Based Catalysts

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