Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash

The sago pith waste (SPW) is a fibrous starch generated from pith of Metroxylon Sagu (Sago Palm), known as an agricultural waste, dumped into nearby rivers without proper treatment, leading to river pollution. Several studies have been conducted to maximize the potential use of SPW and minimize t...

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Main Author:	Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	T Technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/47842/1/Synthesis%20And%20Evaluation%20Of%20Geopolymer%20Properties%20Using%20Sago%20Pith%20Waste%20Ash.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.478422021-11-17T03:42:13Z Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash 2018-09-01 Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed T Technology TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials The sago pith waste (SPW) is a fibrous starch generated from pith of Metroxylon Sagu (Sago Palm), known as an agricultural waste, dumped into nearby rivers without proper treatment, leading to river pollution. Several studies have been conducted to maximize the potential use of SPW and minimize the amount of waste generated by the sago industries. Yet, there is still lack of investigation on the utilization of SPW ashes (SPWA) compared to other agricultural waste materials. Thus, the study of SPWA as an alternative raw material, especially in geopolymer products fabrications requires further investigations. In this work, the optimum SPWA obtained from calcination temperatures (500 C to 1000 C) was used as a partial replacement material (0 to 40 wt. %) in main source material fly ash (FA). These materials are prepared with a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as an activator in geopolymer product fabrication. The X-ray florescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), mechanical compression testing, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used as a tools to investigate the viability of SPWA underlying the mechanisms of geopolymerisation. This study revealed that the SPWA mainly composed of CaO and SiO2 with the presence of other oxides such as MgO, Fe2O3, and Al2O3. CaO and SiO2 oxides in SPWA are very significant oxides which are beneficially can be used as an alternative binder for the synthesis of geopolymer products. The compressive strength of geopolymer (GSPWA) mortar at 10% of FA replacement has shown 7% increase compared to normal mortar which utilising on FA as a binder. The highest strength at 28 days is recorded by heat-cured at 65 C (57 kN/m2) followed with oven-cured at 70 C (47 kN/m2) and ambient temperature at 28 C (45 kN/m2). Furthermore, by simple calculations it is shown that the amount of SPWA generated via calcination process is around 0.05 tonne for each tonne of SPW material used. Therefore, the significant of utilizing SPWA as a new alternative raw material especially as a geopolymer product fabrications are two-fold; the waste generated from SPW industry can be manage wisely, whilst the water pollution created by SPW industry can also be minimized. 2018-09 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/47842/ http://eprints.usm.my/47842/1/Synthesis%20And%20Evaluation%20Of%20Geopolymer%20Properties%20Using%20Sago%20Pith%20Waste%20Ash.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	T Technology T Technology
spellingShingle	T Technology T Technology Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash
description	The sago pith waste (SPW) is a fibrous starch generated from pith of Metroxylon Sagu (Sago Palm), known as an agricultural waste, dumped into nearby rivers without proper treatment, leading to river pollution. Several studies have been conducted to maximize the potential use of SPW and minimize the amount of waste generated by the sago industries. Yet, there is still lack of investigation on the utilization of SPW ashes (SPWA) compared to other agricultural waste materials. Thus, the study of SPWA as an alternative raw material, especially in geopolymer products fabrications requires further investigations. In this work, the optimum SPWA obtained from calcination temperatures (500 C to 1000 C) was used as a partial replacement material (0 to 40 wt. %) in main source material fly ash (FA). These materials are prepared with a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as an activator in geopolymer product fabrication. The X-ray florescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), mechanical compression testing, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used as a tools to investigate the viability of SPWA underlying the mechanisms of geopolymerisation. This study revealed that the SPWA mainly composed of CaO and SiO2 with the presence of other oxides such as MgO, Fe2O3, and Al2O3. CaO and SiO2 oxides in SPWA are very significant oxides which are beneficially can be used as an alternative binder for the synthesis of geopolymer products. The compressive strength of geopolymer (GSPWA) mortar at 10% of FA replacement has shown 7% increase compared to normal mortar which utilising on FA as a binder. The highest strength at 28 days is recorded by heat-cured at 65 C (57 kN/m2) followed with oven-cured at 70 C (47 kN/m2) and ambient temperature at 28 C (45 kN/m2). Furthermore, by simple calculations it is shown that the amount of SPWA generated via calcination process is around 0.05 tonne for each tonne of SPW material used. Therefore, the significant of utilizing SPWA as a new alternative raw material especially as a geopolymer product fabrications are two-fold; the waste generated from SPW industry can be manage wisely, whilst the water pollution created by SPW industry can also be minimized.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed
author_facet	Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed
author_sort	Rashid, Mohamad Rohaidzat Mohamed
title	Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash
title_short	Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash
title_full	Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash
title_fullStr	Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash
title_sort	synthesis and evaluation of geopolymer properties using sago pith waste ash
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.usm.my/47842/1/Synthesis%20And%20Evaluation%20Of%20Geopolymer%20Properties%20Using%20Sago%20Pith%20Waste%20Ash.pdf
_version_	1747821838764867584

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Geopolymer Properties Using Sago Pith Waste Ash

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