Unbleached Ethanolamine Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Pulp As Partial Substitution For Production Of Autoclave Fibre Cement Composite

The major raw materials for AFCC are cellulose pulp, Ordinary Portland cement and grinded silica; mixed into slurry of 10% solid content and mostly produced using a Hatschek machine. The increasing price of Radiata Pine pulp (up to USD700/ton in year 2015) has force the fibre cement manufacturer...

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Main Author:	Yam, Kok Peng
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	T11.95-12.5 Industrial directories
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/48369/1/Unbleached%20Ethanolamine%20EFB%20Pulp%20as%20Partial%20Substitution%20for%20Production%20of%20Autoclave%20Fibre%20Cement%20Composite%20%288%20Aug%2019%29%20Ya~1%20cut.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.483692021-02-21T08:03:33Z Unbleached Ethanolamine Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Pulp As Partial Substitution For Production Of Autoclave Fibre Cement Composite 2019-08 Yam, Kok Peng T11.95-12.5 Industrial directories The major raw materials for AFCC are cellulose pulp, Ordinary Portland cement and grinded silica; mixed into slurry of 10% solid content and mostly produced using a Hatschek machine. The increasing price of Radiata Pine pulp (up to USD700/ton in year 2015) has force the fibre cement manufacturer to look for alternative pulp source. EFB fibre is readily available in Malaysia and cheaper. The unbleached Ethanolamine pulping process was selected in the study for EFB fibre due to higher ability to retain silica content on EFB pulp surface. Radiata Pine Pulp had superior quality in terms of fibre length, coarseness, fineness, fibre width, wet and dry zero span. However, in terms of fibre count and macro fibrillation index, EFB fibre showed better results. From x-ray diffraction study, silica element was detected on EFB pulp. Recipes with 0 – 13% Radiata Pine pulp content and Cement to silica (C/S) ratio at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 were analyzed. The highest modulus of rupture (MOR) was achieved at 15.5MPa using 9% pulp and 1.0 of C/S ratio. In addition, with the increment of pulp content, impact toughness and deflection of the composites were improved. Subsequent press sheet recipes with interval of 1% EFB pulp content to replace the Radiata Pine pulp at 9% with C/S ratio at 1.0. The results showed that the highest MOR values for both dry (16.7MPa) and wet (9.9MPa) condition were obtained for blended fibre between 6 % Radiata Pine pulp with 3 % EFB pulp. The XRD results showed that silica detected on EFB pulp and formed a flake layer of crystal on EFB pulp surface after autoclaving process. Thus, EFB pulp is suitable as partial substitution for AFCC. 2019-08 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/48369/ http://eprints.usm.my/48369/1/Unbleached%20Ethanolamine%20EFB%20Pulp%20as%20Partial%20Substitution%20for%20Production%20of%20Autoclave%20Fibre%20Cement%20Composite%20%288%20Aug%2019%29%20Ya~1%20cut.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	T11.95-12.5 Industrial directories
spellingShingle	T11.95-12.5 Industrial directories Yam, Kok Peng Unbleached Ethanolamine Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Pulp As Partial Substitution For Production Of Autoclave Fibre Cement Composite
description	The major raw materials for AFCC are cellulose pulp, Ordinary Portland cement and grinded silica; mixed into slurry of 10% solid content and mostly produced using a Hatschek machine. The increasing price of Radiata Pine pulp (up to USD700/ton in year 2015) has force the fibre cement manufacturer to look for alternative pulp source. EFB fibre is readily available in Malaysia and cheaper. The unbleached Ethanolamine pulping process was selected in the study for EFB fibre due to higher ability to retain silica content on EFB pulp surface. Radiata Pine Pulp had superior quality in terms of fibre length, coarseness, fineness, fibre width, wet and dry zero span. However, in terms of fibre count and macro fibrillation index, EFB fibre showed better results. From x-ray diffraction study, silica element was detected on EFB pulp. Recipes with 0 – 13% Radiata Pine pulp content and Cement to silica (C/S) ratio at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 were analyzed. The highest modulus of rupture (MOR) was achieved at 15.5MPa using 9% pulp and 1.0 of C/S ratio. In addition, with the increment of pulp content, impact toughness and deflection of the composites were improved. Subsequent press sheet recipes with interval of 1% EFB pulp content to replace the Radiata Pine pulp at 9% with C/S ratio at 1.0. The results showed that the highest MOR values for both dry (16.7MPa) and wet (9.9MPa) condition were obtained for blended fibre between 6 % Radiata Pine pulp with 3 % EFB pulp. The XRD results showed that silica detected on EFB pulp and formed a flake layer of crystal on EFB pulp surface after autoclaving process. Thus, EFB pulp is suitable as partial substitution for AFCC.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Yam, Kok Peng
author_facet	Yam, Kok Peng
author_sort	Yam, Kok Peng
title	Unbleached Ethanolamine Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Pulp As Partial Substitution For Production Of Autoclave Fibre Cement Composite
title_short	Unbleached Ethanolamine Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Pulp As Partial Substitution For Production Of Autoclave Fibre Cement Composite
title_full	Unbleached Ethanolamine Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Pulp As Partial Substitution For Production Of Autoclave Fibre Cement Composite
title_fullStr	Unbleached Ethanolamine Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Pulp As Partial Substitution For Production Of Autoclave Fibre Cement Composite
title_full_unstemmed	Unbleached Ethanolamine Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Pulp As Partial Substitution For Production Of Autoclave Fibre Cement Composite
title_sort	unbleached ethanolamine empty fruit bunch (efb) pulp as partial substitution for production of autoclave fibre cement composite
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.usm.my/48369/1/Unbleached%20Ethanolamine%20EFB%20Pulp%20as%20Partial%20Substitution%20for%20Production%20of%20Autoclave%20Fibre%20Cement%20Composite%20%288%20Aug%2019%29%20Ya~1%20cut.pdf
_version_	1747821925253513216

Unbleached Ethanolamine Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Pulp As Partial Substitution For Production Of Autoclave Fibre Cement Composite

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