Pulmonary tuberculosis and tobacco smoking : factors associated with its mortality in Terengganu from 2012 until 2016

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem. The incidence of TB cases is reducing at a slower rate than expected as well as the TB death rate worldwide. However, the incidence of TB cases in Terengganu had increased from the year of 2009 until 2012 and had been fluctuating unt...

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Main Author:	Khalid, Tengku Noor Farhana Tengku
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	R Medicine
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/48741/1/Dr.%20Tengku%20Noor%20Farhana%20Tengku%20Khalid-24%20pages.pdf
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id	my-usm-ep.48741
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-usm-ep.487412021-03-31T08:46:36Z Pulmonary tuberculosis and tobacco smoking : factors associated with its mortality in Terengganu from 2012 until 2016 2018-04 Khalid, Tengku Noor Farhana Tengku R Medicine Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem. The incidence of TB cases is reducing at a slower rate than expected as well as the TB death rate worldwide. However, the incidence of TB cases in Terengganu had increased from the year of 2009 until 2012 and had been fluctuating until 2016. The number of tobacco smoker in Malaysia had reduced accordingly. Little studies have been done to analyse tobacco smoker with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients as the subjects to determine the factors for its mortality. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of mortality and the associated factor with mortality among PTB patients who smoke tobacco in Terengganu from 2012 until 2016. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted in April 2018 using a secondary data from MyTB System and from TBIS10A1 forms. The proportion of mortality among PTB and tobacco smoker were calculated based on the data extracted from MyTB System with no sampling method applied. Simple random sampling using a computer software was applied to select 185 cases and 740 controls. A case is the PTB patient who smokes tobacco smoking who had died during the TB treatment. A control is the PTB patient who smokes tobacco and was cured or completed TB treatment. Descriptive analysis, simple and multiple logistic regression were used for analysis using SPSS version 24. Result: The proportion of mortality among PTB and tobacco smoking patients were between 14.8% and 23.4%. From the 925 selected respondents, the mean age for the case was 48.6 years (14.87) and the mean age for control was 45.8 years (15.32). Majority of the respondents are male, Malays, from a rural area, have the educational status of Form 4 and above, had no fixed monthly income, non-diabetic, received BCG immunisation, detected passively, diagnosed as PTB smear positive and were new cases. Almost half of the cases were HIV positive and the majority of the controls were HIV negative. More than half of the cases had chest x-ray results of moderately advanced while more than half of the controls had chest x-rays results of minimal. Age (aOR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.05; p<0.001) and HIV positive (aOR=9.51; 95% CI: 6.08, 14.88; p<0.001) were the factors contributing to mortality among PTB and tobacco smoking patients. Meanwhile, diabetic patient (aOR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.94; p=0.028) and having monthly income of more than RM 930 (aOR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.73; p=0.003) had less risk for mortality. Conclusion: The proportion of mortality among PTB patients who smoke tobacco is reducing slowly from 2012 until 2016. Factors associated with mortality among PTB patients who smoke tobacco should be focus more in the national TB control programme in order to reduce the mortality risk. 2018-04 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/48741/ http://eprints.usm.my/48741/1/Dr.%20Tengku%20Noor%20Farhana%20Tengku%20Khalid-24%20pages.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	R Medicine
spellingShingle	R Medicine Khalid, Tengku Noor Farhana Tengku Pulmonary tuberculosis and tobacco smoking : factors associated with its mortality in Terengganu from 2012 until 2016
description	Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem. The incidence of TB cases is reducing at a slower rate than expected as well as the TB death rate worldwide. However, the incidence of TB cases in Terengganu had increased from the year of 2009 until 2012 and had been fluctuating until 2016. The number of tobacco smoker in Malaysia had reduced accordingly. Little studies have been done to analyse tobacco smoker with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients as the subjects to determine the factors for its mortality. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of mortality and the associated factor with mortality among PTB patients who smoke tobacco in Terengganu from 2012 until 2016. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted in April 2018 using a secondary data from MyTB System and from TBIS10A1 forms. The proportion of mortality among PTB and tobacco smoker were calculated based on the data extracted from MyTB System with no sampling method applied. Simple random sampling using a computer software was applied to select 185 cases and 740 controls. A case is the PTB patient who smokes tobacco smoking who had died during the TB treatment. A control is the PTB patient who smokes tobacco and was cured or completed TB treatment. Descriptive analysis, simple and multiple logistic regression were used for analysis using SPSS version 24. Result: The proportion of mortality among PTB and tobacco smoking patients were between 14.8% and 23.4%. From the 925 selected respondents, the mean age for the case was 48.6 years (14.87) and the mean age for control was 45.8 years (15.32). Majority of the respondents are male, Malays, from a rural area, have the educational status of Form 4 and above, had no fixed monthly income, non-diabetic, received BCG immunisation, detected passively, diagnosed as PTB smear positive and were new cases. Almost half of the cases were HIV positive and the majority of the controls were HIV negative. More than half of the cases had chest x-ray results of moderately advanced while more than half of the controls had chest x-rays results of minimal. Age (aOR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.05; p<0.001) and HIV positive (aOR=9.51; 95% CI: 6.08, 14.88; p<0.001) were the factors contributing to mortality among PTB and tobacco smoking patients. Meanwhile, diabetic patient (aOR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.94; p=0.028) and having monthly income of more than RM 930 (aOR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.73; p=0.003) had less risk for mortality. Conclusion: The proportion of mortality among PTB patients who smoke tobacco is reducing slowly from 2012 until 2016. Factors associated with mortality among PTB patients who smoke tobacco should be focus more in the national TB control programme in order to reduce the mortality risk.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Khalid, Tengku Noor Farhana Tengku
author_facet	Khalid, Tengku Noor Farhana Tengku
author_sort	Khalid, Tengku Noor Farhana Tengku
title	Pulmonary tuberculosis and tobacco smoking : factors associated with its mortality in Terengganu from 2012 until 2016
title_short	Pulmonary tuberculosis and tobacco smoking : factors associated with its mortality in Terengganu from 2012 until 2016
title_full	Pulmonary tuberculosis and tobacco smoking : factors associated with its mortality in Terengganu from 2012 until 2016
title_fullStr	Pulmonary tuberculosis and tobacco smoking : factors associated with its mortality in Terengganu from 2012 until 2016
title_full_unstemmed	Pulmonary tuberculosis and tobacco smoking : factors associated with its mortality in Terengganu from 2012 until 2016
title_sort	pulmonary tuberculosis and tobacco smoking : factors associated with its mortality in terengganu from 2012 until 2016
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.usm.my/48741/1/Dr.%20Tengku%20Noor%20Farhana%20Tengku%20Khalid-24%20pages.pdf
_version_	1747821964827820032

Pulmonary tuberculosis and tobacco smoking : factors associated with its mortality in Terengganu from 2012 until 2016

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