Characterization And Properties Of Carboxymethyl Celluloses – Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicelluloses Blend And Nanocomposite Films

In this study, hemicelluloses were successfully extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch. Hemicelluloses produced through alkali-ethanol extraction technique. The hemicelluloses then blended with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at various hemicelluloses loading (20, 40, 60, and 80 wt %) by using solu...

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Main Author:	Razak, Nadhilah Muhammad
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	T1-995 Technology(General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/49689/1/NADHILAH%20BINTI%20MUHAMMAD%20RAZAK_hj.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.496892021-08-23T08:42:13Z Characterization And Properties Of Carboxymethyl Celluloses – Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicelluloses Blend And Nanocomposite Films 2018-08 Razak, Nadhilah Muhammad T1-995 Technology(General) T175-178 Industrial research. Research and development In this study, hemicelluloses were successfully extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch. Hemicelluloses produced through alkali-ethanol extraction technique. The hemicelluloses then blended with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at various hemicelluloses loading (20, 40, 60, and 80 wt %) by using solution casting method to produce hemicelluloses-carboxymethyl cellulose (H-CMC) blend films. Montmorillonite (MMT) with 2 % was added to enhance the properties of the (H-CMC-MMT) nanocomposite films. The effect of blending ratio and the effect of MMT loading on the physico-chemical, mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of nanocomposite films were successfully analyzed and characterized. The films were characterized by mean of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), tensile strength, molecular weight, water vapor permeability, contact angle and biodegradability analysis. FTIR analysis revealed the peak of carbonyl group that representing hemicellulose intensity increases with additional of hemicelluloses for all H-CMC blend films. Thermal analysis shows the melting temperature was shifted to higher temperature from 258.34 ºC to 260.14 ºC by 1.8 % of high loading hemicelluloses at 80 % compared to pure CMC films. SEM observation revealed uniform and smooth surface of H-CMC blend films up to 40 % hemicelluloses loading before the roughness occurred at 80 % hemicelluloses loading. The elongation at break of hemicelluloses blend films increased by 14.30 %, however the tensile strength of the hemicelluloses blend films decreased by 56 % when 80 % hemicelluloses loading was used compared to CMC films. Compared to the blend films, the nanocomposite films shows excellent tensile strength of films by (29.6 MPa), which was 15.2 % higher than the blend film. The nanocomposite films enhanced the tensile strength due to the effect of the strong hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction between CMC and MMT. In addition, the nanocomposite films had high thermal behavior and low water vapor permeability. These observations suggest that the blend film can be uses in area of application in the coating and packaging industry. 2018-08 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/49689/ http://eprints.usm.my/49689/1/NADHILAH%20BINTI%20MUHAMMAD%20RAZAK_hj.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	T1-995 Technology(General) T1-995 Technology(General)
spellingShingle	T1-995 Technology(General) T1-995 Technology(General) Razak, Nadhilah Muhammad Characterization And Properties Of Carboxymethyl Celluloses – Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicelluloses Blend And Nanocomposite Films
description	In this study, hemicelluloses were successfully extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch. Hemicelluloses produced through alkali-ethanol extraction technique. The hemicelluloses then blended with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at various hemicelluloses loading (20, 40, 60, and 80 wt %) by using solution casting method to produce hemicelluloses-carboxymethyl cellulose (H-CMC) blend films. Montmorillonite (MMT) with 2 % was added to enhance the properties of the (H-CMC-MMT) nanocomposite films. The effect of blending ratio and the effect of MMT loading on the physico-chemical, mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of nanocomposite films were successfully analyzed and characterized. The films were characterized by mean of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), tensile strength, molecular weight, water vapor permeability, contact angle and biodegradability analysis. FTIR analysis revealed the peak of carbonyl group that representing hemicellulose intensity increases with additional of hemicelluloses for all H-CMC blend films. Thermal analysis shows the melting temperature was shifted to higher temperature from 258.34 ºC to 260.14 ºC by 1.8 % of high loading hemicelluloses at 80 % compared to pure CMC films. SEM observation revealed uniform and smooth surface of H-CMC blend films up to 40 % hemicelluloses loading before the roughness occurred at 80 % hemicelluloses loading. The elongation at break of hemicelluloses blend films increased by 14.30 %, however the tensile strength of the hemicelluloses blend films decreased by 56 % when 80 % hemicelluloses loading was used compared to CMC films. Compared to the blend films, the nanocomposite films shows excellent tensile strength of films by (29.6 MPa), which was 15.2 % higher than the blend film. The nanocomposite films enhanced the tensile strength due to the effect of the strong hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction between CMC and MMT. In addition, the nanocomposite films had high thermal behavior and low water vapor permeability. These observations suggest that the blend film can be uses in area of application in the coating and packaging industry.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Razak, Nadhilah Muhammad
author_facet	Razak, Nadhilah Muhammad
author_sort	Razak, Nadhilah Muhammad
title	Characterization And Properties Of Carboxymethyl Celluloses – Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicelluloses Blend And Nanocomposite Films
title_short	Characterization And Properties Of Carboxymethyl Celluloses – Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicelluloses Blend And Nanocomposite Films
title_full	Characterization And Properties Of Carboxymethyl Celluloses – Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicelluloses Blend And Nanocomposite Films
title_fullStr	Characterization And Properties Of Carboxymethyl Celluloses – Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicelluloses Blend And Nanocomposite Films
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization And Properties Of Carboxymethyl Celluloses – Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicelluloses Blend And Nanocomposite Films
title_sort	characterization and properties of carboxymethyl celluloses – oil palm empty fruit bunch hemicelluloses blend and nanocomposite films
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.usm.my/49689/1/NADHILAH%20BINTI%20MUHAMMAD%20RAZAK_hj.pdf
_version_	1747822009188876288

Characterization And Properties Of Carboxymethyl Celluloses – Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hemicelluloses Blend And Nanocomposite Films

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