Physical and chemical characterisation of bullet impact holes on sheet metal surfaces by 9 mm calibre bullets

Forensic investigators are currently facing challenges to determine bullet holes due to the variety of bullet type that have caused damage on a target, especially in cases involving drive-by shooting, ambush shooting, as well as cross fire shooting related to vehicle. It is rising trend in murder ca...

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Main Author:	Malik, Syamsul Anuar Abd
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	R Medicine
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/50941/1/Dr.%20Syamsul%20Anuar%20Abd%20Malik-24%20pages.pdf
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id	my-usm-ep.50941
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spelling	my-usm-ep.509412021-12-20T07:58:56Z Physical and chemical characterisation of bullet impact holes on sheet metal surfaces by 9 mm calibre bullets 2019 Malik, Syamsul Anuar Abd R Medicine Forensic investigators are currently facing challenges to determine bullet holes due to the variety of bullet type that have caused damage on a target, especially in cases involving drive-by shooting, ambush shooting, as well as cross fire shooting related to vehicle. It is rising trend in murder cases where the victim was sitting inside a vehicle. With a variety of bullet types available in the market, whether with the same or different calibres, it is difficult to definitely confirm a bullet hole, and also to determine the bullet types that caused that hole. In view of this, this study was aimed to characterise bullet impact holes made by 9 mm calibre ammunition on two different automotive doors through physical and chemical means. In this study, visual and macroscopic techniques was used to observe the morphological features of impact holes, as well as the application of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) method to determine the inorganic elemental composition of samples recovered from the impact holes. Substantial differences among the bullet impact holes were successfully disclosed upon physical examination by observing the unique characteristics on each bullet hole, in term of the bullet hole diameter, height of the bullet crater, petalling effect, radial edge pattern, internal circumference pattern, crown or metallic ring formation, as well as the distribution of bullet dust residues around the bullet hole. Besides, elemental analysis revealed that certain projectile could have contained different composition of inorganic elements, as observed in polymer (ARX) type bullet with no lead was detected but with the presence of sulphur, which have been transferred to the bullet hole. Copper and zinc were detected in samples recovered from impact holes made by all projectiles, except lead round nose (LRN) type projectiles due to unjacketed property. In conclusion, morphological features of the produced impact holes could allow for exclusion of certain projectile types, and subsequently SEM-EDX further discriminated unjacketed projectile from those bullet holes made by jacketed projectiles. Bullet hole produced different types of 9 mm calibre ammunition could be characterised through physical examination and elemental analysis, possessing great potential in investigating the forensic evidence frequently encountered in shooting cases. 2019 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/50941/ http://eprints.usm.my/50941/1/Dr.%20Syamsul%20Anuar%20Abd%20Malik-24%20pages.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	R Medicine
spellingShingle	R Medicine Malik, Syamsul Anuar Abd Physical and chemical characterisation of bullet impact holes on sheet metal surfaces by 9 mm calibre bullets
description	Forensic investigators are currently facing challenges to determine bullet holes due to the variety of bullet type that have caused damage on a target, especially in cases involving drive-by shooting, ambush shooting, as well as cross fire shooting related to vehicle. It is rising trend in murder cases where the victim was sitting inside a vehicle. With a variety of bullet types available in the market, whether with the same or different calibres, it is difficult to definitely confirm a bullet hole, and also to determine the bullet types that caused that hole. In view of this, this study was aimed to characterise bullet impact holes made by 9 mm calibre ammunition on two different automotive doors through physical and chemical means. In this study, visual and macroscopic techniques was used to observe the morphological features of impact holes, as well as the application of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) method to determine the inorganic elemental composition of samples recovered from the impact holes. Substantial differences among the bullet impact holes were successfully disclosed upon physical examination by observing the unique characteristics on each bullet hole, in term of the bullet hole diameter, height of the bullet crater, petalling effect, radial edge pattern, internal circumference pattern, crown or metallic ring formation, as well as the distribution of bullet dust residues around the bullet hole. Besides, elemental analysis revealed that certain projectile could have contained different composition of inorganic elements, as observed in polymer (ARX) type bullet with no lead was detected but with the presence of sulphur, which have been transferred to the bullet hole. Copper and zinc were detected in samples recovered from impact holes made by all projectiles, except lead round nose (LRN) type projectiles due to unjacketed property. In conclusion, morphological features of the produced impact holes could allow for exclusion of certain projectile types, and subsequently SEM-EDX further discriminated unjacketed projectile from those bullet holes made by jacketed projectiles. Bullet hole produced different types of 9 mm calibre ammunition could be characterised through physical examination and elemental analysis, possessing great potential in investigating the forensic evidence frequently encountered in shooting cases.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Malik, Syamsul Anuar Abd
author_facet	Malik, Syamsul Anuar Abd
author_sort	Malik, Syamsul Anuar Abd
title	Physical and chemical characterisation of bullet impact holes on sheet metal surfaces by 9 mm calibre bullets
title_short	Physical and chemical characterisation of bullet impact holes on sheet metal surfaces by 9 mm calibre bullets
title_full	Physical and chemical characterisation of bullet impact holes on sheet metal surfaces by 9 mm calibre bullets
title_fullStr	Physical and chemical characterisation of bullet impact holes on sheet metal surfaces by 9 mm calibre bullets
title_full_unstemmed	Physical and chemical characterisation of bullet impact holes on sheet metal surfaces by 9 mm calibre bullets
title_sort	physical and chemical characterisation of bullet impact holes on sheet metal surfaces by 9 mm calibre bullets
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.usm.my/50941/1/Dr.%20Syamsul%20Anuar%20Abd%20Malik-24%20pages.pdf
_version_	1747822048862797824

Physical and chemical characterisation of bullet impact holes on sheet metal surfaces by 9 mm calibre bullets

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