Development Of Polysaccharide Derived Carbon Aerogels For The Remediation Of Pharmaceuticals Contaminated Water
The preparation of eco-friendly carbon aerogels via ambient pressure drying using natural polysaccharides, mainly carrageenan, pectin, sago, guar gum, konjac gum, xanthan gum, psyllium husk and sodium alginate have been conducted. The adsorption performance for the remediation of pharmaceutical comp...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/51133/1/Development%20Of%20Polysaccharide%20Derived%20Carbon%20Aerogels%20For%20The%20Remediation%20Of%20Pharmaceuticals%20Contaminated%20Water.pdf |
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| Summary: | The preparation of eco-friendly carbon aerogels via ambient pressure drying using natural polysaccharides, mainly carrageenan, pectin, sago, guar gum, konjac gum, xanthan gum, psyllium husk and sodium alginate have been conducted. The adsorption performance for the remediation of pharmaceutical compounds, namely paracetamol (PCM), metformin (MTF), amoxicillin (AMX) and caffeine (CAF) has been examined. The preparation conditions were optimized, particularly the effects of activation agent, impregnation ratio (IR), activation temperature and activation time. Surface morphology projected well developed 3D porous structure of the carbon aerogels, with the specific surface area ranging between 729.34 m2/g to 2165.94 m2/g. The adsorptive uptakes increased proportional to the rising concentration gradients. The adsorption behaviour of MTF, AMX and CAF were highly dependent on the changing solution pH. The equilibrium data were described by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm model, with maximum adsorption capacity for PCM, MTF, AMX and CAF of 416.79, 329.80, 583.11 and 324.90 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics were best fitted to the pseudo-second order kinetic model and thermodynamic parameters revealed the spontaneity, endothermic and exothermic characteristics of the adsorption interaction. This research has successfully explored an alternative pathway for preparation of natural carbon aerogels for the possible treatment of pharmaceutical compounds, specifically PCM, MTF, AMX and CAF from aqueous solution. |
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