Removal Of Escherichia Coli Using Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field In Riverbank Filtration
An increase of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli) in river water is a concern as it is the main precursor to health hazard disinfection in conventional drinking water treatment systems. One possibility of growing interest in water utilities is the technology of riverbank filtration (RBF). RBF is a new...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/51370/1/Removal%20Of%20Escherichia%20Coli%20Using%20Low%20Frequency%20Electromagnetic%20Field%20In%20Riverbank%20Filtration.pdf |
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| Summary: | An increase of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli) in river water is a concern as it is
the main precursor to health hazard disinfection in conventional drinking water
treatment systems. One possibility of growing interest in water utilities is the
technology of riverbank filtration (RBF). RBF is a new method that could introduce
non-chemical techniques and natural treatments in Malaysia. Although RBF systems
are efficient in reducing or removing the concentrations of contaminants, they are
mostly ineffective in the removal of pathogenic bacteria especially during flood and
wet seasons. Therefore, this study aimed to remove Escherichia coli (E. coli), and
reduce the concentration with low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMF) as a
component of the non-ionising radiations in RBF. A water quality monitoring study
showed that the initial concentrations of E. coli in the water of Sungai Kerian and the
tube well were 2419.6 MPN/100 mL and 10.1 MPN/100 mL respectively. This finding
signifies that the water abstracted from the RBF well still requires further treatment to
ensure the water is safe and clean for human consumption. This research project
successfully presents and discusses the design and construction of a LF-EMF device
built on five horizontal coiled columns that were capable of producing uniform
magnetic fields in the frequency range of 50 Hz, and at varying magnetic field densities
of 2 mT, 4 mT, 6 mT, 8 mT, and 10 mT for the same range of exposure times. The
coiled column model for the development of the prototype parameters were
successfully studied. The LF-EMF simulation was performed to determine the removal
of E. coli bacteria in the river water induced by a 50 Hz with a range of 2 to 10 mT magnetic field. The most effective column, with a diameter 50 mm, length = 500 mm,
and flowrate 50 mL/min, was stimulated and optimised using the response surface
methodology (RSM) to obtain the optimal required exposure time and magnetic field
for the removal of E. coli. The model response was fitted to the quadratic model. The
values recommended were under optimal conditions of 3.10 hours exposure time, and
6.86 mT magnetic field, whereby 83.18% E. coli removal was achieved. |
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