Cytotoxic effect of phoenix dactylifera L. (ajwa date extract) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major public health problem globally. The prognosis for patients with OSCC remains poor despite the advancement in treatment modalities and diagnostic technology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore natural products that effectively cure this dis...

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Main Author:	Shahbaz, Khushboo
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	R Medicine
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/53309/1/KHUSHBOO%20SHAHBAZ-FINAL%20THESIS%20P-SGM002017%28R%29%20PWD_-OCR.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.533092022-07-06T07:49:01Z Cytotoxic effect of phoenix dactylifera L. (ajwa date extract) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line 2020-12 Shahbaz, Khushboo R Medicine Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major public health problem globally. The prognosis for patients with OSCC remains poor despite the advancement in treatment modalities and diagnostic technology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore natural products that effectively cure this disease. Ajwa date fruit, was reported to have strong anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. However, no study has focused on Ajwa date flesh and pits extract effect on OSCC yet. The aim of the current study is to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of Ajwa date flesh (ADF) and Ajwa date pit (ADP) extract on HSC-2 cell line. ADF and ADP were extracted with solvent extraction method using hexane, acetone and ethanol, which were then subjected to antioxidant assay by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity assessment. For apoptosis assessment, Annexin-V apoptosis detection kit for 24, 48 and 72 hours was used. In this study, acetone extracts of ADF and ADP had the highest radical scavenging and antioxidant activities followed by the ethanolic extracts. Whereas, ADP appeared to have significantly higher antioxidant effects than the ADF. In this study, the MTT assay demonstrated that acetone extracts of ADF and ADP were significantly cytotoxic against HSC-2 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ADF was found to be 8.69 mg/ml at 24h and the maximum cell growth inhibition was observed at 50 mg/ml. The IC50 for the ADP was found to be 0.97 mg/ml at 24h and the maximum cell growth inhibition was observed at 5 mg/ml. Statistical analysis of the flowcytometry assay showed that the treatment with ADF and ADP extracts had significant apoptotic effect which occurred in a dose-dependent manner. At treatment with higher doses of ADP and ADF extract HSC-2 cells were seen in late apoptotic stage. ADP extract demonstrated higher apoptotic activity than ADF extract. In addition, combined treatment of ADF and ADP were also performed on HSC-2 cells which demonstrated higher apoptotic activity when compared to the single extract. In conclusion, Ajwa date fruit has promising cytotoxic effect by inhibiting growth and proliferation of OSCC cells and inducing cell death by apoptosis. Furthermore, high radical scavenging activity of ADP will promote it as a potential candidate for further research to isolate the antioxidant compounds and to be used in combination with the fruit flesh in the development of anti-cancer drug in future. 2020-12 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/53309/ http://eprints.usm.my/53309/1/KHUSHBOO%20SHAHBAZ-FINAL%20THESIS%20P-SGM002017%28R%29%20PWD_-OCR.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	R Medicine
spellingShingle	R Medicine Shahbaz, Khushboo Cytotoxic effect of phoenix dactylifera L. (ajwa date extract) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
description	Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major public health problem globally. The prognosis for patients with OSCC remains poor despite the advancement in treatment modalities and diagnostic technology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore natural products that effectively cure this disease. Ajwa date fruit, was reported to have strong anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. However, no study has focused on Ajwa date flesh and pits extract effect on OSCC yet. The aim of the current study is to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of Ajwa date flesh (ADF) and Ajwa date pit (ADP) extract on HSC-2 cell line. ADF and ADP were extracted with solvent extraction method using hexane, acetone and ethanol, which were then subjected to antioxidant assay by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity assessment. For apoptosis assessment, Annexin-V apoptosis detection kit for 24, 48 and 72 hours was used. In this study, acetone extracts of ADF and ADP had the highest radical scavenging and antioxidant activities followed by the ethanolic extracts. Whereas, ADP appeared to have significantly higher antioxidant effects than the ADF. In this study, the MTT assay demonstrated that acetone extracts of ADF and ADP were significantly cytotoxic against HSC-2 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ADF was found to be 8.69 mg/ml at 24h and the maximum cell growth inhibition was observed at 50 mg/ml. The IC50 for the ADP was found to be 0.97 mg/ml at 24h and the maximum cell growth inhibition was observed at 5 mg/ml. Statistical analysis of the flowcytometry assay showed that the treatment with ADF and ADP extracts had significant apoptotic effect which occurred in a dose-dependent manner. At treatment with higher doses of ADP and ADF extract HSC-2 cells were seen in late apoptotic stage. ADP extract demonstrated higher apoptotic activity than ADF extract. In addition, combined treatment of ADF and ADP were also performed on HSC-2 cells which demonstrated higher apoptotic activity when compared to the single extract. In conclusion, Ajwa date fruit has promising cytotoxic effect by inhibiting growth and proliferation of OSCC cells and inducing cell death by apoptosis. Furthermore, high radical scavenging activity of ADP will promote it as a potential candidate for further research to isolate the antioxidant compounds and to be used in combination with the fruit flesh in the development of anti-cancer drug in future.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Shahbaz, Khushboo
author_facet	Shahbaz, Khushboo
author_sort	Shahbaz, Khushboo
title	Cytotoxic effect of phoenix dactylifera L. (ajwa date extract) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
title_short	Cytotoxic effect of phoenix dactylifera L. (ajwa date extract) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
title_full	Cytotoxic effect of phoenix dactylifera L. (ajwa date extract) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
title_fullStr	Cytotoxic effect of phoenix dactylifera L. (ajwa date extract) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
title_full_unstemmed	Cytotoxic effect of phoenix dactylifera L. (ajwa date extract) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
title_sort	cytotoxic effect of phoenix dactylifera l. (ajwa date extract) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
publishDate	2020
url	http://eprints.usm.my/53309/1/KHUSHBOO%20SHAHBAZ-FINAL%20THESIS%20P-SGM002017%28R%29%20PWD_-OCR.pdf
_version_	1747822234898006016

Cytotoxic effect of phoenix dactylifera L. (ajwa date extract) on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line

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