Epidemiology and determinants of serologically diagnosed hiv-1 and hiv-1&2 in tertiary hospitals of eastern peninsular Malaysia

Epidemiology and determinants of serologically diagnosed hiv-1 and hiv-1&2 in tertiary hospitals of eastern peninsular Malaysia

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is known as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are two types of HIV infection, HIV- 1 and HIV-2, which are geographically different in epidemiology and determinants. Objective: To determine the epidemiology and...

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Main Author: Muhadi, Siti Aishah
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2020
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R Medicine
Online Access:http://eprints.usm.my/54175/1/Siti%20Aishah%20Muhadi-24%20pages.pdf
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spelling my-usm-ep.541752022-08-18T06:26:12Z Epidemiology and determinants of serologically diagnosed hiv-1 and hiv-1&2 in tertiary hospitals of eastern peninsular Malaysia 2020 Muhadi, Siti Aishah R Medicine Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is known as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are two types of HIV infection, HIV- 1 and HIV-2, which are geographically different in epidemiology and determinants. Objective: To determine the epidemiology and determinants of HIV-1 and HIV-1&2 among HIV patients in tertiary hospitals of Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Method: A cross sectional study of serologically diagnosed HIV -1 and HIV-1&2 from January 2016 until December 2018 of three tertiary hospitals in Eastern Peninsular Malaysia, aged >12 years were included. Data were obtained from laboratory request forms, medical record folders, Laboratory Information System (LIS) and Hospital Information System (HIS).All collected data were analysed by SPSS version 24 which include descriptive statistic for sociodemographic data, Pearson chi square for association between type of HIV with HCV, HBV, syphilis and tuberculosis and Independent T test for association between type of HIV with haematological parameters. The risk factor associated with HIV-1&2, were determined by Simple Linear Regression Model, variables with p value <0.25 were subjected to Multiple Logistic Regression Model. A p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 519 serologically diagnosed HIV, 344 (66.3%) were HIV-1 and 175 (33.7%) were HIV-1&2. HIV positive were highly distributed in Malay male, single and worked in nonprofessional sector in both groups. Most HIV-1 patients were presented with tuberculosis. However, HIV-1&2 patients were mostly asymptomatic at diagnosis. The mean age was slightly higher, in HIV-1&2 (39, SD =9) compared to HIV-1 (38, SD=11). The commonest mode of transmission for HIV-1 was by sexual contact 131(45.7%) whereas IVDU 56(45.2%) in HIV-1&2. Co-infection with tuberculosis (p=0.005) and HCV (p<0.001) were significantly higher in HIV-1 as compared to HIV- 1&2. IVDU was a significant determinant to develop HIV-1&2 (Adjusted OR: 3.5, 95% CI=1.875-5.227, p<0.001). Conclusion: Proportion of HIV-1&2 was high in this study. Most HIV-1&2 was asymptomatic at diagnosis and IVDU was the significant determinant of serologically diagnosed of HIV-1&2. Patient with HIV-1&2 present less severe compare to patient with HIV-1. However, further molecular diagnostic study should be tested to confirm the type of HIV in future. 2020 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/54175/ http://eprints.usm.my/54175/1/Siti%20Aishah%20Muhadi-24%20pages.pdf application/pdf en public masters Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan Universiti Sains Malaysia
institution Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection USM Institutional Repository
language English
topic R Medicine
spellingShingle R Medicine
Muhadi, Siti Aishah
Epidemiology and determinants of serologically diagnosed hiv-1 and hiv-1&2 in tertiary hospitals of eastern peninsular Malaysia
description Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is known as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are two types of HIV infection, HIV- 1 and HIV-2, which are geographically different in epidemiology and determinants. Objective: To determine the epidemiology and determinants of HIV-1 and HIV-1&2 among HIV patients in tertiary hospitals of Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Method: A cross sectional study of serologically diagnosed HIV -1 and HIV-1&2 from January 2016 until December 2018 of three tertiary hospitals in Eastern Peninsular Malaysia, aged >12 years were included. Data were obtained from laboratory request forms, medical record folders, Laboratory Information System (LIS) and Hospital Information System (HIS).All collected data were analysed by SPSS version 24 which include descriptive statistic for sociodemographic data, Pearson chi square for association between type of HIV with HCV, HBV, syphilis and tuberculosis and Independent T test for association between type of HIV with haematological parameters. The risk factor associated with HIV-1&2, were determined by Simple Linear Regression Model, variables with p value <0.25 were subjected to Multiple Logistic Regression Model. A p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 519 serologically diagnosed HIV, 344 (66.3%) were HIV-1 and 175 (33.7%) were HIV-1&2. HIV positive were highly distributed in Malay male, single and worked in nonprofessional sector in both groups. Most HIV-1 patients were presented with tuberculosis. However, HIV-1&2 patients were mostly asymptomatic at diagnosis. The mean age was slightly higher, in HIV-1&2 (39, SD =9) compared to HIV-1 (38, SD=11). The commonest mode of transmission for HIV-1 was by sexual contact 131(45.7%) whereas IVDU 56(45.2%) in HIV-1&2. Co-infection with tuberculosis (p=0.005) and HCV (p<0.001) were significantly higher in HIV-1 as compared to HIV- 1&2. IVDU was a significant determinant to develop HIV-1&2 (Adjusted OR: 3.5, 95% CI=1.875-5.227, p<0.001). Conclusion: Proportion of HIV-1&2 was high in this study. Most HIV-1&2 was asymptomatic at diagnosis and IVDU was the significant determinant of serologically diagnosed of HIV-1&2. Patient with HIV-1&2 present less severe compare to patient with HIV-1. However, further molecular diagnostic study should be tested to confirm the type of HIV in future.
format Thesis
qualification_level Master's degree
author Muhadi, Siti Aishah
author_facet Muhadi, Siti Aishah
author_sort Muhadi, Siti Aishah
title Epidemiology and determinants of serologically diagnosed hiv-1 and hiv-1&2 in tertiary hospitals of eastern peninsular Malaysia
title_short Epidemiology and determinants of serologically diagnosed hiv-1 and hiv-1&2 in tertiary hospitals of eastern peninsular Malaysia
title_full Epidemiology and determinants of serologically diagnosed hiv-1 and hiv-1&2 in tertiary hospitals of eastern peninsular Malaysia
title_fullStr Epidemiology and determinants of serologically diagnosed hiv-1 and hiv-1&2 in tertiary hospitals of eastern peninsular Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology and determinants of serologically diagnosed hiv-1 and hiv-1&2 in tertiary hospitals of eastern peninsular Malaysia
title_sort epidemiology and determinants of serologically diagnosed hiv-1 and hiv-1&2 in tertiary hospitals of eastern peninsular malaysia
granting_institution Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
granting_department Universiti Sains Malaysia
publishDate 2020
url http://eprints.usm.my/54175/1/Siti%20Aishah%20Muhadi-24%20pages.pdf
_version_ 1747822276506550272

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