The Assessment Of Current 'As Built' Condition And Improvement Of Future Design Of Mosque's Water Closet

The water closet is an old expression to the toilet. It should include all defecation, urinal, showering and washing facilities. It also refers to water closet cubicle, wash hand basin, shower and all related facilities in the water closet. In Malaysia, there no specific guidelines focusing in mosqu...

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Main Author:	Mohamad Nazir, Amni Umirah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	T Technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/56160/1/The%20Assessment%20Of%20Current%20%27As%20Built%27%20Condition%20And%20Improvement%20Of%20Future%20Design%20Of%20Mosque%27s%20Water%20Closet_Amni%20Umirah%20Mohamad%20Nazir.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.561602022-12-29T09:41:31Z The Assessment Of Current 'As Built' Condition And Improvement Of Future Design Of Mosque's Water Closet 2018-10-01 Mohamad Nazir, Amni Umirah T Technology TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) The water closet is an old expression to the toilet. It should include all defecation, urinal, showering and washing facilities. It also refers to water closet cubicle, wash hand basin, shower and all related facilities in the water closet. In Malaysia, there no specific guidelines focusing in mosque water closet facilities and design. A mosque design including its water closet should demonstrate sustainable soundness in design concepts, design requirements, design guidelines, scale, and function. It should provide convenient spaces for all attendees, including the disabled, elderly and children. Ironically, the communal ancillary spaces such as a water closet was frequently ignored. Therefore, this study focuses on mosque water closet and aims at accessing the “as-built” water closet conditions and compared it against Malaysian standards, guidelines, and legislation. Percentage of Compliance and Cleanliness Index were develop based on multicriteria assessment, while the possible causal relationships between water closet cleanliness and condition of microbial contaminants were identified. Based on Percentage Compliance and Cleanliness Index of thirty (31) selected mosques at Pulau Pinang, Melaka, and Perlis, MQS12 reported the highest percentage of compliance (64%) while another thirteen out of thirty-one mosques achieve the acceptable compliance level for water closet design and facilities. Meanwhile, Cleanliness Index (CI), MQS03 recorded the highest, which scored “Good” cleanliness level (83%). Then, the causal relation between Cleanliness Index and microbial contaminants shows that four mosques which recorded higher bacterial contaminants (exceeding the allowable limit of ICOP) has “Not Satisfied” and “Bad” cleanliness level. This may be due to improper design of facilities, which could lead to lower cleanliness index. The new layout which contains three basic facilities (ablution area, water closet cubicle and water closet for disabled) were developed to improve satisfaction level of disabled user with increasing safety and demands of Muslim users. Generally, 50% of mosques has provided minimum compliance on facilities and design, with none scored maximum. The ‘as built’ water closet did not fully comply with Malaysian standards, guidelines and legislation. Cleanliness of water closet could have an effect of microbial growth in the main prayer hall via direct contact of ‘not very clean’ human hand after visiting water closet to the carpet at the main prayer hall. Upgraded design and facilities for water closet being proposed as drawings and modification has shown some positive response from the users hence giving a good ‘signal’ that upcoming water closet should be designed and built with these new features to ensure better conditions in our mosques. 2018-10 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/56160/ http://eprints.usm.my/56160/1/The%20Assessment%20Of%20Current%20%27As%20Built%27%20Condition%20And%20Improvement%20Of%20Future%20Design%20Of%20Mosque%27s%20Water%20Closet_Amni%20Umirah%20Mohamad%20Nazir.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	T Technology T Technology
spellingShingle	T Technology T Technology Mohamad Nazir, Amni Umirah The Assessment Of Current 'As Built' Condition And Improvement Of Future Design Of Mosque's Water Closet
description	The water closet is an old expression to the toilet. It should include all defecation, urinal, showering and washing facilities. It also refers to water closet cubicle, wash hand basin, shower and all related facilities in the water closet. In Malaysia, there no specific guidelines focusing in mosque water closet facilities and design. A mosque design including its water closet should demonstrate sustainable soundness in design concepts, design requirements, design guidelines, scale, and function. It should provide convenient spaces for all attendees, including the disabled, elderly and children. Ironically, the communal ancillary spaces such as a water closet was frequently ignored. Therefore, this study focuses on mosque water closet and aims at accessing the “as-built” water closet conditions and compared it against Malaysian standards, guidelines, and legislation. Percentage of Compliance and Cleanliness Index were develop based on multicriteria assessment, while the possible causal relationships between water closet cleanliness and condition of microbial contaminants were identified. Based on Percentage Compliance and Cleanliness Index of thirty (31) selected mosques at Pulau Pinang, Melaka, and Perlis, MQS12 reported the highest percentage of compliance (64%) while another thirteen out of thirty-one mosques achieve the acceptable compliance level for water closet design and facilities. Meanwhile, Cleanliness Index (CI), MQS03 recorded the highest, which scored “Good” cleanliness level (83%). Then, the causal relation between Cleanliness Index and microbial contaminants shows that four mosques which recorded higher bacterial contaminants (exceeding the allowable limit of ICOP) has “Not Satisfied” and “Bad” cleanliness level. This may be due to improper design of facilities, which could lead to lower cleanliness index. The new layout which contains three basic facilities (ablution area, water closet cubicle and water closet for disabled) were developed to improve satisfaction level of disabled user with increasing safety and demands of Muslim users. Generally, 50% of mosques has provided minimum compliance on facilities and design, with none scored maximum. The ‘as built’ water closet did not fully comply with Malaysian standards, guidelines and legislation. Cleanliness of water closet could have an effect of microbial growth in the main prayer hall via direct contact of ‘not very clean’ human hand after visiting water closet to the carpet at the main prayer hall. Upgraded design and facilities for water closet being proposed as drawings and modification has shown some positive response from the users hence giving a good ‘signal’ that upcoming water closet should be designed and built with these new features to ensure better conditions in our mosques.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohamad Nazir, Amni Umirah
author_facet	Mohamad Nazir, Amni Umirah
author_sort	Mohamad Nazir, Amni Umirah
title	The Assessment Of Current 'As Built' Condition And Improvement Of Future Design Of Mosque's Water Closet
title_short	The Assessment Of Current 'As Built' Condition And Improvement Of Future Design Of Mosque's Water Closet
title_full	The Assessment Of Current 'As Built' Condition And Improvement Of Future Design Of Mosque's Water Closet
title_fullStr	The Assessment Of Current 'As Built' Condition And Improvement Of Future Design Of Mosque's Water Closet
title_full_unstemmed	The Assessment Of Current 'As Built' Condition And Improvement Of Future Design Of Mosque's Water Closet
title_sort	assessment of current 'as built' condition and improvement of future design of mosque's water closet
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.usm.my/56160/1/The%20Assessment%20Of%20Current%20%27As%20Built%27%20Condition%20And%20Improvement%20Of%20Future%20Design%20Of%20Mosque%27s%20Water%20Closet_Amni%20Umirah%20Mohamad%20Nazir.pdf
_version_	1776101141303525376

The Assessment Of Current 'As Built' Condition And Improvement Of Future Design Of Mosque's Water Closet

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