Acute oral toxicity evaluation of baicalein active compound extracted from oroxylum indicum in sprague-dawley rats
Oroxylum indicum is a unique plant which can be found throughout Southeast Asia and has gained increasing attention in the field of oncology. Baicalein is the most abundantly found and dominant active compound of the O. indicum plant in general. It has been reported to exert anti-metastatic, anti...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/58443/1/Yeap%20Mei%20Yan-OCR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Oroxylum indicum is a unique plant which can be found throughout Southeast
Asia and has gained increasing attention in the field of oncology. Baicalein is the most
abundantly found and dominant active compound of the O. indicum plant in general.
It has been reported to exert anti-metastatic, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic,
anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective, as well as wound healing
potentials. However, there is a gap in scientific knowledge on the toxicological profile
of baicalein active compound extracted from O. indicum. This study aims to evaluate
the acute toxicity effect of baicalein extracted from O. indicum leaves by conducting
acute oral toxicity testing on Sprague-Dawley rats. The Soxhlet binary extraction
process using finely crushed O. indicum leaf material yielded 3.94 g (16%) of crude
extract powder. Next, fractionation of the crude extract powder using 100% methanol
concentration generated fraction 5 (F5) with enriched baicalein compound. TLC
analysis detected the presence of baicalein in F5 under short-waved (254 nm) and longwaved
(365 nm) UV light. The initial sighting study revealed that F5 did not cause any
mortality among the rat models throughout the experimental period, at fixed doses of
5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg set by Organisation for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. Thus, the sub-lethal dose of
baicalein was more than 2000 mg/kg. The results of the acute toxicity study revealed that body weight of all animals did not show any increment or reduction of more than
20% of their initial body weight after 14 days. Although, statistically significant
differences (p < 0.05) were seen in the relative weight of the brain, lung, and
reproductive organs among male and female treated groups. Nevertheless, the
haematological and biochemical indices for treated groups of both sexes were all
within normal range according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
and American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) guidelines, similar
to the non-treated groups. Moreover, the animals showed no clinical signs of toxicity
and changes in behaviours related to the treatment. Histopathological examination also
revealed normal cellular architecture with absence of treatment related toxicity on all
vital internal organs of the treated group. Therefore, the results of this study
demonstrate that baicalein extracted from O. indicum produced no adverse toxic
effects on Sprague-Dawley rat behaviour and organ tissue morphology at highest
dosage of 2000 mg/kg. |
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