A Preliminary Study On Pain Tolerance And Withdrawal Symptoms Among Active Ketum (Mitragyna Speciosa) Users In Malaysia

Kratom is known locally as ketum or biak (Mitragyna speciosa) in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Southeast Asian countries are home to the ketum plant. Ketum leaves are extensively used as an herbal supplement (traditional medicine) for self-treatment of medical conditions in the West and Southea...

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Main Author:	Abdul Rahim, Azlan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	RM300-666 Drugs and their actions
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/59673/1/24%20Pages%20from%20AZLAN%20BIN%20ABDUL%20RAHIM%20-%20TESIS.pdf
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id	my-usm-ep.59673
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-usm-ep.596732023-12-14T01:17:10Z A Preliminary Study On Pain Tolerance And Withdrawal Symptoms Among Active Ketum (Mitragyna Speciosa) Users In Malaysia 2022-09 Abdul Rahim, Azlan RM300-666 Drugs and their actions Kratom is known locally as ketum or biak (Mitragyna speciosa) in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Southeast Asian countries are home to the ketum plant. Ketum leaves are extensively used as an herbal supplement (traditional medicine) for self-treatment of medical conditions in the West and Southeast Asia, including pain and opioid use disorder (OUD). However, ketum consumption over a prolonged period was associated with withdrawal effects. Therefore, to systematically investigate the effects of ketum based on claims from previous research (pain tolerance and withdrawal symptoms), a human laboratory study was conducted with 26 male participants in Pusat Sejahtera, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The study aimed to investigate withdrawal symptoms using a validated clinical measurement, the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), after 12 hours of ketum cessation. Secondly, the study investigated ketum effects on pain tolerance using the cold pressor task. Study findings suggested no significant association between ketum consumption with withdrawal symptoms and pain tolerance. However, mild withdrawal symptoms were observed during the 12 hours of ketum cessation such as runny nose, yawning, restlessness and axiety. 2022-09 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/59673/ http://eprints.usm.my/59673/1/24%20Pages%20from%20AZLAN%20BIN%20ABDUL%20RAHIM%20-%20TESIS.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut Pusat Penyelidikan Dadah dan Ubat-Ubatan
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	RM300-666 Drugs and their actions
spellingShingle	RM300-666 Drugs and their actions Abdul Rahim, Azlan A Preliminary Study On Pain Tolerance And Withdrawal Symptoms Among Active Ketum (Mitragyna Speciosa) Users In Malaysia
description	Kratom is known locally as ketum or biak (Mitragyna speciosa) in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Southeast Asian countries are home to the ketum plant. Ketum leaves are extensively used as an herbal supplement (traditional medicine) for self-treatment of medical conditions in the West and Southeast Asia, including pain and opioid use disorder (OUD). However, ketum consumption over a prolonged period was associated with withdrawal effects. Therefore, to systematically investigate the effects of ketum based on claims from previous research (pain tolerance and withdrawal symptoms), a human laboratory study was conducted with 26 male participants in Pusat Sejahtera, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The study aimed to investigate withdrawal symptoms using a validated clinical measurement, the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), after 12 hours of ketum cessation. Secondly, the study investigated ketum effects on pain tolerance using the cold pressor task. Study findings suggested no significant association between ketum consumption with withdrawal symptoms and pain tolerance. However, mild withdrawal symptoms were observed during the 12 hours of ketum cessation such as runny nose, yawning, restlessness and axiety.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Abdul Rahim, Azlan
author_facet	Abdul Rahim, Azlan
author_sort	Abdul Rahim, Azlan
title	A Preliminary Study On Pain Tolerance And Withdrawal Symptoms Among Active Ketum (Mitragyna Speciosa) Users In Malaysia
title_short	A Preliminary Study On Pain Tolerance And Withdrawal Symptoms Among Active Ketum (Mitragyna Speciosa) Users In Malaysia
title_full	A Preliminary Study On Pain Tolerance And Withdrawal Symptoms Among Active Ketum (Mitragyna Speciosa) Users In Malaysia
title_fullStr	A Preliminary Study On Pain Tolerance And Withdrawal Symptoms Among Active Ketum (Mitragyna Speciosa) Users In Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	A Preliminary Study On Pain Tolerance And Withdrawal Symptoms Among Active Ketum (Mitragyna Speciosa) Users In Malaysia
title_sort	preliminary study on pain tolerance and withdrawal symptoms among active ketum (mitragyna speciosa) users in malaysia
granting_institution	Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut
granting_department	Pusat Penyelidikan Dadah dan Ubat-Ubatan
publishDate	2022
url	http://eprints.usm.my/59673/1/24%20Pages%20from%20AZLAN%20BIN%20ABDUL%20RAHIM%20-%20TESIS.pdf
_version_	1794024032217071616

A Preliminary Study On Pain Tolerance And Withdrawal Symptoms Among Active Ketum (Mitragyna Speciosa) Users In Malaysia

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