Characterization and mechanical properties of kenaf cellulose nanocrystal reinforced nanohybrid dental composite from agricultural biowaste

The innovation of nanocellulose as reinforcement filler in composites has attracted interest in various fields for development of new biomaterials. This study aims to characterize cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) extracted from kenaf as reinforcement filler in rice husk silica nanohybrid dental compo...

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Main Author:	Sheng, Su Bing
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	R Medicine RC31-1245 Internal medicine
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/59979/1/SU%20BING%20SHENG%20-%20FINAL%20THESIS%20P-SGM001821%28R%29%20-E.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.599792024-03-19T06:56:04Z Characterization and mechanical properties of kenaf cellulose nanocrystal reinforced nanohybrid dental composite from agricultural biowaste 2023-07 Sheng, Su Bing R Medicine RC31-1245 Internal medicine The innovation of nanocellulose as reinforcement filler in composites has attracted interest in various fields for development of new biomaterials. This study aims to characterize cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) extracted from kenaf as reinforcement filler in rice husk silica nanohybrid dental composite. The kenaf fiber reinforced composite was evaluated in terms of flexural and compressive strength. Features of fractured flexural samples were also investigated. Kenaf CNC was isolated from a series of chemical processes, then treated with γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ- MPS). Properties of CNC was characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experimental composite was fabricated with different fiber loading of 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%, 4wt%, 6wt% silane-treated kenaf CNC, which are K0, K1, K2, K3, K4, K6 respectively. Commercial composite of Filtek Z350XT(3M ESPE, USA), Neofil (Kerr Corporation, USA), and Ever-X Posterior (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were used as comparison. Seven composite specimens were prepared for each group (n=7) using stainless steel molds with dimensions 25mm x 2mm x 2mm bars and 6mm x 4mm cylinders for evaluation of flexural and compressive strength respectively. After light curing using a light cure unit (Elipar Deep Cure L, 3M, USA) for 40 seconds, specimens were tested using an Instron Universal Testing Machine (Shimadzu, Japan). SEM was used to examine fractured flexural samples. Average diameter of kenaf CNC under TEM was 6.31nm. FTIR results suggested adsorption of γ-MPS on kenaf CNC. TGA results did not show significant improvement in thermal properties. For flexural and compressive strength tests, one-way ANOVA showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between all groups. The incorporation of kenaf CNC (1wt%) into rice husk silica nanohybrid dental composite has shown slight improvement in mechanical properties. SEM analysis showed fibers as crack stoppers despite suboptimum interfacial adhesion. The results indicate that 1 wt% of kenaf CNC is optimum for reinforcement of rice husk silica nanohybrid dental composite. Excessive fiber content can result in decline in mechanical properties due to poor dispersion of fibers within composite. Kenaf CNC is a viable reinforcement co-filler at low concentrations and may be further studied to fully elicit its profound properties. 2023-07 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/59979/ http://eprints.usm.my/59979/1/SU%20BING%20SHENG%20-%20FINAL%20THESIS%20P-SGM001821%28R%29%20-E.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	R Medicine RC31-1245 Internal medicine
spellingShingle	R Medicine RC31-1245 Internal medicine Sheng, Su Bing Characterization and mechanical properties of kenaf cellulose nanocrystal reinforced nanohybrid dental composite from agricultural biowaste
description	The innovation of nanocellulose as reinforcement filler in composites has attracted interest in various fields for development of new biomaterials. This study aims to characterize cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) extracted from kenaf as reinforcement filler in rice husk silica nanohybrid dental composite. The kenaf fiber reinforced composite was evaluated in terms of flexural and compressive strength. Features of fractured flexural samples were also investigated. Kenaf CNC was isolated from a series of chemical processes, then treated with γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ- MPS). Properties of CNC was characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experimental composite was fabricated with different fiber loading of 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%, 4wt%, 6wt% silane-treated kenaf CNC, which are K0, K1, K2, K3, K4, K6 respectively. Commercial composite of Filtek Z350XT(3M ESPE, USA), Neofil (Kerr Corporation, USA), and Ever-X Posterior (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were used as comparison. Seven composite specimens were prepared for each group (n=7) using stainless steel molds with dimensions 25mm x 2mm x 2mm bars and 6mm x 4mm cylinders for evaluation of flexural and compressive strength respectively. After light curing using a light cure unit (Elipar Deep Cure L, 3M, USA) for 40 seconds, specimens were tested using an Instron Universal Testing Machine (Shimadzu, Japan). SEM was used to examine fractured flexural samples. Average diameter of kenaf CNC under TEM was 6.31nm. FTIR results suggested adsorption of γ-MPS on kenaf CNC. TGA results did not show significant improvement in thermal properties. For flexural and compressive strength tests, one-way ANOVA showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between all groups. The incorporation of kenaf CNC (1wt%) into rice husk silica nanohybrid dental composite has shown slight improvement in mechanical properties. SEM analysis showed fibers as crack stoppers despite suboptimum interfacial adhesion. The results indicate that 1 wt% of kenaf CNC is optimum for reinforcement of rice husk silica nanohybrid dental composite. Excessive fiber content can result in decline in mechanical properties due to poor dispersion of fibers within composite. Kenaf CNC is a viable reinforcement co-filler at low concentrations and may be further studied to fully elicit its profound properties.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Sheng, Su Bing
author_facet	Sheng, Su Bing
author_sort	Sheng, Su Bing
title	Characterization and mechanical properties of kenaf cellulose nanocrystal reinforced nanohybrid dental composite from agricultural biowaste
title_short	Characterization and mechanical properties of kenaf cellulose nanocrystal reinforced nanohybrid dental composite from agricultural biowaste
title_full	Characterization and mechanical properties of kenaf cellulose nanocrystal reinforced nanohybrid dental composite from agricultural biowaste
title_fullStr	Characterization and mechanical properties of kenaf cellulose nanocrystal reinforced nanohybrid dental composite from agricultural biowaste
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization and mechanical properties of kenaf cellulose nanocrystal reinforced nanohybrid dental composite from agricultural biowaste
title_sort	characterization and mechanical properties of kenaf cellulose nanocrystal reinforced nanohybrid dental composite from agricultural biowaste
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.usm.my/59979/1/SU%20BING%20SHENG%20-%20FINAL%20THESIS%20P-SGM001821%28R%29%20-E.pdf
_version_	1794024072501264384

Characterization and mechanical properties of kenaf cellulose nanocrystal reinforced nanohybrid dental composite from agricultural biowaste

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