Development Of Asarone-free Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pre-treatment And Studies On Their Stability, Cytotoxicity And Enzyme Inhibition

Piper sarmentosum Roxburgh is a herbaceous shrub with numerous pharmacological benefits. However, the presence of two toxic phenylpropanoids (α- and β-asarone) has limited the usage of the plant for medicinal purposes. The objectives of the present study include phytochemical analysis of supercritic...

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Main Author:	Hamil, Mohd Shahrul Ridzuan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	RS1-441 Pharmacy and materia medica
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/60639/1/MOHD%20SHAHRUL%20RIDZUAN%20BIN%20HAMIL%20-%20TESIS24.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.606392024-05-15T08:34:23Z Development Of Asarone-free Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pre-treatment And Studies On Their Stability, Cytotoxicity And Enzyme Inhibition 2023-09 Hamil, Mohd Shahrul Ridzuan RS1-441 Pharmacy and materia medica Piper sarmentosum Roxburgh is a herbaceous shrub with numerous pharmacological benefits. However, the presence of two toxic phenylpropanoids (α- and β-asarone) has limited the usage of the plant for medicinal purposes. The objectives of the present study include phytochemical analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extract, optimization of SC-CO2 for maximum removal of α-, β- and ɣ-asarone, comparative study between SC-CO2 pre-treated and untreated P. sarmentosum leaf extracts to evaluate their metabolites profiles, bioactivities and stability. The leaves of P. sarmentosum were extracted using SC-CO2 and conventional solvent maceration method to compare the efficiency of asarone extraction. Optimization of asarone extraction was conducted using the Box-Behnken experimental design. SC-CO2 residue was re-extracted using ethanol, 50% ethanol and water, and their chemical and biological profiles were compared with those of leaf material without SC-CO2 pre-treatment. SC-CO2 extraction selectively extracted α-, β- and ɣ-asarone with more than two folds compared to conventional solvent extraction method. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of SC-CO2 extract identified α-asarone (28.18%) as the major component in the extract, followed by γ-asarone (25.70%), phytol (9.66%), asaricin (11.20%) and vitamin E (4.85%). Optimized SC-CO2 condition to maximize the extraction of α-, β- and ɣ-asarone was obtained at pressure = 81.16 bar, temperature = 50.11°C and extraction time = 80.90 min. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the optimized method showed 13.91% α-asarone, 3.43% β-asarone and 14.95% ɣ-asarone, respectively. SC-CO2 residue of the leaves re-extracted with conventional solvents showed a significant decrease of asarone ranging from 45 to 100% (p<0.001) as compared to their counterpart without SC-CO2 treatment. α-, β- and ɣ-asarone were completely removed in the ethanol and 50% ethanol extracts of the residue, whereas the isomers were absent in water extract. 2023-09 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/60639/ http://eprints.usm.my/60639/1/MOHD%20SHAHRUL%20RIDZUAN%20BIN%20HAMIL%20-%20TESIS24.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	RS1-441 Pharmacy and materia medica
spellingShingle	RS1-441 Pharmacy and materia medica Hamil, Mohd Shahrul Ridzuan Development Of Asarone-free Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pre-treatment And Studies On Their Stability, Cytotoxicity And Enzyme Inhibition
description	Piper sarmentosum Roxburgh is a herbaceous shrub with numerous pharmacological benefits. However, the presence of two toxic phenylpropanoids (α- and β-asarone) has limited the usage of the plant for medicinal purposes. The objectives of the present study include phytochemical analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extract, optimization of SC-CO2 for maximum removal of α-, β- and ɣ-asarone, comparative study between SC-CO2 pre-treated and untreated P. sarmentosum leaf extracts to evaluate their metabolites profiles, bioactivities and stability. The leaves of P. sarmentosum were extracted using SC-CO2 and conventional solvent maceration method to compare the efficiency of asarone extraction. Optimization of asarone extraction was conducted using the Box-Behnken experimental design. SC-CO2 residue was re-extracted using ethanol, 50% ethanol and water, and their chemical and biological profiles were compared with those of leaf material without SC-CO2 pre-treatment. SC-CO2 extraction selectively extracted α-, β- and ɣ-asarone with more than two folds compared to conventional solvent extraction method. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of SC-CO2 extract identified α-asarone (28.18%) as the major component in the extract, followed by γ-asarone (25.70%), phytol (9.66%), asaricin (11.20%) and vitamin E (4.85%). Optimized SC-CO2 condition to maximize the extraction of α-, β- and ɣ-asarone was obtained at pressure = 81.16 bar, temperature = 50.11°C and extraction time = 80.90 min. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the optimized method showed 13.91% α-asarone, 3.43% β-asarone and 14.95% ɣ-asarone, respectively. SC-CO2 residue of the leaves re-extracted with conventional solvents showed a significant decrease of asarone ranging from 45 to 100% (p<0.001) as compared to their counterpart without SC-CO2 treatment. α-, β- and ɣ-asarone were completely removed in the ethanol and 50% ethanol extracts of the residue, whereas the isomers were absent in water extract.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Hamil, Mohd Shahrul Ridzuan
author_facet	Hamil, Mohd Shahrul Ridzuan
author_sort	Hamil, Mohd Shahrul Ridzuan
title	Development Of Asarone-free Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pre-treatment And Studies On Their Stability, Cytotoxicity And Enzyme Inhibition
title_short	Development Of Asarone-free Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pre-treatment And Studies On Their Stability, Cytotoxicity And Enzyme Inhibition
title_full	Development Of Asarone-free Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pre-treatment And Studies On Their Stability, Cytotoxicity And Enzyme Inhibition
title_fullStr	Development Of Asarone-free Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pre-treatment And Studies On Their Stability, Cytotoxicity And Enzyme Inhibition
title_full_unstemmed	Development Of Asarone-free Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pre-treatment And Studies On Their Stability, Cytotoxicity And Enzyme Inhibition
title_sort	development of asarone-free piper sarmentosum roxb. extracts using supercritical carbon dioxide pre-treatment and studies on their stability, cytotoxicity and enzyme inhibition
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.usm.my/60639/1/MOHD%20SHAHRUL%20RIDZUAN%20BIN%20HAMIL%20-%20TESIS24.pdf
_version_	1804888977687183360

Development Of Asarone-free Piper Sarmentosum Roxb. Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Pre-treatment And Studies On Their Stability, Cytotoxicity And Enzyme Inhibition

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