Development of CNT/SiO2 fillers reinforced polyester hybrid composites

With the progress of time, emphasis on friction and wear of polymer matrix composites is increasingly important. Modest attempt has been made to develop hybrid polymer composites reinforced micro- and nano- sized fillers. Silica (SiO₂) and carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCN...

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Main Author:	Chong, Meng Mun
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16881/1/Development%20Of%20CNT-%20SiO2%20Fillers%20Reinforced%20Polyester%20Hybrid%20Composites.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16881/2/Development%20of%20CNTSiO2%20fillers%20reinforced%20polyester%20hybrid%20composites.pdf
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id	my-utem-ep.16881
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection	UTeM Repository
language	English English
advisor	Ahsan, Qumrul Chang, Siang Yee
topic	T Technology (General) T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) T Technology (General) Chong, Meng Mun Development of CNT/SiO2 fillers reinforced polyester hybrid composites
description	With the progress of time, emphasis on friction and wear of polymer matrix composites is increasingly important. Modest attempt has been made to develop hybrid polymer composites reinforced micro- and nano- sized fillers. Silica (SiO₂) and carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH) are favored in friction and wear properties were added into polyester resin. This widely used micro filler, SiO₂ were maintained at 10 wt. % while nano filler, MWCNT-COOH were at 0.1 wt. %, 0.3 wt. % and 0.8 wt. %. Prior to the fabrication, ultrasonicator was used to assist the dispersion of SiO₂ and MWCNT-COOHinto unsaturated polyester resin. Elimination of voids was optimized by evacuation of the mixture in vacuum drying oven. Vacuum infusion technique was established to produce pin samples and resin casting method were applied to fabricate samples in rectangle size. Improvement of light weight properties was proven by measurement of density of each ready sample using densitometer. Investigation towards the stiffness and resistance to abrasion of the hybrid composites were performed by Vickers Hardness Test. The samples with only carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube at different loadings were investigated on the dispersion state by utilizing Transmission Electron Microscope. As received SiO₂ and MWCNT-COOH as well as dispersion state of ready samples were observed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. Spectrums were recorded by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared to identify the relevant bonding or structural changes which show interaction in between fillers and matrix material. Dynamic mechanical analysis was able to provide maximum service temperature, glass transition temperature and viscoelastic behavior of hybrid polyester composites prior to dry sliding test. Pin-on-disc testerwas used to reveal tribological properties of this material. Wear parameters were at sliding speeds of 1.6 m/s, 2.8 m/s and 4.0 m/s as well as applied loads of 5 N, 10 N and 20 N. Wear and friction process were investigated at sliding speed of 4.0 m/s and applied load of 20 N for 2 hours at sliding interval of 15 minutes. Observation of wear surfaces and wear particles has been made using scanning electron microscope. At the optimum loadings, UPR/SiO₂/0.8, agglomerates were observed which has led to further increase of specific wear rates. Interaction in between fillers and matrix had regulated the decrease in specific wear rate and coefficient of friction. Wear and friction of sample pins were protected by transfer film formed after dry sliding. Further sliding has led to detached of transfer or wear particles whether from wear surface of transfer film. Different types of wear particles were observed when types of fillers varied. Sharp and edges wear particles were found on sample with MWCNT-COOH added whereas rounded and least edges wear particles were found in sample with SiO₂ added. The development of this advanced material will give significant implications on application requiring light and low coefficient of friction.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Chong, Meng Mun
author_facet	Chong, Meng Mun
author_sort	Chong, Meng Mun
title	Development of CNT/SiO2 fillers reinforced polyester hybrid composites
title_short	Development of CNT/SiO2 fillers reinforced polyester hybrid composites
title_full	Development of CNT/SiO2 fillers reinforced polyester hybrid composites
title_fullStr	Development of CNT/SiO2 fillers reinforced polyester hybrid composites
title_full_unstemmed	Development of CNT/SiO2 fillers reinforced polyester hybrid composites
title_sort	development of cnt/sio2 fillers reinforced polyester hybrid composites
granting_institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department	Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16881/1/Development%20Of%20CNT-%20SiO2%20Fillers%20Reinforced%20Polyester%20Hybrid%20Composites.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16881/2/Development%20of%20CNTSiO2%20fillers%20reinforced%20polyester%20hybrid%20composites.pdf
_version_	1776103097751306240
spelling	my-utem-ep.168812023-05-09T15:31:43Z Development of CNT/SiO2 fillers reinforced polyester hybrid composites 2015 Chong, Meng Mun T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) With the progress of time, emphasis on friction and wear of polymer matrix composites is increasingly important. Modest attempt has been made to develop hybrid polymer composites reinforced micro- and nano- sized fillers. Silica (SiO₂) and carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH) are favored in friction and wear properties were added into polyester resin. This widely used micro filler, SiO₂ were maintained at 10 wt. % while nano filler, MWCNT-COOH were at 0.1 wt. %, 0.3 wt. % and 0.8 wt. %. Prior to the fabrication, ultrasonicator was used to assist the dispersion of SiO₂ and MWCNT-COOHinto unsaturated polyester resin. Elimination of voids was optimized by evacuation of the mixture in vacuum drying oven. Vacuum infusion technique was established to produce pin samples and resin casting method were applied to fabricate samples in rectangle size. Improvement of light weight properties was proven by measurement of density of each ready sample using densitometer. Investigation towards the stiffness and resistance to abrasion of the hybrid composites were performed by Vickers Hardness Test. The samples with only carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube at different loadings were investigated on the dispersion state by utilizing Transmission Electron Microscope. As received SiO₂ and MWCNT-COOH as well as dispersion state of ready samples were observed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. Spectrums were recorded by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared to identify the relevant bonding or structural changes which show interaction in between fillers and matrix material. Dynamic mechanical analysis was able to provide maximum service temperature, glass transition temperature and viscoelastic behavior of hybrid polyester composites prior to dry sliding test. Pin-on-disc testerwas used to reveal tribological properties of this material. Wear parameters were at sliding speeds of 1.6 m/s, 2.8 m/s and 4.0 m/s as well as applied loads of 5 N, 10 N and 20 N. Wear and friction process were investigated at sliding speed of 4.0 m/s and applied load of 20 N for 2 hours at sliding interval of 15 minutes. Observation of wear surfaces and wear particles has been made using scanning electron microscope. At the optimum loadings, UPR/SiO₂/0.8, agglomerates were observed which has led to further increase of specific wear rates. Interaction in between fillers and matrix had regulated the decrease in specific wear rate and coefficient of friction. Wear and friction of sample pins were protected by transfer film formed after dry sliding. Further sliding has led to detached of transfer or wear particles whether from wear surface of transfer film. Different types of wear particles were observed when types of fillers varied. Sharp and edges wear particles were found on sample with MWCNT-COOH added whereas rounded and least edges wear particles were found in sample with SiO₂ added. The development of this advanced material will give significant implications on application requiring light and low coefficient of friction. 2015 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16881/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16881/1/Development%20Of%20CNT-%20SiO2%20Fillers%20Reinforced%20Polyester%20Hybrid%20Composites.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16881/2/Development%20of%20CNTSiO2%20fillers%20reinforced%20polyester%20hybrid%20composites.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=96124 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering Ahsan, Qumrul Chang, Siang Yee 1. Agnihotri, P., Basu, S. and Kar, K.K., 2011. Effect of carbon nanotube length and density on the properties of carbon nanotube-coated carbon fiber/polyester composites. Carbon, 49(9), pp.3098–3106. 2. Ahir, S.V. and Terentjev, E.M., 2007. Polymers containing carbon nanotubes: Active Composite Materials. In Polymeric nanostructures and their applications, Cambridge: American Scientific Publishers. 3. American Society for Testing Materials, 2007. ASTM D7028-07e1 Standard Test Method for Glass Transition Temperature (DMA Tg) of Polymer Matrix Composites by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA).West Conshohocken: ASTM International. 4. American Society for Testing Materials, 2011. ASTM E 384-11e1 Standard Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials. West Conshohocken: ASTM International. 5. American Society for Testing Materials, 2010. ASTM G99-05(2010), Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus. West Conshohocken: ASTM International. 6. American Society for Testing Materials, 2013. ASTM E 1252-98(2013)e1, Standard Practices for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis.West Conshohocken: ASTM International. 7. American Society for Testing Materials, 2013. ASTM G40-13 Standard Terminology Relating To Wear And Erosion.West Conshohocken: ASTM International. 8. Azeredo, H.M.C. De, 2009. Nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Food Research International, 42(9), pp.1240–1253. 9. Battisti, A., Skordos, A. and Partridge, I.K., 2009. Monitoring dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a thermosetting polyester resin. Composites Science and Technology, 69(10), pp.1516–1520. 10. Betancourt, S., Cruz, L.J. and Toro, A., 2011. Effect of the addition of carbonaceous fibers on the tribological behavior of a phenolic resin sliding against cast iron. Wear, 272(1), pp.43–49. 11. Breton, Y., Salvetat, J.P., Delpeux, S., Sinturel, C., Béguin, F.and Bonnamy, S., 2004. Mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites: influence of network morphology. Carbon, 42(5-6), pp.1027–1030. 12. Bugnicourt, E., Galy, J., Barthel, H.and Gérard, J.F., 2007. 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Development of CNT/SiO2 fillers reinforced polyester hybrid composites

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