Modeling, Simulation And Feasibility Study Of The Parabolic Dish System Under Malaysia Environment

The primilarily aim of this research is to carry out the fundamental investigation of the performance and feasibility of solar CSP, focusing on Parabolic Dish (PD) type in Malaysia environment. Three main components of the PD system that is under consideration, consists of the concentrator, the rece...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Affandi, Rosnani
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2016
Subjects:
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/18522/1/Modeling%2C%20Simulation%20And%20Feasibility%20Study%20Of%20The%20Parabolic%20Dish%20System%20Under%20Malaysia%20Environment%2024%20Pages.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/18522/2/Modeling%2C%20Simulation%20And%20Feasibility%20Study%20Of%20The%20Parabolic%20Dish%20System%20Under%20Malaysia%20Environment.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-utem-ep.18522
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection UTeM Repository
language English
English
advisor Ab Ghani, Mohd Ruddin

topic T Technology (General)
T Technology (General)
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
T Technology (General)
Affandi, Rosnani
Modeling, Simulation And Feasibility Study Of The Parabolic Dish System Under Malaysia Environment
description The primilarily aim of this research is to carry out the fundamental investigation of the performance and feasibility of solar CSP, focusing on Parabolic Dish (PD) type in Malaysia environment. Three main components of the PD system that is under consideration, consists of the concentrator, the receiver, and the Stirling engine. By using a simulation approach and Matlab Simulink as the simulation tool; a background of the PD system is provided, along with a detailed description of the components model. Meanwhile, the performance for the three main components in PD system, is examined under three solar irradiance conditions that are low, medium and high. Besides that, the geometric design for the concentrator and receiver as well as the site location for this study is given through emphasis. Therefore, concentrator in PD system use reflective material with high efficiency to increase the PD concentrator efficiency, choose high value for the intercept factor to reduce loss for the solar intercept by the receiver and select a site with excellent solar irradiation in order to achieve high efficiency and as a result can produce high output power. Thus, by considering the highest Direct Solar Irradiance (DNI) and based on regions, five sites or locations has been chosen for this study. The site or locations with highest DNI in Malaysia are George Town at the Northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Meanwhile, other locations are Subang in central of Peninsular Malaysia, Kuantan on the east coast of peninsular Malaysia, Senai in the Southern part of peninsular Malaysia and Kuching located in East Malaysia. To accomplish the research objectives, the performance of the PD system under Malaysia environment and the output from each of the main components were analyzed. In addition, the feasibility study in terms of technical and economic are thoroughly investigated. This includes defining the characteristics and constraints, as well as the overall system performance in monetary term. The PD system are considered feasible if the PD system reaches 54,750 kW of yearly output power, capacity factor reach the value around 25 – 28% and the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) lies between RM1.72/kWh and RM 0.7522/kWh. However, the result of this research has shown that the system is technically feasible but not economically feasible. T he yearly output power, the annual energy and the capacity factor shows that the PD system in Malaysia are not capable of meeting the demand reliably. Thus, the new developed model for the 25kW PD system and the finding of this research can provide useful information for Malaysia regulators on the potential of CSP development in Malaysia or in other equator region countries.
format Thesis
qualification_name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level Doctorate
author Affandi, Rosnani
author_facet Affandi, Rosnani
author_sort Affandi, Rosnani
title Modeling, Simulation And Feasibility Study Of The Parabolic Dish System Under Malaysia Environment
title_short Modeling, Simulation And Feasibility Study Of The Parabolic Dish System Under Malaysia Environment
title_full Modeling, Simulation And Feasibility Study Of The Parabolic Dish System Under Malaysia Environment
title_fullStr Modeling, Simulation And Feasibility Study Of The Parabolic Dish System Under Malaysia Environment
title_full_unstemmed Modeling, Simulation And Feasibility Study Of The Parabolic Dish System Under Malaysia Environment
title_sort modeling, simulation and feasibility study of the parabolic dish system under malaysia environment
granting_institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department Faculty of Electrical Engineering
publishDate 2016
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/18522/1/Modeling%2C%20Simulation%20And%20Feasibility%20Study%20Of%20The%20Parabolic%20Dish%20System%20Under%20Malaysia%20Environment%2024%20Pages.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/18522/2/Modeling%2C%20Simulation%20And%20Feasibility%20Study%20Of%20The%20Parabolic%20Dish%20System%20Under%20Malaysia%20Environment.pdf
_version_ 1747833931975098368
spelling my-utem-ep.185222021-10-08T13:39:31Z Modeling, Simulation And Feasibility Study Of The Parabolic Dish System Under Malaysia Environment 2016 Affandi, Rosnani T Technology (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering The primilarily aim of this research is to carry out the fundamental investigation of the performance and feasibility of solar CSP, focusing on Parabolic Dish (PD) type in Malaysia environment. Three main components of the PD system that is under consideration, consists of the concentrator, the receiver, and the Stirling engine. By using a simulation approach and Matlab Simulink as the simulation tool; a background of the PD system is provided, along with a detailed description of the components model. Meanwhile, the performance for the three main components in PD system, is examined under three solar irradiance conditions that are low, medium and high. Besides that, the geometric design for the concentrator and receiver as well as the site location for this study is given through emphasis. Therefore, concentrator in PD system use reflective material with high efficiency to increase the PD concentrator efficiency, choose high value for the intercept factor to reduce loss for the solar intercept by the receiver and select a site with excellent solar irradiation in order to achieve high efficiency and as a result can produce high output power. Thus, by considering the highest Direct Solar Irradiance (DNI) and based on regions, five sites or locations has been chosen for this study. The site or locations with highest DNI in Malaysia are George Town at the Northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Meanwhile, other locations are Subang in central of Peninsular Malaysia, Kuantan on the east coast of peninsular Malaysia, Senai in the Southern part of peninsular Malaysia and Kuching located in East Malaysia. To accomplish the research objectives, the performance of the PD system under Malaysia environment and the output from each of the main components were analyzed. In addition, the feasibility study in terms of technical and economic are thoroughly investigated. This includes defining the characteristics and constraints, as well as the overall system performance in monetary term. The PD system are considered feasible if the PD system reaches 54,750 kW of yearly output power, capacity factor reach the value around 25 – 28% and the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) lies between RM1.72/kWh and RM 0.7522/kWh. However, the result of this research has shown that the system is technically feasible but not economically feasible. T he yearly output power, the annual energy and the capacity factor shows that the PD system in Malaysia are not capable of meeting the demand reliably. Thus, the new developed model for the 25kW PD system and the finding of this research can provide useful information for Malaysia regulators on the potential of CSP development in Malaysia or in other equator region countries. UTeM 2016 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/18522/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/18522/1/Modeling%2C%20Simulation%20And%20Feasibility%20Study%20Of%20The%20Parabolic%20Dish%20System%20Under%20Malaysia%20Environment%2024%20Pages.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/18522/2/Modeling%2C%20Simulation%20And%20Feasibility%20Study%20Of%20The%20Parabolic%20Dish%20System%20Under%20Malaysia%20Environment.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=100377 phd doctoral Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty of Electrical Engineering Ab Ghani, Mohd Ruddin 1. Abbas, M., Boumeddane, B., Said, N., and Chikouche, A., 2011. Dish Stirling technology: A 100 MW solar power plant using hydrogen for Algeria. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36(7), 4305–4314. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.12.114 2. Abbas, M., and Merzouk, N. K., 2012. Techno economic study of solar thermal power plants for centralized electricity generation in Algeria. In 2012 2nd International Symposium On Environment Friendly Energies And Applications, pp. 179–183. IEEE. http://doi.org/10.1109/EFEA.2012.6294067 3. Affandi, R., Ruddin, M., Ghani, A., and Gan, C. K., 2013. A Review of Concentrating Solar Power ( CSP ) In Malaysian Environment. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 3(2), pp. 378–382. 4. Ahmad, S., Shafie, S., Zainal, M., and Ab, A., 2012. A High Power Generation , Low Power Consumption Solar Tracker. In IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), pp. 2–5. 5. Ahmed, S., Jaber, A., Dixon, R., Eckhart, M., Thompson, G., and Hales, D. (2012). REN21. 2012. Renewables 2012 Global Status Report. 6. Aker, R., 2012. Investigation of feasibility for an inverter-controlled variable speed drive in a stirling CSP application. 7. Alamdari, P., Nematollahi, O., and Alemrajabi, A. A. (2013). Solar energy potentials in Iran: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21, pp. 778–788. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.052 8. Aliman, O., and Daut, I., 2007. Rotation-Elevation to Concentration. In Power Engineering Journal, pp. 551–555. 9. Alsharkawi, A., and Rossiter, J. A., 2015. Distributed Collector System : Modelling , Control and Optimal Performance Key words. In International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’15,) pp. 1–6. 10. Arnone, A., Banoni, V., Fondeur, M., Hodge, A., Offner, J. P., Phillips, J., and Berry, R. S. 2009. The Place of Solar Power : An Economic Analysis of Concentrated and Distributed Solar Power. Energy and Energy Policy. 11. Arulkumaran, M., and Christraj, W., 2012. Experimental Analysis of Non Tracking Solar Parabolic Dish Concentrating System for Steam Generation. Engineering Journal, 16(2), pp.53–60. http://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2012.16.2.53 12. Arvizu, Balaya, P., Cabeza, L., Hollands, T., Kondo, M., Konseibo, C., and Hansen, G., 2011. Direct Solar Energy. United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 13. Azhari, A. Y. U. W., Sopian, K., and Zaharim, A., 2008. A New Approach For Predicting Solar Radiation In Tropical Environment Using Satellite Images – Case Study Of Malaysia, 4(4), pp.373–378. 14. Bakar, R. a., 2010. Development Assessment of Solar Concentrating Power. In National Conference in Mechanical Engineering Research and Postgraduate Students (1st NCMER 2010), pp. 442–456. 15. Bakar, R. A., 2013. Self Sustainable and Renewable Concentrating Solar Thermal ( CST ) – Electric Power Generation Unit for All Purpose Utilisation. 16. Bakos, G. C., and Antoniades, C., 2013. Techno-economic appraisal of a dish/stirling solar power plant in Greece based on an innovative solar concentrator formed by elastic film. Renewable Energy, 60, 446–453. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.05.031 17. Balaya, P., Cabeza, L., Hollands, T., Kondo, M., Konseibo, C., and Meleshko., 2012. Direct Solar Energy, pp. 333–400. 18. Banoni, V. A., Arnone, A., Fondeur, M., Hodge, A., Offner, J. P., and Phillips, J. K., 2012. The place of solar power: an economic analysis of concentrated and distributed solar power. Chemistry Central Journal, 6 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), S6. http://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-6-S1-S6 19. Blair, N., Mehos, M., and Christensen, C., 2008. Sensitivity Of Concentrating Solar Power Trough Performance , Cost , And Financing With The Solar Advisor Model. In Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, pp. 4–7. 20. BP Energy Outlook 2030., 2012. London, UK. 21. Burrett, R., Dixon, R., Eckhart, M., Hales, D., and Kloke-lesch, A., 2009. Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century REN21 Steering Committee. 22. Chong, K., and Wong, C., 2010. General Formula for On-Axis. In Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications, pp. 264–292. Sciyo. 23. Clifton, J., and Boruff, B. J., 2010. Assessing the potential for concentrated solar power development in rural Australia. Energy Policy, 38(9), pp. 5272–5280. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.05.036 24. Concentrating Solar Power : Technologies , Cost , and Performance., 2012. In SunShot Vision study, pp. 97–121. 25. Connor, A. S. O., 2010. The Feasibility of Grid Connected Solar Dish Stirling Generators within the South West Interconnected System of Western Australia. 26. Desideri, U., and Elia, P., 2014. Analysis and comparison between a concentrating solar and a photovoltaic power plant. Applied Energy, 113, pp. 422–433. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.07.046 27. Dunn, R. I., Hearps, P. J., and Wright, M. N., 2012. Molten-Salt Power Towers: Newly Commercial Concentrating Solar Storage. In Proceedings of the IEEE (Vol. 100, pp. 504–515). http://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2011.2163739 28. Economic Transformation Programme : Oil, Gas and Energy., 2010.\ 29. Ehsan, S., Abdul, M., and Aghili, N., 2013. The scenario of greenhouse gases reduction in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28(December 1997), pp. 400–409. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.045 30. Energy, N. R., 2012. Grid parity solar : CSP gains on PV. CSP Today USA 2012, pp.3–5. 31. Esmeralda, L., Moreno, G., and Innogy, R. W. E. (2011). Concentrated Solar Power ( CSP ) in DESERTEC – Analysis of Technologies to Secure and Affordable Energy Supply. In IEEE International Conference, pp. 923–926. 32. Fraser, P. R., 2008. Stirling Dish System Performance Prediction Model. 33. Gastli, A., and Charabi, Y., 2010. Solar electricity prospects in Oman using GIS-based solar radiation maps. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(2), pp. 790–797. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.08.018 34. Gerrit Koll, P. Schwarzbozi, K. Hennecke, T. Hartz, M. Schmitz, B. H., 2010. SolarTower Juelich a research and demonstration plant for central receiver systems. In ISES world congress, pp. 1749 –1753. 35. Hearps, P., Mcconnell, D., and Sandiford, M., 2011. Renewable Energy Technology Cost Review. 36. Hinkley, J., Curtin, B., Hayward, J., Csiro, A. W., Boyd, R., Grima, C., and Wonhas, A., 2011. Concentrating solar power – drivers and opportunities for cost-competitive electricity. Retrieved from www.csiro.au 37. Hinkley, J. T., Hayward, J. a., Curtin, B., Wonhas, A., Boyd, R., Grima, C., and Naicker, K., 2013. An analysis of the costs and opportunities for concentrating solar power in Australia. Renewable Energy, 57, 653–661. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.02.020 38. Hoeven, M. Van der., 2012. CO2 Emissions From Fuel Combustion Highlights (2012 Edition). Paris. Retrieved from www.iea.org 39. Howard, D. F., 2010. Modeling , Simulation , And Analysis Of Grid Connected Dish-Stirling Solar Power Plants. Georgia Institute of Technology. 40. Howard, D., and Harley, R. G., 2010. Modeling of Dish-Stirling Solar Thermal Power Generation. In Proc. 2010 IEEE PES General Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp. 1–7. 41. Hussin, M. Z., Hamid, M. H. A., Zain, Z. M., and Rahman, R. A., 2010. An Evaluation Data of Solar Irradiation and Dry Bulb Temperature at Subang under Malaysian Climate. IEEE Control and Sytem, pp.55–60. 42. Hwang, J. J., 2010. Promotional policy for renewable energy development in Taiwan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(3), pp. 1079–1087. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.029 43. IRENA., 2012. Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series (Vol. 1). 44. Jacobs, D. des. D., 2010. FIT for MALAYSIA Assessment of the proposed Malaysian feed-in tariff in com- parison with international best practise. 45. James Baker, T. S., and Todd Meyer, C. T., 200). Stirling Solar Engine Design Report. 46. Janjai, S., Laksanaboonsong, J., and Seesaard, T., 201). Potential application of concentrating solar power systems for the generation of electricity in Thailand. Applied Energy, 88(12), 4960–4967. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.06.044 47. Jayakumar., 2009. Resource Assessment Handbook Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology. 48. Kaddour, A., and Benyoucef, B., 2012a. Simulation and Modelization of Parabolic Solar Concentrator. Earth Science and Climate Change, 3(2), pp. 3–5. http://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000113 49. Kaddour, A., and Benyoucef, B., 2012b. Simulation of Dish Stirling Solar Concentrator by Greenius Software. Electric and Electronic, 1(3), pp. 101–103. http://doi.org/10.4172/2167-101X.1000103 50. Kadir, M. Z. A. A., and Rafeeu, Y., 201). A review on factors for maximizing solar fraction under wet climate environment in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(8), pp. 2243–2248. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.04.009 51. Kalogirou, S. a., 2004. Solar thermal collectors and applications. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 30(3), pp. 231–295. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2004.02.001 52. Kaplani, G. M., Raiford, M., and Jali, R., 1985. Understanding Solar Concentrators. Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA). 53. Karakosta, C. Pappas, J. P., 2011. Prospects of concentrating solar power to deliver key energy services in a developing country. IJEE, 2(5), pp. 771–782. 54. Key World Energy Statistics 2012., 2012. Paris Cedex 15, France. Retrieved from www.iea.org/statistics/. 55. Kim, J., Kang, Y., Lee, S., Yoon, H., Yu, C., Kim, J., and Jo, D., 2007. Operation Results of Dish-Stirling Solar Power System. In ISES Solar World Congress 2007 : Solar Energy and Human Settlement, pp. 1854–1857. 56. Kreith, F., and Meyer, R. T., 1982. Solarthermal Conversion. Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society, (November). 57. Kribus, A., 2002. Thermal Integral Micro-Generation Systems for Solar and Conventional Use. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 124(2), 189. http://doi.org/10.1115/1.1464879 58. Kruger, D., Pitz-paal, R., and Rietbrock, P., 2003. Comparative assessment of solar concentrator materials. Solar Energy, 74(2), pp. 149–155. 59. Kulichenko, N. and J. W., 2012. Concentrating Solar Power in Developing Countries Regulatory and Financial Incentives for Scaling Up. Washington, DC: The World Bank. http://doi.org/10.1596 60. Kumar, N., and Chauhan, S. R., 2013. Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel from different origins: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21, 633–658. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.006 61. Lau, C. Y., Gan, C. K., and Tan, P. H., 2014. Evaluation Of Solar Photovoltaic Levelized Cost Of Energy For Pv Grid Parity Analysis In Malaysia. International Journal of Renewable Energy Resources, 4, pp. 28–34. 62. Li, M., and Dong, J., 2012. Modeling and Simulation of Solar Dish-Stirling Systems. In 2012 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, pp. 1–7. IEEE. http://doi.org/10.1109/APPEEC.2012.6307165 63. Li, X., Wang, Z., and Yu, J., 2009. The Power Performance Experiment Of Dish-Stirling Solar Thermal Power System. In Proceeding of ISES world congress, pp. 1858–1862. 64. Liu, Q., Yu, G., and Liu, J. J., 2009. Solar Radiation as Large-Scale Resource for Energy-Short World. Energy and Environment. http://doi.org/10.1260/095830509788066466 65. Lovegrove, K., Burgess, G., and Pye, J., 2011. A new 500m2 paraboloidal dish solar concentrator. Solar Energy, 85(4), pp. 620–626. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.01.009 66. Lu, Q., 2012. Cosmic Rays , CFCs , Ozone Hole and Global Climate Change : Understandings from a Physicist, pp. 1–34. 67. Machinda, S Chowdhury, S P Chowdhury, S. K. and R. A., 2011. Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Technologies : A Review. In IEEE Conference Publications, pp. 1–6. India. 68. Madaeni, S. H., Sioshansi, R., and Denholm, P., 2012. How Thermal Energy Storage Enhances the Economic Viability of Concentrating Solar Power. Proceedings of the IEEE, 100(2), pp. 335–347. http://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2011.2144950 69. Mason, S., 2011. World Wide Overview Of Concentrating Solar Thermal Simulation Tools. In Solar2011, the 49th AuSES Annual Conference, pp. 1–18. 70. Meenakshi, R., 2013. Study And Analysis of Full Order Asynchronous Generator in Matlab-Simulink Environment, pp. 160–166. 71. Mehdi Zareian Jahromi, M. M. H. B. and R. F., 2011. simulation of a stirling engine solar power generation system using Simulink. In IEEE International Conference, pp. 695–700. 72. Mekhilef, S., Safari, a., Mustaffa, W. E. S., Saidur, R., Omar, R., and Younis, M. a. a., 2012. Solar energy in Malaysia: Current state and prospects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(1), pp. 386–396. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.08.003 73. Mendoza, S., 2012. WREF 2012 : Modeling Generation Systems From Using Solar Stirling Engines Parabolic Dishes ( Solar / Dish ), pp. 1–8. 74. Mohamed, F. M., Jassim, A. S., Mahmood, Y. H., and Ahmed, M. A. K., 2012. Design and Study of Portable Solar Dish Concentrator. International Journal of Recent Research and Review, III(September), pp. 52–59. 75. Mohd Shahidan Shaari, N. E. H. and M. S. I., 2013. Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth : Empirical Evidence for Malaysia. Business Systems Review, 2(1). http://doi.org/10.7350/BSR.B02.2013 76. Mourtada, A., 2012. CSP Potential in Lebanon. In Renewable Energies For Developing Countries (REDC), pp. 1–6. 77. Muhammad-sukki, F., Ramirez-iniguez, R., Mcmeekin, S. G., Stewart, B. G., and Clive, B., 2010. Solar Concentrators. International Journal of Applied Sciences (IJAS), 1(1), pp. 1–15. 78. Mukhopadhyay, S., and Ghosh, S., 2013. Energetic And Exergetic Performance Evaluation Of A Solar Dish Based Dual Receiver Combined Cycle. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 3(3), pp. 234–243. 79. N.Benz., 2010. CSP Cost Roadmap. 80. Naddaf, N., 2012. Stirling engine cycle efficiency. 81. Nair, N. L., and Ford, J. L., 2012. Evaluation of Solar and Meteorological Data Relevant to Solar Energy Technology Performance in Malaysia. Sustainable Energy and Environment, 3, pp. 115–124. 82. Ng, K. M., Adam, N. M., Azmi, B. Z., Wahab, M. A., Sulaiman, M. Y., Suria, U., and Ikram-uniten, J., 2012. Field Study of Solar Bowl Under Malaysian Tropical Climate. WSEAS Transsactions on Environment and Development, 8(2), pp. 48–59. 83. Ngo, L. C., 2011. Exergetic Analysis and Optimisation of a Parabolic Dish Collector for Low Power Application. 84. Noor, N., and Muneer, S., 2009. Concentrating Solar Power ( CSP ) and Its Prospect in Bangladesh. In IEEE CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS, pp. 1–5. 85. Nostell, P., and Roos, A., 1998. Ageing of solar booster reflector materials. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 54, pp. 235–246. 86. Olivier, G. Maenhout, J. P., 2012. Trends in global co 2 emissions 2012. 87. Peiyao, Y., Laishun, Y., Yuhua, L., Qiuya, N., and Jianzhong, T., 2007. Development of the Experimental Bench for A Research on Solar-Dish. In ISES Solar World Congress 2007: Solar Energy and Human Settlement, pp. 1785–1790. 88. Pietzcker, R., Manger, S., Bauer, N., and Luderer, G., 2010. The Role of Concentrating Solar Power and Photovoltaics for Climate Protection. In 10th IAEE European Conference Vienna. 89. Pitz-Paal, R., Amin, A., Bettzüge, M., Eames, P., Fabrizi, F., Flamant, G., and Wagner, H.-J., 2012. Concentrating solar power in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: achieving its potential. EDP Sciences, 33, 03004. http://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20123303004 90. Price, H. W., and Carpenter, S., 1999. The Potential for Low-Cost Concentrating Solar Power Systems Preprint prepared for IECEC. In Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, pp. 1–8. 91. Quaschning, V., 2004. Technical and economical system comparison of photovoltaic and concentrating solar thermal power systems depending on annual global irradiation. Solar Energy, 77(2), pp. 171–178. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.04.011 92. Rafeeu, Y., and Kadir, M. Z. A. A., 2012. Thermal performance of parabolic concentrators under Malaysian environment : A case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 3826–3835. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.041 93. Reddy, K. S., and Veershetty, G., 2013. Viability analysis of solar parabolic dish stand-alone power plant for Indian conditions. Applied Energy, 102, pp. 908–922. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.09.034 94. Rijanto, E., Aiman, S., and Santoso, A., 2013. Development of CSP Plants in Wallacea Region: Solar Intensity Resource Assessment and CSP Plant Design Specification. Energy Procedia, 32, 232–241. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.030 95. Saidura, M.A. Sattara, H.H. Masjukia, S. Ahmedb, U. H., 2007. An estimation of the energy and exergy efficiencies for the energy.pdf. Energy Policy, 35(8), pp. 4018–4026. 96. Sembiring, M., Napitupulu, F., Albar, A. F., and Husein, M. N. El., 2007. A Stainless Steel Parabolic. In ICEE, pp. 45–49. 97. Sergio Bittanti, Antonio De Marco’, Marcello Farina, S. S., 2005. Modelling And Simulation Of A Dish Stirling. International Federation of Automatic Control. 98. Silvano Vergura, V. D. F., 2012. Matlab based Model of 40-MW Concentrating Solar Power Plant. In Renewable Energies and Power Quality. 99. Simbolotti, G., 2013. Concentrating Solar Power. Retrieved from www.estap.org-www.irena.org 100. Singh, B., Tan, L., Ezriq, Z., and Narayana, P. A. A., 2012. Small Parabolic Solar Cooker for Rural Communities in Malaysia. In IEEE Conference Publications, pp. 2–5. 101. Skaria, S., Jeyaprabha, S. B., and Nadu, T., 2013. Design and Simulation of Solar Thermal Energy System to drive RO Desalination Plant. IJERT, 2(2), pp. 1–8. 102. Smith, K. A., Sullivan, J. O., Vincent, K. R., Barden, J. L., Martin, P. D., Mellish, C. M. L., and Murphy, E. B. T., 2011. International Energy Outlook 2011. 103. Snyman, H., 2008. Design analysis methods for Stirling engines. Journal of Energy, 19(3), pp. 4–19. 104. Solangi, K. H., Hossain, M. S., Saidur, R., and Fayaz, H., 2011. Development of Solar Energy and Present Policies in Malaysia. In IEEE First Conference on Clean Energy and Technology CE,pp. 115–120. 105. Stoffel, T., Renné, D., Myers, D., and Wilcox, S., 2010a. Concentrating Solar Power Best Practices Handbook for the Collection and Use of Solar Resource Data. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 106. Stoffel, T., Renné, D., Myers, D., and Wilcox, S., 2010b. Concentrating Solar Power Best Practices Handbook for the Collection and Use of Solar Resource Data. Colorado 80401. Retrieved from www.nrel.gov 107. Sulaiman, F., Abdullah, N., Singh, B., and Singh, M., 2012. A Simulated Design and Analysis of a Solar Thermal Parabolic Trough Concentrator. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, pp.99–103. 108. Thombare, D. G., and Verma, S. K., 2008. Technological development in the Stirling cycle engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(1), pp. 1–38. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.001 109. Timoumi, Y., and Nasrallah, S. Ben., 2008. Analysis and design consideration of mean temperature differential Stirling engine for solar application. Renewable Energy, 33, pp. 1911–1921. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2007.09.024 110. Trainer, T., 2013. Limits to solar thermal energy set by intermittency and low DNI: Implications from meteorological data. Energy Policy, (2011), pp. 1–8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.065 111. Trieb, F., Langniβ, O., and Klaiβ, H., 1997. Solar electricity generation—A comparative view of technologies, costs and environmental impact. Solar Energy. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(97)80946-2 112. Trieb, F., Schillings, C., Sullivan, M. O., and Hoyer-klick, C., 2009. Global Potential of Concentrating Solar Power. In SolarPACES 2009. 113. Ullah, I., Rasul, M. G., Sohail, A., Islam, M., and Ibrar, M., 2013. Feasibility of a Solar Thermal Power Plant in Pakistan. http://doi.org/10.5772/55488 114. Vergura, S., and Lameira, V., 2011. Technical-Financial Comparison Between a PV Plant and a CSP Plant. Revista Eletrônica Sistemas and Gestão, 6(2), pp. 210–220. http://doi.org/10.7177/sg.2011.v6.n2.a9 115. Viebahn, P., Lechon, Y., and Trieb, F., 2011. The potential role of concentrated solar power (CSP) in Africa and Europe—A dynamic assessment of technology development, cost development and life cycle inventories until 2050. Energy Policy, 39(8), pp. 4420–4430. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.09.026 116. Voorthuysen, E. H. d. M. van., 2006. The promising perspective of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP). Power Engineering Journal, 9(4), 175. http://doi.org/10.1049/pe:19950404 117. Wagner, P. S. and L., 2009. CSP : Concentrated Solar Power. 118. Wang, Z., 2007. The Experimental Analysis On Thermal Performance. In ISES Solar World Congress, pp. 643–650. 119. William B. Stine, R. B. D., 1994. A Compedium of Solar/ Dish Stirling Technology. 120. Yousif, B. F., Al-shalabi, A., and Rilling, D. G., 2011. On Integration of Mirror Collector and Stirling Engine for Solar Power System. In H. Gökçekus, U. Türker, and J. W. LaMoreaux (Eds.), Survival and sustainability, Environmental Earth Sciences, pp. 521–531. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95991-5 121. Zhang, H. L., Baeyens, J., Degrève, J., and Cacères, G., 2013. Concentrated solar power plants: Review and design methodology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, pp. 466–481. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.032 122. Zhaoguang, H. U., Jinghong, Z., Xiandong, T. A. N., Quan, W. E. N., Minjie, X. U., and Baoguo, S., 2010. A low-carbon electricity model: Integrated Resource Strategic Planning and its application. IEEE PES General Meeting, pp. 1–7. http://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5589971