Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes For Efficiency Enhancement Used Of Nitrogenous Fertilizer In Paddy

Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes For Efficiency Enhancement Used Of Nitrogenous Fertilizer In Paddy

The efficient use of urea fertilizer (UF) as an important nitrogen (N) source in the rice production has been a concern. The main problem is significant amount of the N fertilizer is lost during the year of application. Various studies that had adequately addressed the issue by using UF, which conta...

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Main Author: Mohamad Yatim, Norazlina
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Language:English
English
Published: 2016
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T Technology (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20513/1/Functionalized%20Multiwall%20Carbon%20Nanotubes%20For%20Efficiency%20Enhancement%20Used%20Of%20Nitrogenous%20Fertilizer%20In%20Paddy.pdf
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Mohamad Yatim, Norazlina
Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes For Efficiency Enhancement Used Of Nitrogenous Fertilizer In Paddy
description The efficient use of urea fertilizer (UF) as an important nitrogen (N) source in the rice production has been a concern. The main problem is significant amount of the N fertilizer is lost during the year of application. Various studies that had adequately addressed the issue by using UF, which contains high amounts of N (47%) have so far had little success. Nanotechnology advancements in nutrition strategies involving multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have attempted to provide solutions for N losses and low N use efficiency (NUE) by plants. However, agglomerates of MWCNTs limit their efficient mobility properties. Since a high degree of MWCNTs functionalization would lead to separation of nanotubes bundle, advanced N Nano-carrier is developed based on f-MWCNTs grafted with UF to produce urea-MWCNTs (UF-MWCNTs) for enhancing the nitrogen uptake (NU) and NUE. The grafted N can be absorbed and utilized by rice efficiently to overcome the N propensity for loss from soil‐plant systems when UFMWCNTs are applied as fertilizer. Screening process parameters were structured via Plackett Burman experimental design of experiment involving nine identified factors, which were the amount of MWCNTs, percentage of functionalization, stirring time, stirring temperature, agitation, sonication frequency, sonication temperature, sonication time and amount of ammonium chloride with corresponding response of Total N attached on the surface of MWCNTs. As a result, functionalization and amount of MWCNTs used were found to be the most significant factors and chosen for further optimization processes. Analyses were structured via the Response Surface Methodology based on a five-level Central Composite Design consisting of f-MWCNTs amount between 0.10–0.60wt% and functionalization reflux time varying from 12-24hrs as the design factors. The individual and interaction effects between the specified factors and the corresponding responses (NUE, NU) were investigated. The UF-MWCNTs with optimized 0.5wt% f-MWCNTs treated at 21hrs functionalization reflux time achieved tremendous NUE up to 96% and NU at 1180mg/pot. A significant model term (p-value < 0.05) for NUE and NU responses were confirmed by the ANOVA of two quadratic models. Homogeneous dispersion with non-agglomerate features was observed on UF-MWCNTs via FESEM and TEM. Direct evidence regarding the physical translocation of biodegraded f-MWCNTs through phospholipid bilayers into plant roots involving soil-plant interaction via mass flow route and direct penetration into the subcellular region of the plant cells were revealed via TEM imaging investigation. Surface functionalization was strongly suggested to have a bigger effect on the translocation of f-MWCNTs than the size factor. The chemical changes were monitored by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Hence, this UF-MWCNTs approach provides a promising strategy in enhancing plant nutrition for rice.
format Thesis
qualification_name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level Doctorate
author Mohamad Yatim, Norazlina
author_facet Mohamad Yatim, Norazlina
author_sort Mohamad Yatim, Norazlina
title Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes For Efficiency Enhancement Used Of Nitrogenous Fertilizer In Paddy
title_short Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes For Efficiency Enhancement Used Of Nitrogenous Fertilizer In Paddy
title_full Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes For Efficiency Enhancement Used Of Nitrogenous Fertilizer In Paddy
title_fullStr Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes For Efficiency Enhancement Used Of Nitrogenous Fertilizer In Paddy
title_full_unstemmed Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes For Efficiency Enhancement Used Of Nitrogenous Fertilizer In Paddy
title_sort functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes for efficiency enhancement used of nitrogenous fertilizer in paddy
granting_institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering
publishDate 2016
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20513/1/Functionalized%20Multiwall%20Carbon%20Nanotubes%20For%20Efficiency%20Enhancement%20Used%20Of%20Nitrogenous%20Fertilizer%20In%20Paddy.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20513/2/Functionalized%20Multiwalled%20Carbon%20Nanotubes%20For%20Efficiency%20Enhancement%20Used%20Of%20Nitrogenous%20Fertilizer%20In%20Paddy.pdf
_version_ 1747833972262436864
spelling my-utem-ep.205132021-10-10T22:49:37Z Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes For Efficiency Enhancement Used Of Nitrogenous Fertilizer In Paddy 2016 Mohamad Yatim, Norazlina T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) The efficient use of urea fertilizer (UF) as an important nitrogen (N) source in the rice production has been a concern. The main problem is significant amount of the N fertilizer is lost during the year of application. Various studies that had adequately addressed the issue by using UF, which contains high amounts of N (47%) have so far had little success. Nanotechnology advancements in nutrition strategies involving multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have attempted to provide solutions for N losses and low N use efficiency (NUE) by plants. However, agglomerates of MWCNTs limit their efficient mobility properties. Since a high degree of MWCNTs functionalization would lead to separation of nanotubes bundle, advanced N Nano-carrier is developed based on f-MWCNTs grafted with UF to produce urea-MWCNTs (UF-MWCNTs) for enhancing the nitrogen uptake (NU) and NUE. The grafted N can be absorbed and utilized by rice efficiently to overcome the N propensity for loss from soil‐plant systems when UFMWCNTs are applied as fertilizer. Screening process parameters were structured via Plackett Burman experimental design of experiment involving nine identified factors, which were the amount of MWCNTs, percentage of functionalization, stirring time, stirring temperature, agitation, sonication frequency, sonication temperature, sonication time and amount of ammonium chloride with corresponding response of Total N attached on the surface of MWCNTs. As a result, functionalization and amount of MWCNTs used were found to be the most significant factors and chosen for further optimization processes. Analyses were structured via the Response Surface Methodology based on a five-level Central Composite Design consisting of f-MWCNTs amount between 0.10–0.60wt% and functionalization reflux time varying from 12-24hrs as the design factors. The individual and interaction effects between the specified factors and the corresponding responses (NUE, NU) were investigated. The UF-MWCNTs with optimized 0.5wt% f-MWCNTs treated at 21hrs functionalization reflux time achieved tremendous NUE up to 96% and NU at 1180mg/pot. A significant model term (p-value < 0.05) for NUE and NU responses were confirmed by the ANOVA of two quadratic models. Homogeneous dispersion with non-agglomerate features was observed on UF-MWCNTs via FESEM and TEM. Direct evidence regarding the physical translocation of biodegraded f-MWCNTs through phospholipid bilayers into plant roots involving soil-plant interaction via mass flow route and direct penetration into the subcellular region of the plant cells were revealed via TEM imaging investigation. Surface functionalization was strongly suggested to have a bigger effect on the translocation of f-MWCNTs than the size factor. The chemical changes were monitored by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Hence, this UF-MWCNTs approach provides a promising strategy in enhancing plant nutrition for rice. 2016 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20513/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20513/1/Functionalized%20Multiwall%20Carbon%20Nanotubes%20For%20Efficiency%20Enhancement%20Used%20Of%20Nitrogenous%20Fertilizer%20In%20Paddy.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20513/2/Functionalized%20Multiwalled%20Carbon%20Nanotubes%20For%20Efficiency%20Enhancement%20Used%20Of%20Nitrogenous%20Fertilizer%20In%20Paddy.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=105860 phd doctoral Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering 1. Abu Amr, S.S., Aziz, H.A. & Bashir, M.J.K., 2014. Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment using ozone. Applied Water Science, 4(3), pp.231–239. 2. Abuilaiwi, F.A., Laoui, T., Al-Harthi, M., M.A.A., 2010. 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