Development of a novel engine starter using a compression spring

Automotive starting system requires an external torque to overcome the cranking resistance in order to initiate the engine operation. Conventionally, this is accomplished by applying an electrical starter motor powered by a lead acid battery. As commonly known, this battery consists of harmful chem...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Md Fauzi, Muhammad Fathi
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2017
Subjects:
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20531/1/Development%20Of%20A%20Novel%20Engine%20Starter%20Using%20A%20Compression%20Spring.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20531/2/Development%20of%20a%20novel%20engine%20starter%20using%20a%20compression%20spring.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-utem-ep.20531
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection UTeM Repository
language English
English
advisor Shamsudin, Shamsul Anuar

topic T Technology (General)
T Technology (General)
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
T Technology (General)
Md Fauzi, Muhammad Fathi
Development of a novel engine starter using a compression spring
description Automotive starting system requires an external torque to overcome the cranking resistance in order to initiate the engine operation. Conventionally, this is accomplished by applying an electrical starter motor powered by a lead acid battery. As commonly known, this battery consists of harmful chemical substances which give rise to lots of pollution through explosions, fires, leaks, and poisoning the environment that contaminates and destroys the ecosystem. Alternatively, the spring offers a means for mechanical energy storage in elastic deformation and is a well suited replacement in the engine-starting application due to its ability to provide high power densities and to discharge quickly. Therefore, in this project, the focus is on designing the compression spring that provides sufficient amount of force to rotate the starter shaft by achieving the minimum torque required on the starter pinion. Besides that, the spring is tested through fatigue analysis by using calculations and the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation in ANSYS WORKBENCH. As a comparison between both results on the spring life, the results of simulation is lower than that from calculations. The analysis offers a life estimation of the mechanical starter where it can be expected to last 317, 960 cycles of the operation before failure. Moreover, the new concept of mechanical spring starter is modelled in CATIA V5R20 in order to test the physical working of the compression spring as an energy storage device and also to test workings of the other mechanisms such as rotating part, locking mechanism and engagement of pinion. In the end, the results seem very promising.
format Thesis
qualification_name Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level Master's degree
author Md Fauzi, Muhammad Fathi
author_facet Md Fauzi, Muhammad Fathi
author_sort Md Fauzi, Muhammad Fathi
title Development of a novel engine starter using a compression spring
title_short Development of a novel engine starter using a compression spring
title_full Development of a novel engine starter using a compression spring
title_fullStr Development of a novel engine starter using a compression spring
title_full_unstemmed Development of a novel engine starter using a compression spring
title_sort development of a novel engine starter using a compression spring
granting_institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate 2017
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20531/1/Development%20Of%20A%20Novel%20Engine%20Starter%20Using%20A%20Compression%20Spring.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20531/2/Development%20of%20a%20novel%20engine%20starter%20using%20a%20compression%20spring.pdf
_version_ 1747833976051990528
spelling my-utem-ep.205312022-09-27T15:45:30Z Development of a novel engine starter using a compression spring 2017 Md Fauzi, Muhammad Fathi T Technology (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Automotive starting system requires an external torque to overcome the cranking resistance in order to initiate the engine operation. Conventionally, this is accomplished by applying an electrical starter motor powered by a lead acid battery. As commonly known, this battery consists of harmful chemical substances which give rise to lots of pollution through explosions, fires, leaks, and poisoning the environment that contaminates and destroys the ecosystem. Alternatively, the spring offers a means for mechanical energy storage in elastic deformation and is a well suited replacement in the engine-starting application due to its ability to provide high power densities and to discharge quickly. Therefore, in this project, the focus is on designing the compression spring that provides sufficient amount of force to rotate the starter shaft by achieving the minimum torque required on the starter pinion. Besides that, the spring is tested through fatigue analysis by using calculations and the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation in ANSYS WORKBENCH. As a comparison between both results on the spring life, the results of simulation is lower than that from calculations. The analysis offers a life estimation of the mechanical starter where it can be expected to last 317, 960 cycles of the operation before failure. Moreover, the new concept of mechanical spring starter is modelled in CATIA V5R20 in order to test the physical working of the compression spring as an energy storage device and also to test workings of the other mechanisms such as rotating part, locking mechanism and engagement of pinion. In the end, the results seem very promising. 2017 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20531/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20531/1/Development%20Of%20A%20Novel%20Engine%20Starter%20Using%20A%20Compression%20Spring.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20531/2/Development%20of%20a%20novel%20engine%20starter%20using%20a%20compression%20spring.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=105945 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering Shamsudin, Shamsul Anuar 1. Antony, I., 2012. The Electric Self-starter Turns 100. Fox News Auto, Available at:http://www.foxnews.com/auto/2012/02/15/electric-self-starter-turns-100.html. 2. Arwed, U., 2003. Lead-free carbon brushes for automotive starters. Elsevier Science. 3. Bay, O.F. and Bayir, R., 2004. Serial Wound Stater Motor Faults Diagnosis using ArtificialNeutral Network. IEEE International Conference of Mechatronic, pp. 194-199. 4. Bayir, R., 2008. Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Serial Wound Starter Motorwith Learning Vector Quantization Network. Journal of Applied Sciences, pp. 3148-3156. 5. Beer, F.P., Johnston, E.R., Dewolf, J.T. and Mazurek, D.F., 2012. Mechanics of Materials,6th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill. 6. Benjamin, S., 2015. Cordite vs. Gunpowder vs. Propellant. Available at:https://crimefictionbook.com/2015/04/30/whats-the-smell-cordite-vs-gunpowder-vspropellant. 7. Bhardwaj, R. and Paul, B., 2000. Light weight engine start battery based on thin metal filmtechnology. IEEE, 323-327. 8. Bluck, T.R., 2008. Black Powder, (Gun Powder) the first practical propellant. Available at:http://www.qq22.net/oes_shot/pages/bp.html. 9. Brezet, H., Carolien, H., Rathenau and UNEP, 1997. Ecodesign: A Promising Approach toSustainable Production and Consumption. France: United Nations Environment. 10. Budynas, R.G. and Nisbett, J.K., 2011. Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design, 9th ed.,New York: McGraw-Hill. 11. Coalescent, 2016. How to Prolong Lead-acid Batteries. Battery University : CadexElectronics Inc.83 12. Dhiraj, V.S. and Niranjan, D.K., 2016. Analysis of Helical Compression Spring forEstimation of Fatigue Life. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR), 10(2),2088-2093. 13. F. Hill, T. Havel, A. Hart, and C. Livermore., 2009. Storing elastic energy in carbonnanotubes. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 19, 1-5.Harold, C.R. Carlson, 1956. Selection and Application of Spring Materials. MechanicalEngineering, 78, pp. 331-334. 14. Hibbeler, R.C. and Kai Beng Yap, 2013. Mechanics for Engineers Dynamics, 13th ed.,Singapore: Pearson Education Inc. 15. Hui Cui, 2011. Emergency Exposure Limits for toxic chemicals in Major hazardinstallations of China. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering andEngineering Management, pp. 964-968. 16. Jeffries, Z., 1960. Charles Franklin Kettering 1876-1958, Washington D.C.: NationalAcademy of Sciences. 17. Jianbo, Y., 2016. Recoil Starter Schematic Honda TRX70. Available at:http://www.cmsnl.com/honda-trx70-fourtrax-70-1986gusa_model972/partslist/F++10.html. 18. Jing, Z., Chuanmin, C., Zhang, X. and Songtao, L., 2016. Study on the environmental riskassessment of lead-acid batteries. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 31, pp. 873-879. 19. Johnson W.L., 2002. Bulk Amorphous Metal - An Emerging Engineering Material. JOM,54(3), 40-43. 20. Karthikeyan, P., 2014. Section 4: The Starting System. Prestolite Electric Inc. Available at:http://www.prestolite.com. 21. Kineteco International Ltd., 2013. How spring starting works. Available at:http://springstarter.com/spring_starting.asp.84 22. Larry, W., 2009. Ford Model T Test Drive: Behind the Wheel of America’s MostImportant Car. Hearst Communication Inc. Available at:http://www.popularmechanics.com. 23. Lauden, J. W., 2013. Experimental Engine Characterization for Spring Design of NovelAutomotive Starter. University of Dayton. 24. Laukkonen, J.D., 2013. History of the Starter Motor. CrankShift. Available at:http://www.crankshift.com/history-starter-motor. 25. Mats Berg, 1998. A Non-Linear Rubber Spring Model for Rail Vehicle Dynamics Analysis,Vehicle System Dynamic, 30, 197-212. 26. Matsui, S. and Kihara, T., 2013. Recoil Starter Mechanism. Patent No. 20130152896.Available at: http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20130152896 27. Milwaukee, 2016. This day in history – Feb. 27. Journal Sentinel. Available at:http://archive.jsonline.com/greensheet/this-day-in-history--feb-27. 28. Murugesan, V. M., Chandramohan, G., Senthil Kumar, M., Rudramoorth, R., AshokKumar, L., Suresh Kumar, R., Basha, D., and Vishnu Murthy, K., 2012. An Overview ofAutomobile Starting System Faults and Fault Diagnosis Methods. ARPN Journal ofEngineering and Applied Science, 7(7), 812- 819. 29. Nanxiaojie, X., 2004. Technical guidelines for environment risk assessment on projects.Technical Guideline EIA, Available at:http://english.mep.gov.cn/standards_reports/standards/others1/Technical_Guideline_EIA/200710/t20071024_112078.htm. 30. Oltman, S., 2016. The Super-Secret Working of a lead Acid Battery Explained.BatteryStuff.com, Available at:https://www.batterystuff.com/kb/articles/battery-articles/secret-workings-of-a-lead-acidbattery.html.85 31. Omer, F.B. and Raif, B., 2011. A Fault Diagnosis of Engine Starting System via StarterMotors using Fuzzy Logic Algorithm. Journal of Science, 24(3), pp. 437-449. 32. Paul, R.W., Russell, J.O., Terry, M.L. and Michael D.L., 2015. Stop and Restart Effects onModern Vehicle Starting System Components. Argonne National Laboratory, 5-7. 33. Premrudee, K., Utaka, J., Kittinan, A., Naruetep, L., Kittiwan, K. and Sudkla, B., 2013.Life Cycle Assessment of Lead Acid Battery. Environment Protection Engineering, 39(1),pp. 101-114. 34. Rajput, R.K., 2007. Automotive Electrical System, Automobile Engineering, 1st ed., NewDelhi: Laxmi Publication (P). Ltd. 35. Rayleigh, R., 2016. How it Works – Starter Motor, Autoelectro. Available at:http://www.autoelectro.co.uk/how-it-works-starter-motors. 36. Richey, S., 2003. Starting Motors and Drives. Integrated Publishing, Inc. Available at:http://www.tpub.com. 37. Riley, F., 1996. Spring Design Manual, Society of Automotive Engineers, 2nd ed.,Warrendale, PA. pp. 138-139, 183-187. 38. Robert, M., 2009. August 17, 1915: Charles Kettering receives patent for electric selfstarter. A+E Networks. 39. Roche, M. and Toyne, P., 2004. Green lead – oxymoron or sustainable development for thelead-acid battery industry?. Power Source, 133(3). 40. Samarin, V., 2015. Starting system, Starter motor. Available at:http://www.samarins.com/glossary/starter.html. 41. Schubert, T.M., 2012. Design, Prototyping and Evaluation of an Elastically-BasedMechanical Starter for Automotive Engines. University of Dayton: Stander SymposiumPosters.86 42. Sebastian, A. 2012. Rice University creates graphene/nanotube hybrid material that couldredefine electronics and energy storage. Available at: https://www.extremetech.com. 43. Shubam, 2016. Bendix drive. Techy Infinte. Available at: http://techyinfinte.com/bendixdrive. 44. Simmons, H.J.E., 2015. Cranky no more: The life and legacy of Charles Franklin Kettering.World Patent Information, 44, 1-9. 45. Smith, Erin & Siddha P., 2003. Getting the Lead Out. Driving Forward Winter. Availableat: https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/4111_drivingforward_0104.pdf. 46. Startwell Engineering Ltd., 2012. Starterwell: Mechanical starters for diesel engines.Available at: http://www.sttarterwell.com. 47. Steven, R.S., Bernard, J.H. and Jacobson, B.O., 2013. Fundamentals of Machine Elements,3rd ed., France: CRC Press Inc. 48. Stone, R., 2012. Fatigue life estimates using Goodman Diagrams. Available at:http://www.mw-ind.com/pdfs/GoodmanFatigueLifeEstimates.pdf. 49. Valerie, J., 2015. How Does a Starter Motor Work?. Available at:https://www.yourmechanic.com/article/how-does-a-starter-motor-work. 50. Vsarathchandran, 2015. Starter motor selection and vehicle system considerations.Available at: https://autoelectricalsystems.wordpress.com. 51. Wang, W.L., 2008. FEA- based Structure Optimization for the Drive and Housing of anAutomotive Starter. IEEE International Workshop on Modelling, 447-450.Willard, W.P., 2014. Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine, 2nd ed.,New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.87 52. Zhang, C., Li, L., Zhu, Y., Sun. Z., Yan, Z., Ruan, G., Peng, Z., Raji, A.O., Kittrell, C.,Hauge, R.H., Tour, J.M. (2012). A seamless three-dimensional carbon nanotube graphenehybrid material. Macmillan Publishers Limited. Available at:http://www.nature.com/articles. 53. Zhang, J., Chen, C., Zhang, X., and Liu, S., 2016. Study on the Environmental RiskAssessment of Lead-Acid Batteries. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 31, 873-879. 54. Zhu, X., Li, L., Sun, X., 2001. Preparation of basic lead oxide from spent lead acid batterypaste via chemical conversion. Hydrometallurgy, 117, pp. 24-31.