Design of circularly polarized rectenna with harmonic rejection capabiltity at 2.45 GHz for microwave energy transfer
Nowadays, with the fast development in wireless devices, microwave energy transfer in which energy is transmitted from one point to another without wires, becomes more vital. There are many applications in which microwave energy transfer technology can be utilized such as smart healthcare, environm...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2017
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20613/1/Design%20Of%20Circularly%20Polarized%20Rectenna%20With%20Harmonic%20Rejection%20Capabiltity%20At%202.45%20Ghz%20For%20Microwave%20Energy%20Transfer.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20613/2/Design%20of%20circularly%20polarized%20rectenna%20with%20harmonic%20rejection%20capabiltity%20at%202.45%20GHz%20for%20microwave%20energy%20transfer.pdf |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| id |
my-utem-ep.20613 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
uketd_dc |
| institution |
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka |
| collection |
UTeM Repository |
| language |
English English |
| advisor |
Hussain, Mohd Nor |
| topic |
T Technology (General) T Technology (General) |
| spellingShingle |
T Technology (General) T Technology (General) Ahmed, Sharif Ahmed Qasem Design of circularly polarized rectenna with harmonic rejection capabiltity at 2.45 GHz for microwave energy transfer |
| description |
Nowadays, with the fast development in wireless devices, microwave energy transfer in which energy is transmitted from one point to another without wires, becomes more vital.
There are many applications in which microwave energy transfer technology can be utilized such as smart healthcare, environmental monitoring, and home automation. Microwave energy transfer has the advantages of easy communication and lower cost compared to traditional transmission mediums. A rectifying antenna or rectenna which consists of receiving antenna, rectifier, matching network, and output DC filter, is an important element in microwave energy transfer. The antenna receives RF signals that are converted from alternative current (AC) into usable direct current (DC) by the rectifying circuit. Rectifying diodes have nonlinear behavior which generates harmonics and degrades RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of the rectenna. Harmonic rejection filter is used to suppress these harmonics. However, adding harmonic rejection filter increases the size and cost of the rectenna. Antennas with harmonic rejection is used to replace the harmonic rejection filter. However, the proposed antennas have a low gain which degrades rectenna conversion efficiency. To increase the amount of collected RF signals, circular polarization, dual-band and broadband operation are adopted but these techniques increase the size and design complexity. This thesis proposed a rectenna design with harmonics rejection and circular polarization at 2.45 GHz to enhance the RF-DC conversion efficiency. The harmonic
rejection capability is achieved using triangular aperture coupling slot. The circular polarization property is achieved with a single feed line which reduces the size and design complexity. The aperture coupled antenna is simulated with an air gap to enhance the gain, using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The voltage doubler rectifier is simulated with a fast switching HSMS286B Schottky diode, using Advance Design System (ADS). The fabrication process is carried out using a low-cost 4.4 permittivity FR-4 substrate. The antenna can reject harmonics up to 10 GHz with -50 dB return loss, 7 dB gain, 1.5 dB axial ratio and 40.8% axial ratio bandwidth. The doubler rectifier with radial stub filter can provide output DC voltage higher than 7 V. The measured RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of the integrated rectenna is 76.84%. at an input power of 20 dBm. The proposed rectenna has the
advantages of harmonic rejection, circular polarization, high gain and low cost which make it a suitable candidate for microwave energy transfer. |
| format |
Thesis |
| qualification_name |
Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) |
| qualification_level |
Master's degree |
| author |
Ahmed, Sharif Ahmed Qasem |
| author_facet |
Ahmed, Sharif Ahmed Qasem |
| author_sort |
Ahmed, Sharif Ahmed Qasem |
| title |
Design of circularly polarized rectenna with harmonic rejection capabiltity at 2.45 GHz for microwave energy transfer |
| title_short |
Design of circularly polarized rectenna with harmonic rejection capabiltity at 2.45 GHz for microwave energy transfer |
| title_full |
Design of circularly polarized rectenna with harmonic rejection capabiltity at 2.45 GHz for microwave energy transfer |
| title_fullStr |
Design of circularly polarized rectenna with harmonic rejection capabiltity at 2.45 GHz for microwave energy transfer |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Design of circularly polarized rectenna with harmonic rejection capabiltity at 2.45 GHz for microwave energy transfer |
| title_sort |
design of circularly polarized rectenna with harmonic rejection capabiltity at 2.45 ghz for microwave energy transfer |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka |
| granting_department |
Faculty Of Electronic And Computer Engineering |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20613/1/Design%20Of%20Circularly%20Polarized%20Rectenna%20With%20Harmonic%20Rejection%20Capabiltity%20At%202.45%20Ghz%20For%20Microwave%20Energy%20Transfer.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20613/2/Design%20of%20circularly%20polarized%20rectenna%20with%20harmonic%20rejection%20capabiltity%20at%202.45%20GHz%20for%20microwave%20energy%20transfer.pdf |
| _version_ |
1747833986150825984 |
| spelling |
my-utem-ep.206132022-09-20T12:53:48Z Design of circularly polarized rectenna with harmonic rejection capabiltity at 2.45 GHz for microwave energy transfer 2017 Ahmed, Sharif Ahmed Qasem T Technology (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Nowadays, with the fast development in wireless devices, microwave energy transfer in which energy is transmitted from one point to another without wires, becomes more vital. There are many applications in which microwave energy transfer technology can be utilized such as smart healthcare, environmental monitoring, and home automation. Microwave energy transfer has the advantages of easy communication and lower cost compared to traditional transmission mediums. A rectifying antenna or rectenna which consists of receiving antenna, rectifier, matching network, and output DC filter, is an important element in microwave energy transfer. The antenna receives RF signals that are converted from alternative current (AC) into usable direct current (DC) by the rectifying circuit. Rectifying diodes have nonlinear behavior which generates harmonics and degrades RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of the rectenna. Harmonic rejection filter is used to suppress these harmonics. However, adding harmonic rejection filter increases the size and cost of the rectenna. Antennas with harmonic rejection is used to replace the harmonic rejection filter. However, the proposed antennas have a low gain which degrades rectenna conversion efficiency. To increase the amount of collected RF signals, circular polarization, dual-band and broadband operation are adopted but these techniques increase the size and design complexity. This thesis proposed a rectenna design with harmonics rejection and circular polarization at 2.45 GHz to enhance the RF-DC conversion efficiency. The harmonic rejection capability is achieved using triangular aperture coupling slot. The circular polarization property is achieved with a single feed line which reduces the size and design complexity. The aperture coupled antenna is simulated with an air gap to enhance the gain, using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The voltage doubler rectifier is simulated with a fast switching HSMS286B Schottky diode, using Advance Design System (ADS). The fabrication process is carried out using a low-cost 4.4 permittivity FR-4 substrate. The antenna can reject harmonics up to 10 GHz with -50 dB return loss, 7 dB gain, 1.5 dB axial ratio and 40.8% axial ratio bandwidth. The doubler rectifier with radial stub filter can provide output DC voltage higher than 7 V. The measured RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of the integrated rectenna is 76.84%. at an input power of 20 dBm. The proposed rectenna has the advantages of harmonic rejection, circular polarization, high gain and low cost which make it a suitable candidate for microwave energy transfer. 2017 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20613/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20613/1/Design%20Of%20Circularly%20Polarized%20Rectenna%20With%20Harmonic%20Rejection%20Capabiltity%20At%202.45%20Ghz%20For%20Microwave%20Energy%20Transfer.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20613/2/Design%20of%20circularly%20polarized%20rectenna%20with%20harmonic%20rejection%20capabiltity%20at%202.45%20GHz%20for%20microwave%20energy%20transfer.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=105977 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Electronic And Computer Engineering Hussain, Mohd Nor 1. Ahmed, S., Zakaria, Z., Husain, M.N. and Yik, S.W., 2015. An Array Antenna Design for RF Energy Harvesting System. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 10(16), pp.37284 37289. 2. Ali, M., Yang, G. and Dougal, R., 2005. A New Circularly Polarized Rectenna for Wireless Power Transmission and Data Communication. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 4, pp.205 208. 3. Assimonis, S.D. and Daskalakis, S., 2016. Sensitive and Efficient RF Harvesting Supply for Batteryless Backscatter Sensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 64(4), pp.1327 1338. 4. Bae, S.W., Lee, W., Chang, K. and Kwon, S., 2008. A Small Rfid Tag Antenna With Bandwidth-Enhanced Characteristics And A Simple Feeding Structure. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 50(8), pp.2027 2031. 5. Balanis, C.A., 2005. Antenna Theory Analysis and Design 2nd editio., John Wiley and Sons (Asia). 6. Bao, X.L., Ammann, M.J. and Mcevoy, P., 2010. Microstrip-Fed Wideband Circularly Polarized Printed Antenna. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, 58(10), pp.3150 3156.146 7. Bhattacharya, R., Garg, R. and Fellow, L., 2016. A Compact Yagi-Uda Type Pattern Diversity Antenna Driven by CPW-Fed Pseudomonopole. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 64(1), pp.25 32. 8. Bito, J., Hester, J.G. and Tentzeris, M.M., 2015. Ambient RF Energy Harvesting From a Two-Way Talk Radio for Flexible Wearable Wireless Sensor Devices Utilizing Inkjet Printing Technologies. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 63(12), pp.4533 4543. 9. Brown, R.M.D. and W.C., 1975. Radiated microwave power transmission system efficiency measurement. California Institute of Technology, pp.33 727. 10. Brown, W., 1987. Rectenna technology program ultra light 2.45 GHz rectenna and 20 GHz rectenna. NASA Lewis Research Center. 11. Brown, W. c., 1984. of Power Transmission Radio Waves. , M(9), pp.1230 1242. 12. Brown, W.C. and Triner, J.F., 1982. Experimental thin-film, etched-circuit rectenna. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., pp.185 187. 13. Charthad, J. and Dolatsha, N., 2016. System-Level Analysis of Far-Field Radio Frequency Power Delivery for mm-Sized Sensor Nodes. , 63(2), pp.300 311. 14. Chen, H. et al., 2013. Circularly Polarized Loop Tag Antenna for Long Reading Range RFID Applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 12, pp.1460 1463.147 15. Chen, H., Kuo, S., Sim, C. and Tsai, C., 2012. Coupling-Feed Circularly Polarized RFID Tag Antenna Mountable on Metallic Surface. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, 60(5), pp.2166 2174. 16. Chen, H., Sim, C. and Kuo, S., 2012. Compact Broadband Dual Coupling-Feed Circularly Polarized RFID Microstrip Tag Antenna Mountable on Metallic Surface. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(12), pp.5571 5577. 17. Chihyun Cho, Ikmo Park, and H.C., 2009. Design of a Circularly Polarized Tag Antenna for Increased Reading Range. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, 57(10), pp.3418 3422. 18. Choi, J., Dagefu, F.T. and Sadler, B.M., 2016. Electrically Small Folded Dipole Antenna for HF and Low-VHF Bands. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 15, pp.718 721. 19. Choi, Y., Kim, U., Kim, J. and Choi, J., 2009. Design of modified folded dipole antenna for UHF RFID tag. Electronics Letters, 45(8), pp.8 9. 20. Chung, K.L., 2010. AWideband Circularly Polarized H-Shaped Patch Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 58(10), pp.3379 3383. 21. Deavours, D.D., 2009. A Circularly Polarized Planar Antenna Modified for Passive UHF RFID. IEEE International Conference on RFID, pp.265 269.148 22. Dickinson, R.M., 1976. Performance of a high-power, 2.388 GHz receiving array in wireless power transmission over 1.54 km. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., pp.139 141. 23. Douye`re, A., Luk, J.D.L.S. and Alicalapa, F., 2008. High efficiency microwave rectenna Electronics Letters, 44(24), pp.1 2. 24. Elmansouri, M.A., Bargeron, J.B. and Filipovic, D.S., 2014. Simply-Fed Four-Arm SpiralHelix Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 62(9), pp.4864 4868. 25. Falkenstein, E., Roberg, M. and Popovi, Z., 2012. Low-Power Wireless Power Delivery. IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 60(7), pp.2277 2286. 26. Fang, Z., Jin, R., Junping Geng, A. and Sun, J., 2007. A Novel Broadband Antenna For Passive Uhf Rfid Transponders Offering Global Functionality. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 49(11), pp.2795 2798. comparison of linearly and circularly polarised radio frequency identification ultra-high frequency tag antennas. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 6(November 2011), pp.1070 1078. 27. Georgiadis, A., Andia, G. and Collado, A., 2010. Rectenna Design and Optimization Using Reciprocity Theory and Harmonic Balance Analysis for Electromagnetic ( EM ) Energy Harvesting. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 9, pp.444 446.149 28. Hagerty, J.A. et al., 2004. Recycling ambient microwave energy with broad-band rectenna arrays. IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 52(3), pp.1014 1024. 29. Han, M. and Sohn, S.J. and H., 2014. High Efficient Rectenna Using a Harmonic Rejection Low Pass Filter for RF based Wireless Power Transmission. IEEE IInternational Symposium Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS), pp.423 426. 30. Harouni, Z. et al., 2011. A Dual Circularly Polarized 2 . 45-GHz Rectenna for Wireless Power Transmission. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Letter, 10, pp.306 309. 31. Harouni, Z., Osman, L. and Gharsallah, A., 2010. Efficient 2 . 45 GHz Rectenna Design with High Harmonic Rejection for Wireless Power Transmission. International Journal of Computer Science, 7(5), pp.424 427. 32. Heikkinen, J. and Kivikoski, M., 2004. Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Rectifying Antenna forWireless Power Transmission at 5.8 GHz. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 14(4), pp.162 164. 33. Henrique, C., Lorenz, P., Hemour, S. and Wu, K., 2016. Physical Mechanism and Theoretical Foundation of Ambient RF Power Harvesting Using Zero-Bias Diodes. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 64(7), pp.2146 2158. 34. Hong, S.S.B. et al., 2013. Wi-Fi Energy Harvester For Low Power RFID Application. Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, 40(April), pp.69 81.150 35. Hou, Q., Li, C., Sun, G. and Zhao, X., 2016. Effective Magnetic-Loop Array Antennas With Enhanced Bandwidth Quanwen. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, 64(8), pp.3717 3722. 36. Huang, F., Yo, T., Lee, C. and Luo, C., 2012. Design of Circular Polarization Antenna With Harmonic Suppression for Rectenna Application. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 11, pp.592 595. 37. Huang, Y., Shinohara, N. and Mitani, T., 2013. A Study on Low Power Rectenna Using DCDC Converter to Track Maximum Power Point. Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, pp.83 85. 38. Jabbar, H., Member, S., Member, Y.S.S. and Jeong, T.T., 2010. Circuits for Charging RF Energy Harvesting System of Mobile Devices. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 56, pp.247 253. 39. Kazanc, O. et al., 2012. Miniaturized Antenna and Integrated Rectifier Design for Remote Powering of Wireless Sensor Systems. IEEE Radio and Wireless Week, pp.41 44. 40. Kuhn, V., Lahuec, C., Seguin, F. and Person, C., 2015. A Multi-Band Stacked RF Energy Harvester With RF-to-DC Efficiency Up to 84 %. IEEE Transactions Microwave Theory and Techniques, 63(5), pp.1768 1778.151 41. Kumar, S.V., Patel, P., Mittal, A. and De, A., 2012. Design , Analysis and Fabrication of Rectenna for Wireless Power Transmission - Virtual Battery. National Conference on Communication, pp.1 4. 42. Ladan, S. and Wu, K., 2015. Nonlinear Modeling and Harmonic Recycling of MillimeterWave Rectifier Circuit. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techniques, 63(3), pp.937 944. 43. Li, T., Fan, P., Chen, Z. and Letaief, K. Ben, 2016. Optimum Transmission Policies for Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks Powered by a Mobile Control Center. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 15(9), pp.6132 6145. 44. Liu, P. et al., 2015. Energy Harvesting Noncoherent Cooperative Communications. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 14(12), pp.6722 6737. 45. Liu, Y. and YueshanWU, 2010. Circular Polarized RFID Tag Antenna Design Based on Human Hand Model. Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on RFIDTechnology and Applications, 1(June), pp.17 19. 46. Lu, J.-H. and Wu, J.-J., 2011. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 20, 1 9, 2011. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, 20(January), pp.1 9. 47. Lu, J. and Chang, B., 2016. Planar Compact Square-Ring Tag Antenna with Circular Polarization for UHF RFID Applications. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, pp.1 11.152 48. Lu, J. and Hung, K., 2010. Planar inverted-E antenna for UHF RFID tag on metallic objects with bandwidth enhancement. Electronics Letters, 46(17). 49. Lu, J. and Su, J., 2011. PLANAR LOOP TAG ANTENNA WITH BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FOR UHF RFID SYSTEM. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 53(11), pp.2711 2713. 50. Lu, J. and Zheng, G., 2011. Planar Broadband Tag Antenna Mounted on the Metallic Material for UHF RFID System. IEEE Amtennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 10, pp.1405 1408. 51. Ma, Z. and Vandenbosch, G.A.E., 2014. Wideband Harmonic Rejection Filtenna for Wireless Power Transfer. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 62(1), pp.371 377. 52. Marembert, V., Boerner, C., Futami, F. and Watanabe, S., 2014. High-Gain CircularlyPolarized Loop Tag Antenna For Long Read- Ing Distance RFID Application. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 56(10), pp.2335 2341. 53. Marian, V., Allard, B., Vollaire, C. and Verdier, J., 2012. Strategy for Microwave Energy Harvesting From Ambient Field or a Feeding Source. IEEE Transction on Power Electronics, 27(11), pp.4481 4491. 54. Masotti, D., Costanzo, A., Prete, M. Del and Rizzoli, V., 2013. Genetic-based design of a tetra-band high-efficiency radio-frequency energy harvesting system. IET Microwaves,153 Antennas & Propagation, 7(January), pp.1254 1263. 55. Mavaddat, A., Hossein, S., Armaki, M. and Erfanian, A.R., 2015. Millimeter-Wave Energy Harvesting Using Microstrip Patch Antenna Array. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 14, pp.515 518. 56. Mcspadden, J.O., Fan, L. and Chang, K., 1998. Design and Experiments of a HighConversion-Efficiency 5.8-GHz Rectenna. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techniques, 46(12), pp.2053 2060. 57. Mehrabani, A. and Shafai, L., 2016. Compact Dual Circularly Polarized Primary Feeds for Symmetric Parabolic Reflector Antennas. IEEE Amtennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 15, pp.922 925. 58. Mekikis, P. et al., 2016. Information Exchange in Randomly Deployed Dense WSNs With Wireless Energy Harvesting Capabilities. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 15(4), pp.3008 3018. 59. Mirza, H., Ahmed, M.I. and Elahi, M.F., 2015. Circularly Polarized Compact Passive RFID Tag Antenna. 5th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICECE), 0(December 2008), pp.20 22. 60. Monti, G., Tarricone, L. and Spartano, M., 2011. X-Band Planar Rectenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 10, pp.1116 1119.154 61. Nie, M., Yang, X., Tan, G. and Han, B., 2015. A Compact 2.45-GHz Broadband Rectenna Using Grounded CoplanarWaveguide. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 14, pp.986 989. 62. Olgun, U., Chen, C. and Volakis, J.L., 2011. Investigation of Rectenna Array Configurations for Enhanced RF Power Harvesting. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 10(2), pp.262 265. 63. Park, J., Han, S. and Itoh, T., 2004. A Rectenna Design With Harmonic-Rejecting CircularSector Antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 3, pp.52 54. 64. Qin, P., Weily, A.R., Guo, Y.J. and Liang, C., 2010. Polarization Reconfigurable U-Slot Patch Antenna. IEEE Tranxaction on Antenna and Propagation, 58(10), pp.3006 3009. 65. Rajput, A., Kushwah, M. and Dodiya, J., 2016. Microstrip Antenna Design Using Transmission Line Model in Hexagonal shape with Probe Feed. International Conference on Electrical Electronics and Optimization Technigues (ICEEOT), pp.4052 4055. 66. Raza, H., Yang, J. and Hussain, A., 2012. Measurement of Radiation Ef fi ciency of Multiport Antennas With Feeding Network Corrections. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 11(2), pp.89 92. 67. Rectenna, P., Heikkinen, J. and Kivikoski, M., 2003. A Novel Dual-Frequency Circularly Polarized Rectenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2, pp.330 333.155 68. Ren, Y. and Chang, K., 2006. 5.8-GHz Circularly Polarized Dual-Diode Rectenna and Rectenna Array for Microwave Power Transmission. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech, 54(4), pp.1495 1502. 69. Ren, Y., Farooqui, M.F. and Chang, K., 2007. A Compact Dual-Frequency Rectifying AntennaWith High-Orders Harmonic-Rejection. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 55(7), pp.2110 2113. 70. Rida, A.H. et al., 2009. Design , Development and Integration of Novel Antennas for Miniaturized UHF RFID Tags. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, 57(11), pp.3450 3457. 71. Sandhu, A.I. et al., 2016. Radiating Elements for Shared Aperture Tx / Rx Phased Arrays at K / Ka Band. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, 64(6), pp.2270 2282. 72. Sennouni, M.A., Zbitou, J. and Benaissa ABBOUD, Abdelwahed TRIBAK, M.L., 2014. Efficient Rectenna Design Incorporating New Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Wireless Power Transmission at 2. 45GHz. IEEE Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), pp.3 7. 73. Strassner, B. and Chang, K., 2003a. 5.8-GHz Circularly Polarized Dual-Rhombic-Loop Traveling-Wave Rectifying Antenna for Low Power-Density Wireless Power Transmission Applications. IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 51(5), pp.1548 1553.156 74. Strassner, B. and Chang, K., 2002. 5 . 8-GHz Circularly Polarized Rectifying Antenna for Wireless Microwave Power Transmission. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techniques, 50(8), pp.1870 1876. 75. Strassner, B. and Chang, K., 2003b. Highly Efficient C-Band Circularly Polarized Rectifying Antenna Array for Wireless Microwave Power Transmission. IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, 51(6), pp.1347 1356. 76. Suh, Y.-H. and Chang, K., 2002. A High-Efficiency Dual-Frequency Rectenna for 2.45- and 5.8-GHzWireless Power Transmission. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 50(7), pp.1784 1789. 77. Suh, Y.-H., Wang, C. and Chang, K., 2000. Circular polarized truncated-corner square patch microstrip rectenna for wireless power transmission. Electronics Letters, 36(7), pp.600 602. 78. Sun, H., Guo, Y., He, M. and Zhong, Z., 2013. A Dual-Band Rectenna Using Broadband Yagi Antenna Array for Ambient RF Power Harvesting. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation. Letter, 12, pp.918 921. 79. Sun, L. et al., 2016. A Single Patch Antenna With Broadside and Conical Radiation Patterns for 3G / 4G Pattern Diversity. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 15(1), pp.433 436. 80. Takhedmit, H., Merabet, B., et al., 2010. A 2.45-GHz Low Cost and Efficient Rectenna. Proc. 4th Eur. Antennas Propag. Conf, pp.5 9.157 81. Takhedmit, H. et al., 2012. Compact and efficient 2 . 45 GHz circularly polarised shorted ring-slot rectenna. Electronics Letters, 48(5), pp.1 2. 82. Takhedmit, H., Cirio, L., et al., 2010. Efficient 2.45 GHz rectenna design including harmonic rejecting rectifier device. Electronics Letters, 46(12), pp.45 46. 83. Taylor, P., Lu, J. and Chang, B., 2013. Planar circularly polarized tag antenna with compact operation for UHF RFID application. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, pp.37 41. 84. Tran, H.H., Ta, S.X. and Park, I., 2015. A Compact Circularly Polarized Crossed-Dipole Antenna for an RFID Tag. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 14, pp.674 677. 85. Vera, G.A., Georgiadis, A., Collado, A. and Via, S., 2010. Design of a 2.45 GHz Rectenna for Electromagnetic ( EM ) Energy Scavenging. IEEE Radio Wireless Symposium, pp.61 64. 86. Visser, H., 2013. Printed Folded Dipole Antenna Design for Rectenna and RFID Applications. 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 3(Eucap), pp.2852 2855. 87. Wang, X. and Mortazawi, A., 2014. Medium Wave Energy Scavenging for Wireless Structural Health Monitoring Sensors. IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 62(4), pp.1067 1073.158 88. Wu, S. and Ma, T., 2006. A passive UHF RFID meandered tag antenna with tuning stubs. Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, pp.1486 1492. 89. Xia, M. and Issa, S.A., 2015. On the Efficiency of Far-Field Wireless Power Transfer. IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing, 63(11), pp.2835 2847. 90. Xu, L., Hu, B.J. and Wang, J., 2008. UHF RFID tag antenna with broadband characteristic. Electronics Letters, 44(2), pp.17 18. 91. Yang, C., Tsai, C., Yang, Y. and Lee, C., 2011. Enhancement of Wireless Power Transmission by Using Novel Multitone Approaches for Wireless Recharging. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 10, pp.1353 1357. 92. Yang, J., Chen, X., Wadefalk, N. and Kildal, P., 2009. Design and Realization of a Linearly Polarized Eleven Feed for 1 10 GHz. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 8, pp.64 68. 93. Yang, X. et al., 2013. A Novel Compact Printed Rectenna for Data Communication Systems. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(5), pp.2532 2539. 94. Yeoh, Rowe, W. and L.Wong, 2012. Decoupled dual-dipole rectennas on a conducting surface at 2.4 GHz for wireless battery charging. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 6(May 2011), pp.238 244.159 95. Yo, T., Lee, C., Hsu, C. and Luo, C., 2008. Compact Circularly Polarized Rectenna With Unbalanced Circular Slots. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 56(3), pp.882 886. 96. Yoo, T.-W. and Chang, K., 1992. Theoretical and Experimental Development of 10 and 35 GHz Rectennas. IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 40(6), pp.1259 1266. 97. Zbitou, J., Latrach, M., Toutain, S. and Simulation, A., 2006. Hybrid Rectenna and Monolithic Integrated Zero-Bias Microwave Rectifier. IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 54(1), pp.147 152. 98. Zhang, F., Nam, H. and Lee, J., 2009. A Novel Compact Folded Dipole Architecture for 2 . 45 GHz Rectenna Application. Asia Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), pp.2766 2769. 99. Zhang, J. et al., 2015. A Double-sided Rectenna Design for RF Energy Harvesting. IEEE International Wireless Symposium (IWS), 56(3), pp.6 9. 100. Zhu, N., Ziolkowski, R.W. and Xin, H., 2011. Electrically Small GPS L1 Rectennas. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 10, pp |