Lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester based on optimised potassium sodium niobate thin film
Piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) is considered as a robust power source, which can power the electronic devices by scavenging small magnitudes of energy from ambient vibration. The fundamental advantage of PEH lies on the inherent ability of the piezoelectric material to generate electricity dep...
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Piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) is considered as a robust power source, which can power the electronic devices by scavenging small magnitudes of energy from ambient vibration. The fundamental advantage of PEH lies on the inherent ability of the piezoelectric material to generate electricity depending on the amount of vibration applied on the material. Although lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is the most common type of piezoelectric material used, the toxicity of PZT content has damaged the environment and health, in which it necessitates the discovery of lead-free piezoelectric material. Hence, potassium sodium niobate (KNN) is chosen as the potential candidate since good piezoelectric properties can be achieved by compositionally-engineered the perovskite structure. However, the thermal treatment of KNN at high temperature is challenging due to alkali metal cations volatility. In order to address this issue, a series of systematic reviews and a consecutive study on KNN energy harvester was conducted. In the present study, KNN thin films were fabricated via chemical solution deposition method. The effects of the annealing temperature and various number of coating layers on both the structural and electrical properties were looked into in order to find the optimum annealing temperature and coating layers to fabricate KNN thin films. The present study has shown that KNN thin film annealed at 650 °C presented a well-crystallised orthorhombic perovskite structure without the presence of secondary phase which confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Crystallinity, molecular vibration, surface morphology, and resistivity were found to depend on the coating layers. Particularly, the optimum properties were found for KNN thin films with five coating layers. In addition, the structural and electrical properties were strongly affected by yttrium doping. All the thin films had a preferred (0 0 1) orientation with formation of pure orthorhombic perovskite structure. Small shift on Raman active mode, together with dense and homogenous surface morphology were obtained for 0.5 mol% yttrium-doped KNN. Besides, 0.5 mol% yttrium-doped KNN had intermediate electrical resistivity (2.153 × 106 Ω.cm), low dielectric loss (0.018 %), high dielectric permittivity (508), and high quality factor (25.730). Next, finite element modelling was performed to determine the resonance frequency of the as-fabricated KNN thin film to generate the optimum voltage and power output. The performance of KNN energy harvester was compared with a commercial lead based material, namely PZT-5H. Both harvesters showed a comparable output power of 0.104 mW and 0.115 mW for KNN and PZT-5H, respectively. Further, energy harvester performance analysis involving finite element modelling and experimental testing recorded a maximum voltage of 0.968 V and a power output of 0.1067 mW, when 0.5 mol% yttrium-doped KNN was resonated at 2098.7 Hz. To compare with pure KNN, 0.5 mol% yttrium-doped KNN exhibited a relatively desirable electromechanical coupling factor about 0.49, which has the potential as an energy harvester to substitute PZT in the future. |
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Mat Harttar @ Mohd Hatta, Maziati Akmal |
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Mat Harttar @ Mohd Hatta, Maziati Akmal |
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Lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester based on optimised potassium sodium niobate thin film |
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Lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester based on optimised potassium sodium niobate thin film |
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Lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester based on optimised potassium sodium niobate thin film |
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Lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester based on optimised potassium sodium niobate thin film |
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Lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester based on optimised potassium sodium niobate thin film |
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lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester based on optimised potassium sodium niobate thin film |
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my-utem-ep.206322022-06-03T16:39:47Z Lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester based on optimised potassium sodium niobate thin film 2017 Mat Harttar @ Mohd Hatta, Maziati Akmal T Technology (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) is considered as a robust power source, which can power the electronic devices by scavenging small magnitudes of energy from ambient vibration. The fundamental advantage of PEH lies on the inherent ability of the piezoelectric material to generate electricity depending on the amount of vibration applied on the material. Although lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is the most common type of piezoelectric material used, the toxicity of PZT content has damaged the environment and health, in which it necessitates the discovery of lead-free piezoelectric material. Hence, potassium sodium niobate (KNN) is chosen as the potential candidate since good piezoelectric properties can be achieved by compositionally-engineered the perovskite structure. However, the thermal treatment of KNN at high temperature is challenging due to alkali metal cations volatility. In order to address this issue, a series of systematic reviews and a consecutive study on KNN energy harvester was conducted. In the present study, KNN thin films were fabricated via chemical solution deposition method. The effects of the annealing temperature and various number of coating layers on both the structural and electrical properties were looked into in order to find the optimum annealing temperature and coating layers to fabricate KNN thin films. The present study has shown that KNN thin film annealed at 650 °C presented a well-crystallised orthorhombic perovskite structure without the presence of secondary phase which confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Crystallinity, molecular vibration, surface morphology, and resistivity were found to depend on the coating layers. Particularly, the optimum properties were found for KNN thin films with five coating layers. In addition, the structural and electrical properties were strongly affected by yttrium doping. All the thin films had a preferred (0 0 1) orientation with formation of pure orthorhombic perovskite structure. Small shift on Raman active mode, together with dense and homogenous surface morphology were obtained for 0.5 mol% yttrium-doped KNN. Besides, 0.5 mol% yttrium-doped KNN had intermediate electrical resistivity (2.153 × 106 Ω.cm), low dielectric loss (0.018 %), high dielectric permittivity (508), and high quality factor (25.730). Next, finite element modelling was performed to determine the resonance frequency of the as-fabricated KNN thin film to generate the optimum voltage and power output. The performance of KNN energy harvester was compared with a commercial lead based material, namely PZT-5H. Both harvesters showed a comparable output power of 0.104 mW and 0.115 mW for KNN and PZT-5H, respectively. Further, energy harvester performance analysis involving finite element modelling and experimental testing recorded a maximum voltage of 0.968 V and a power output of 0.1067 mW, when 0.5 mol% yttrium-doped KNN was resonated at 2098.7 Hz. To compare with pure KNN, 0.5 mol% yttrium-doped KNN exhibited a relatively desirable electromechanical coupling factor about 0.49, which has the potential as an energy harvester to substitute PZT in the future. 2017 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20632/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20632/1/Lead-Free%20Piezoelectric%20Energy%20Harvester%20Based%20On%20Optimised%20Potassium%20Sodium%20Niobate%20Thin%20Film.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20632/2/Lead-free%20piezoelectric%20energy%20harvester%20based%20on%20optimised%20potassium%20sodium%20niobate%20thin%20film.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=107021 phd doctoral Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering Abd Rashid, Mohd Warikh Azlan, Umar Al-Amani 1. Ahn, C.W., Hwang, H.I., Lee, K.S., Jin, B.M., Park, S., Park, G., Yoon, D., Cheong, H., Lee, H.J., and Kim, I.W., 2010. Raman Spectra Study of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Ferroelectric Thin Films. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 49(9), pp. 1-4. 2. Ahtee, M., and Hewat, A., 1978. Structural Phase Transitions in Sodium.potassium Niobate Solid Solutions by Neutron Powder Diffraction. Acta Crystallographica, 32, pp. 309.317. 3. Ai, Z., Hou, Y., Zheng, M., and Zhu, M., 2014. Effect of Grain Size on the Phase Structure and Electrical Properties of PZT.PNZN Quaternary Systems. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 617, pp. 222.227. 4. Akl, A. A., 2010. Thermal Annealing Effect on the Crystallization and Optical Dispersion of Sprayed V2O5 Thin Films. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 71(3), pp. 223.229. 5. Aksel, E., and Jones, J.L., 2010. Advances in Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials for Sensors and Actuators. Sensors, 10(3), pp. 1935.1954. 6. Alexopoulos, P.S., and Ofsullivan, T.C., 1996. Annual Review of Materials Science. Annual Review of Materials Science, 219(95), pp. 391.420. 7. An American National Standard on Piezoelectricity, 1988. ANSI/IEEE Std: IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society. New York: IEEE. 8. Andosca, R., McDonald, T.G., Genova, V., Rosenberg, S., Keating, J., Benedixen, C., and Wu, J., 2012. Experimental and Theoretical Studies on MEMS Piezoelectric Vibrational Energy Harvesters with Mass Loading. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 178, pp. 76.87. 9. Anthony, R., Of Mathuna, C., and Rohan, J.F., 2016. MEMS Based Electrochemical Process for Fabrication of Laminated Micro-Inductors on Silicon. Microelectronic Engineering, 155, pp. 33.38. 10. Arnold, D., 2007. Review of Microscale Magnetic Power Generation. Magnetics, 43(11), pp. 3940.3951. 11. Arroyo, E., Badel, A., Formosa, F., Wu, Y., and Qiu, J., 2012. Comparison of Electromagnetic and Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters: Model and Experiments. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 183, pp. 148.156. 12. Badr, B., Delaney, K.R., and Dechev, N., 2015. 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