Selection And Optimization Of Kenaf/Epoxy Composite As An Alternative Friction Material

This research consists of the selection and optimization of the alternate materials which represent asbestos, using the Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES). The design and selection of potential materials are according to the friction material‟s suggested specifications and performances. Comparativ...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Mustafa, Ashafi'e
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20712/1/Selection%20And%20Optimization%20Of%20Kenaf%20Epoxy%20Composite%20As%20An%20Alternative%20Friction%20Material%20-%20Ashafi%27e%20Mustafa%20-%2024%20Pages.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20712/2/Selection%20And%20Optimization%20Of%20Kenaf%20Epoxy%20Composite%20As%20An%20Alternative%20Friction%20Material.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-utem-ep.20712
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection	UTeM Repository
language	English English
topic	T Technology (General) T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) T Technology (General) Mustafa, Ashafi'e Selection And Optimization Of Kenaf/Epoxy Composite As An Alternative Friction Material
description	This research consists of the selection and optimization of the alternate materials which represent asbestos, using the Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES). The design and selection of potential materials are according to the friction material‟s suggested specifications and performances. Comparative and verification studies were performed using the Pugh and Weighted Decision Matrix (WDM) methods in order to select the best material to represent asbestos from among all potential materials such as jute, ramie and kenaf. As for the result, kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus) was chosen as the best material that meets the criteria and design constrains. The tribological performances of the kenaf epoxy (KE) composite were conducted according to the L18 arrays design. A 10 mm diameter cylindrical pin of KE composite was fabricated using a hot-cold compression machine and tested on a pin-on-disk tribometer according to ASTM G99. The signal to noise (S/ N), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation between factors were employed in order to determine the optimal combination between controlled factors and levels. The optimal combination parameters of the KE composite were verified upon the confirmation test, and then compared with conventional friction material. The confirmation test verified that an optimized KE composite result falls within confidence intervals of 95%; which sounds promising to be included in friction material formulations which also exhibit friction coefficient (0.4 - 0.44) within the range suggested. The predominant wear mechanisms from worn surfaces are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images revealed signs of predominant wear mechanisms such as abrasive, adhesive and fatigue mechanisms and a profilometer to measure the surface roughness.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mustafa, Ashafi'e
author_facet	Mustafa, Ashafi'e
author_sort	Mustafa, Ashafi'e
title	Selection And Optimization Of Kenaf/Epoxy Composite As An Alternative Friction Material
title_short	Selection And Optimization Of Kenaf/Epoxy Composite As An Alternative Friction Material
title_full	Selection And Optimization Of Kenaf/Epoxy Composite As An Alternative Friction Material
title_fullStr	Selection And Optimization Of Kenaf/Epoxy Composite As An Alternative Friction Material
title_full_unstemmed	Selection And Optimization Of Kenaf/Epoxy Composite As An Alternative Friction Material
title_sort	selection and optimization of kenaf/epoxy composite as an alternative friction material
granting_institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department	Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate	2017
url	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20712/1/Selection%20And%20Optimization%20Of%20Kenaf%20Epoxy%20Composite%20As%20An%20Alternative%20Friction%20Material%20-%20Ashafi%27e%20Mustafa%20-%2024%20Pages.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20712/2/Selection%20And%20Optimization%20Of%20Kenaf%20Epoxy%20Composite%20As%20An%20Alternative%20Friction%20Material.pdf
_version_	1747833991821524992
spelling	my-utem-ep.207122022-03-16T15:51:46Z Selection And Optimization Of Kenaf/Epoxy Composite As An Alternative Friction Material 2017 Mustafa, Ashafi'e T Technology (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering This research consists of the selection and optimization of the alternate materials which represent asbestos, using the Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES). The design and selection of potential materials are according to the friction material‟s suggested specifications and performances. Comparative and verification studies were performed using the Pugh and Weighted Decision Matrix (WDM) methods in order to select the best material to represent asbestos from among all potential materials such as jute, ramie and kenaf. As for the result, kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus) was chosen as the best material that meets the criteria and design constrains. The tribological performances of the kenaf epoxy (KE) composite were conducted according to the L18 arrays design. A 10 mm diameter cylindrical pin of KE composite was fabricated using a hot-cold compression machine and tested on a pin-on-disk tribometer according to ASTM G99. The signal to noise (S/ N), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation between factors were employed in order to determine the optimal combination between controlled factors and levels. The optimal combination parameters of the KE composite were verified upon the confirmation test, and then compared with conventional friction material. The confirmation test verified that an optimized KE composite result falls within confidence intervals of 95%; which sounds promising to be included in friction material formulations which also exhibit friction coefficient (0.4 - 0.44) within the range suggested. The predominant wear mechanisms from worn surfaces are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images revealed signs of predominant wear mechanisms such as abrasive, adhesive and fatigue mechanisms and a profilometer to measure the surface roughness. 2017 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20712/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20712/1/Selection%20And%20Optimization%20Of%20Kenaf%20Epoxy%20Composite%20As%20An%20Alternative%20Friction%20Material%20-%20Ashafi%27e%20Mustafa%20-%2024%20Pages.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20712/2/Selection%20And%20Optimization%20Of%20Kenaf%20Epoxy%20Composite%20As%20An%20Alternative%20Friction%20Material.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=106145 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 1. Ahmed, K.S., Khalid, S.S., Mallinatha, V., and Kumar, S.A., 2012. Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Sic/Al2O3 Filled Jute/Epoxy Composites. Materials and Design, 36, pp. 306-315. 2. Akil, H., Omar, M.F., Mazuki, A.A.M., Safiee, S.Z.A.M., Ishak, Z.A.M., and Bakar, A.A., 2011. Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Composites: A Review. Materials and Design, 32(8), pp. 4107-4121. 3. Amaducci, S., Amaducci, M.T., Benati, R., and Venturi, G., 2000. Crop Yield and Quality Parameters of Four Annual Fibre Crops in the North of Italy. Industrial Crops and Products, 11(2), pp. 179-186. 4. Anderson, A.E. (1992), Friction and Wear of Automotive Brakes, ASM Handbook, 18, pp. 569-577. 5. Ashby, M.F., and Cebon, D., 2007. Teaching Engineering Materials: The CES EduPack. Engineering Department, Cambridge University, pp.1-13 6. Azwa, Z.N., and Yousif, B.F., 2013. Characteristics of Kenaf Fibre/Epoxy Composites Subjected to Thermal Degradation. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 98(12), pp. 2752-2759. 7. Baranyi, J., Pin, C., and Ross, T., 1999. Validating and Comparing Predictive Models. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 48(3), pp. 159-166. 8. Behera, F.K., and Murali, M.G.B., 2015. Study of the Mechanical Properties and Erosion Properties of Jute-Epoxy Composite Filled with SiC Particulate. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science, 3(2), pp. 10-18. 9. Bergman, F., Eriksson, M., and Jacobson, S., 1999. Influence of Disc Topography on Generation of Brake Squeal. Wear, 225, pp. 621-628. 10. Bijwe, J., 1997. Composites as Friction Materials: Recent Developments in Non‐Asbestos Fibre Reinforced Friction Materials - A Review. Polymer Composites 18(3), pp. 378-396. 11. Blau, P.J., and McLaughlin, J.C., 2003. Effects of Water Films and Sliding Speed on the Frictional Behavior of Truck Disc Brake Materials. Tribology International, 36(10), pp. 709-715. 12. Bogoeva‐Gaceva, G., Avella, M., Malinconico, M., Buzarovska, A., Grozdanov, A., Gentile, G., and Errico, M.E., 2007. Natural Fibre Eco‐Composites. Polymer Composites, 28(1), pp. 98-107. 13. Börjesson, M., Eriksson, P., Kuylenstierna, C., Nilsson, P.H. and Hermansson, T., 1993. The Role of Friction Films in Automotive Brakes Subjected To Low Contact Forces. In Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Braking of Road Vehicles, pp. 257-267. 14. Chan, D., and Stachowiak, G.W., 2004. Review of Automotive Brake Friction Materials. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 218(9), pp. 953-966. 15. Chang, B.P., Akil, H.M., Nasir, R.B., and Khan, A., 2015. Optimization on Wear Performance of UHMWPE Composites Using Response Surface Methodology. Tribology International, 88, pp. 252-262. 16. Chin, C.W., and Yousif, B.F., 2009. Potential of Kenaf Fibres as Reinforcement for Tribological Applications. Wear, 267(9), pp. 1550-1557. 17. Chin, C.W., and Yousif, B.F., 2010. Tribological Behaviour of KFRE Composite. International Journal of Modern Physics B, 24(28), pp. 5589-5599. 18. Cho, M.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, D., and Jang, H., 2005. Effects of Ingredients on Tribological Characteristics of a Brake Lining: An Experimental Case Study. Wear, 258(11), pp. 1682-1687. 19. Crosa, G., and Baumvol, I.J.R., 1993. Tribology of Composites Used as Friction Materials. Advances in Composite Tribology, Composite Materials Series, 8, pp. 583-625. 20. Dagwa, I.M., and Ibhadode, A.O.A., 2005. Design and Manufacture of Automobile Disk Brake Pad Test Rig. Nigerian Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 4(3), pp. 15-24. 21. Denes, A.R., Tshabalala, M.A., Rowell, R., Denes, F., and Young, R.A., 1999. Hexamethyldisiloxane-Plasma Coating of Wood Surfaces for Creating Water Repellent Characteristics. Holzforschung, 53(3), pp. 318-326. 22. Dwivedi, U.K. and Chand, N., 2009. Influence of Fibre Orientation on Friction and Sliding Wear Behaviour of Jute Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composite. Applied Composite Materials, 16(2), pp. 93-100. 23. Edeerozey, A.M., Akil, H.M., Azhar, A.B., and Ariffin, M.Z., 2007. Chemical Modification of Kenaf Fibers. Materials Letters, 61(10), pp. 2023-2025. 24. El-Tayeb, N.S.M., and Liew, K.W., 2009. On the Dry and Wet Sliding Performance of Potentially New Frictional Brake Pad Materials for Automotive Industry. Wear, 266(1), pp. 275-287. 25. Eriksson, M., Bergman, F., and Jacobson, S., 2002. On the Nature of Tribological Contact in Automotive Brakes. Wear, 252(1), pp. 26-36. 26. Ertan, R., and Yavuz, N., 2010. An Experimental Study on The Effects of Manufacturing Parameters on The Tribological Properties of Brake Lining Materials. Wear, 268(11), pp. 1524-1532. 27. Faruk, O., Bledzki, A.K., Fink, H.P., and Sain, M., 2012. Biocomposites Reinforced With Natural Fibres: 2000–2010. Progress in Polymer Science, 37(11), pp. 1552-1596. 28. Filip, P., and Wright, M.A., 1996. Formulation–Performance Relationships in Phenolic Resin Matrix Composite Materials for Friction Applications. Quarterly Report to The Center for Advanced Friction Studies, 1(2), pp. 35-98. 29. Fu, Z., Suo, B., Yun, R., Lu, Y., Wang, H., Qi, S., Jiang, S., Lu, Y., and Matejka, V., 2012. Development of Eco-Friendly Brake Friction Composites Containing Flax Fibers. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 31(10), pp. 681-689. 30. Ghassemieh, E., 2011. Materials in automotive application, state of the art and prospects. New Trends and Developments in Automotive Industry, pp. 365-394. 31. George, J., Sreekala M.S., Thomas, S., 2001. A Review on Interface Modification and Characterization of Natural Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composites. Polymer Engineering and Science, 41(9), pp. 1471-1485. 32. Goriparthi, B.K., Suman, K.N.S., and Rao, N.M., 2012. Effect of Fibre Surface Treatments on Mechanical and Abrasive Wear Performance of Polylactide/Jute Composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 43(10), pp. 1800-1808. 33. Han, L., Huang, L., Zhang, J., and Lu, Y., 2006. Optimization of Ceramic Friction Materials. Composites Science and Technology, 66(15), pp. 2895-2906. 34. Hee, K.W., and Filip, P., 2005. Performance of Ceramic Enhanced Phenolic Matrix Brake Lining Materials for Automotive Brake Linings. Wear, 259(7), pp. 1088-1096. 35. Howell, G.J., and Ball, A., 1995. Dry Sliding Wear of Particulate-Reinforced Aluminium Alloys Against Automobile Friction Materials. Wear, 181, pp. 379-390. 36. Hsu, S.M., 2006. Surface Texturing: Principles and Design. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Maryland, USA. pp. 1-34. 37. Jacob, G.C., Starbuck, J.M., Fellers, J.F., Simunovic, S., and Boeman, R.G., 2006. Crashworthiness of Various Random Chopped Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite Materials and Their Strain Rate Dependence. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 101(3), pp. 1477-1486. 38. Jacob, M., Thomas, S., and Varughese, K.T., 2004. Mechanical Properties of Sisal/Oil Palm Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites. Composites Science and Technology, 64(7), pp. 955-965. 39. Jacobson, S., and Hogmark, S., 2009. Surface Modifications in Tribological Contacts. Wear, 266(3), pp. 370-378. 40. Jourani, A., and Bouvier, S., 2015. Friction and Wear Mechanisms of 316L Stainless Steel in Dry Sliding Contact: Effect of Abrasive Particle Size. Tribology Transactions, 58(1), pp. 131-139. 41. Kim, H.J., and Seo, D.W., 2006. Effect of Water Absorption Fatigue on Mechanical Properties of Sisal Textile-Reinforced Composites. International Journal of Fatigue, 28(10), pp. 1307-1314. 42. Kim, S.J., Cho, M.H., Basch, R.H., Fash, J.W., and Jang, H., 2004. Tribological Properties of Polymer Composites Containing Barite (BaSO4) or Potassium Titanate (K2O· 6 (TiO2)). Tribology Letters, 17(3), pp .655-661. 43. Kim, S.J., and Jang, H., 2000. Friction and Wear of Friction Materials Containing Two Different Phenolic Resins Reinforced with Aramid Pulp. Tribology International, 33(7), pp. 477-484. 44. Kinkaid, N.M., O'Reilly, O.M., and Papadopoulos, P., 2003. Automotive Disc Brake Squeal. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 267(1), pp. 105-166. 45. Kranthi, G., Nayak, R., Biswas, S., and Satapathy, A., 2010. Wear Performance Evaluation of Pine Wood Dust Filled Epoxy Composites. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advancements in Polymeric Materials, pp. 1-5. 46. Kukutschová, J., Roubíček, V., Mašláň, M., Jančík, D., Slovák, V., Malachová, K., Pavlíčková, Z., and Filip, P., 2010. Wear Performance and Wear Debris of Semimetallic Automotive Brake Materials. Wear, 268(1), pp.86-93. 47. Kumar, M., and Bijwe, J., 2013. Optimized Selection of Metallic Fillers for Best Combination of Performance Properties of Friction Materials: A Comprehensive Study. Wear, 303(1), pp. 569-583. 48. Kumar, M.S., Raju, N.M.S., Sampath, P.S., and Vivek, U., 2015. Tribological Analysis of Nano Clay/Epoxy/Glass Fiber by Using Taguchi’s Technique. Materials and Design, 70, pp. 1-9. 49. Li, X., Tabil, L.G., and Panigrahi, S., 2007. Chemical Treatments of Natural Fibre for Use in Natural Fibre Reinforced Composites: A Review. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 15(1), pp. 25-33. 50. Lu, Y., 2006. A Combinatorial Approach for Automotive Friction Materials: Effects of Ingredients on Friction Performance. Composites Science and Technology, 66(3), pp. 591-598. 51. Lv, M., Zheng, F., Wang, Q., Wang, T., and Liang, Y., 2015. Friction and Wear Behaviours of Carbon and Aramid Fibres Reinforced Polyimide Composites in Simulated Space Environment. Tribology International, 92, pp. 246-254. 52. Mahapatra, S.S., and Chaturvedi, V., 2009. Modelling and Analysis of Abrasive Wear Performance of Composites Using Taguchi Approach. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 1(1), pp. 123-135. 53. Matějka, V., Fu, Z., Kukutschová, J., Qi, S., Jiang, S., Zhang, X., Yun, R., Vaculík, M., Heliová, M. and Lu, Y., 2013. Jute Fibers and Powderized Hazelnut Shells as Natural Fillers in Non-Asbestos Organic Non-Metallic Friction Composites. Materials and Design, 51, pp. 847-853. 54. Mazuki, A.A.M., Akil, H.M., Safiee, S., Ishak, Z.A.M., and Bakar, A.A., 2011. Degradation of Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Pultruded Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Composites After Immersion in Various Solutions. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42(1), pp. 71-76. 55. Menezes, P.L., Rohatgi, P.K., and Lovell, M.R., 2012. Studies on the Tribological Behaviour of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite. Green Tribology, pp. 329-345. 56. Mohammed, L., Ansari, M.N., Pua, G., Jawaid, M., and Islam, M.S., 2015. A Review on Natural Fibree Reinforced Polymer Composite and its Applications. International Journal of Polymer Science, pp. 1-15. 57. Mohanty, J.R., Das, S.N., Das, H.C., and Swain, S.K., 2014. Effect of Chemically Modified Date Palm Leaf Fibre on Mechanical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Fibres and Polymers, 15(5), pp. 1062-1070. 58. Mutlu, I., 2009. Investigation of Tribological Properties of Brake Pads by using Rice Straw and Rice Husk Dust. Journal of Applied Science, 9(2), pp. 377-381. 59. Mutlu, I., Eldogan, O., and Findik, F., 2006. Tribological Properties of Some Phenolic Composites Suggested for Automotive Brakes. Tribology International, 39(4), pp. 317-325. 60. Narish, S., Yousif, B.F., and Rilling, D., 2011. Adhesive Wear of Thermoplastic Composite Based on Kenaf Fibres. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 225(2), pp. 101-109. 61. Nirmal, U., Hashim, J., and Ahmad, M.M., 2015. A Review on Tribological Performance of Natural Fibre Polymeric Composites. Tribology International, 83, pp. 77-104. 62. Nosbi, N., Akil, H.M., Ishak, Z.M., and Bakar, A.A., 2010. Degradation of Compressive Properties of Pultruded Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Composites After Immersion in Various Solutions. Materials and Design, 31(10), pp. 4960-4964. 63. O’Hare, J., Cope, E., and Warde, S., 2011. Five Steps To Eco Design, Improving The Environmental Performance of Products Through Design. Granta Design Limited, pp. 1-12. 64. Österle, W., and Urban, I., 2004. Friction Layers and Friction Films on PMC Brake Pads. Wear, 257(1), pp. 215-226. 65. Pugh, S., 1991. Total Design: Integrated Methods for Successful Product Engineering. Addison-Wesley. 66. Ramazzini, C., 2010. Asbestos is Still With Us: Repeat Call for a Universal Ban. Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health, 65(3), pp. 121-126. 67. Roy, R.K., 2001. Design of Experiments Using the Taguchi Approach: 16 Steps to Product and Process Improvement. John Wiley and Sons. 68. Sanjay, M.R., Arpitha, G.R., and Yogesha, B., 2015. Study on Mechanical Properties of Natural-Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Composites: A Review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2(4), pp. 2959-2967. 69. Satapathy, B.K. and Bijwe, J., 2006. Composite Friction Materials Based on Organic Fibres: Sensitivity of Friction and Wear to Operating Variables. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37(10), pp. 1557-1567. 70. Satapathy, B.K., Patnaik, A., Dadkar, N., Rath, P., and Tomar, B.S., 2012. Investigations on Friction-Fade and Friction-Recovery Performance of Phenolic Composites Based on Fly Ash–Graphite Combinations for Braking Applications. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 226(5), pp. 439-450. 71. Shalwan, A., and Yousif, B.F., 2014. Influence of Date Palm Fibre and Graphite Filler on Mechanical and Wear Characteristics Of Epoxy Composites. Materials and Design, 59, pp. 264-273. 72. Shibata, K., Goto, A., Yoshida, S., Azuma, Y., and Nakamura, K., 1993. Development of Brake Friction Material (No. 930806). SAE Technical Paper. 73. Shojaei, A., Fahimian, M. and Derakhshandeh, B., 2007. Thermally Conductive Rubber-Based Composite Friction Materials for Railroad Brakes–Thermal Conduction Characteristics. Composites Science and Technology, 67(13), pp .2665-2674. 74. Sumaila, M., Ugheoke, B.I., Timon, L., and Oloyede, T., 2006. A Preliminary Mechanical Characterization of Polyurethane Filled with Lignocellulosic Material. Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 1(5), pp. 159-166. 75. Taguchi, G., and Cariapa, V., 1993. Taguchi on Robust Technology Development. 76. Talib, R.J., Muchtar, A., and Azhari, C.H., 2003. Microstructural Characteristics on the Surface and Subsurface of Semimetallic Automotive Friction Materials During Braking Process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 140(1), pp. 694-699. 77. Tang, G., Hu, X., Sun, D.J., Li, X.L., Chen, Q.L., and Wang, W., 2016. The Research on the Friction and Wear Properties of Ionic Liquid-Treated Cellulose Fibre-Filled Polyoxymethylene Composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 29(2), pp. 270-280. 78. Unal, H., Saylan, T., and Mimaroglu, A., 2014. Thermal, Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Polymer Composites Rubbed Against Polymer Composites in Application in Electrical Contact Breakers. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 228(6), pp. 608-615. 79. Wambua, P., Ivens, J., and Verpoest, I., 2003. Natural Fibres: Can They Replace Glass in Fibre Reinforced Plastics?. Composites Science and Technology, 63(9), pp. 1259-1264. 80. Wei, C., Zeng, M., Xiong, X., Liu, H., Luo, K., and Liu, T., 2015. Friction Properties of Sisal Fiber/Nano‐Silica Reinforced Phenol Formaldehyde Composites. Polymer Composites, 36(3), pp. 433-438. 81. Yallew, T.B., Kumar, P., and Singh, I., 2014. Sliding Wear Properties of Jute Fabric Reinforced Polypropylene Composites. Procedia Engineering, 97, pp. 402-411. 82. Yousif, B.F., and El-Tayeb, N.S.M., 2007. The Effect of Oil Palm Fibres as Reinforcement on Tribological Performance of Polyester Composite. Surface Review and Letters, 14(06), pp. 1095-1102. 83. Yousif, B.F., and El-Tayeb, N.S.M., 2008. Adhesive Wear Performance of T-OPRP and UT-OPRP Composites. Tribology Letters 32(3) pp. 199-208. 84. Yousif, B.F., 2013. Replacing of Glass Fibres With Seed Oil Palm Fibres for Tribopolymeric Composites. Tribology-Materials, Surfaces and Interfaces, 2(2), pp. 99-103. 85. Yousif, B.F., 2009. Frictional and Wear Performance Of Polyester Composites Based on Coir Fibres. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 223(1), pp. 51-59. 86. Yousif, B., Leong, O.B., Ong, L.K., and Jye, W.K., 2009. The Effect of Treatment on Tribo-Performance of CFRP Composites. Recent Patents on Materials Science, 2(1), pp. 67-74. 87. Yu, D., Xu, M., Yao, H., Liu, X., Zhou, K., Li, L., and Wen, C., 2009. Mechanisms of the Central Mode Particle Formation During Pulverized Coal Combustion. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 32(2), pp. 2075-2082. 88. Yun, R., Filip, P., and Lu, Y., 2010. Performance and Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Brake Friction Materials. Tribology International, 43(11), pp. 2010-2019. 89. Zampaloni, M., Pourboghrat, F., Yankovich, S.A., Rodgers, B.N., Moore, J., Drzal, L.T., Mohanty, A.K., and Misra, M., 2007. Kenaf Natural Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: A Discussion on Manufacturing Problems and Solutions. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 38(6), pp. 1569-1580. 90. Zhang, X., Pei, X., Wang, Q., and Wang, T., 2015. Friction and Wear of Potassium Titanate Whisker Filled Carbon Fabric/Phenolic Polymer Composites. ASME Journal of Tribology, 137(1), pp. 26-32.

Selection And Optimization Of Kenaf/Epoxy Composite As An Alternative Friction Material

Similar Items