The Influence Of Friction Stir Welding Parameters On Mechanical Properties Of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy

Aluminum alloy 6061 is frequently utilized for construction of aircraft structures, such as aerostructures and wings, which is the most common in home built aircraft than commercial or military aircraft. It is generally present low weldability by conventional fusion welding process. The advancement...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Mohsin Hameed, Atiyah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	T Technology (General) TS Manufactures
Online Access:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20781/1/The%20Influence%20Of%20Friction%20Stir%20Welding%20Parameters%20On%20Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%206061-T6%20Aluminum%20Alloy%20-%20Mohsin%20Hameed%20Atiyah%20-%2024%20Pages.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20781/2/The%20Influence%20Of%20Friction%20Stir%20Welding%20Parameters%20On%20Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%206061-T6%20Aluminum%20Alloy.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-utem-ep.20781
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection	UTeM Repository
language	English English
advisor	Mohd Rosli, Zulkifli
topic	T Technology (General) TS Manufactures
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) TS Manufactures Mohsin Hameed, Atiyah The Influence Of Friction Stir Welding Parameters On Mechanical Properties Of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy
description	Aluminum alloy 6061 is frequently utilized for construction of aircraft structures, such as aerostructures and wings, which is the most common in home built aircraft than commercial or military aircraft. It is generally present low weldability by conventional fusion welding process. The advancement of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has provided an alternative improved means of suitably producing weld joint of AA6061-T6. Unlike in conventional fusion welding, friction stir welds will not confront troubles like distortion, porosity and cracking, and welds are produced with good surface finish. The welding parameters rotational speed and welding speed play a key role in determining the joint characteristics. This experimental study presents the effect of welding parameters (rotational speed and welding speed) on hardness, tensile strength, bending strength and microstructure of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy joints produced by FSW. In this study, FSW is performed using CNC vertical milling machine with three different welding speeds of (50, 100, 150 mm/min) and three different tool rotation speeds of (800, 1000, 1200 rpm). Tool made of steel (H13) consisting of 12 mm diameter shoulder and 4 mm diameter pin with an overall height of 2.8 mm making it little shorter than the plate thickness (3mm). The outcomes refer that the best tensile strength of FSW joints is 163 MPa and joint efficiency is 72% which were welded with welding parameters of (1200 rpm and 50 mm/min). It was observed that the tensile strength, joint efficiency, hardness, and bending strength of the weldments increased with increasing the tool rotation speed and decreasing travel speed. The microstructure of the welded specimens has been studied by using optical microscopy. The formation of fine equiaxed grains and very fine strengthening precipitates (Mg₂Si) in the stir or weld region are the reasons for higher tensile strength, bending strength and hardness of FSW joints.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohsin Hameed, Atiyah
author_facet	Mohsin Hameed, Atiyah
author_sort	Mohsin Hameed, Atiyah
title	The Influence Of Friction Stir Welding Parameters On Mechanical Properties Of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy
title_short	The Influence Of Friction Stir Welding Parameters On Mechanical Properties Of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy
title_full	The Influence Of Friction Stir Welding Parameters On Mechanical Properties Of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy
title_fullStr	The Influence Of Friction Stir Welding Parameters On Mechanical Properties Of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy
title_full_unstemmed	The Influence Of Friction Stir Welding Parameters On Mechanical Properties Of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy
title_sort	influence of friction stir welding parameters on mechanical properties of 6061-t6 aluminum alloy
granting_institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department	Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering
publishDate	2016
url	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20781/1/The%20Influence%20Of%20Friction%20Stir%20Welding%20Parameters%20On%20Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%206061-T6%20Aluminum%20Alloy%20-%20Mohsin%20Hameed%20Atiyah%20-%2024%20Pages.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20781/2/The%20Influence%20Of%20Friction%20Stir%20Welding%20Parameters%20On%20Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%206061-T6%20Aluminum%20Alloy.pdf
_version_	1747834004828061696
spelling	my-utem-ep.207812022-03-30T08:25:03Z The Influence Of Friction Stir Welding Parameters On Mechanical Properties Of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy 2016 Mohsin Hameed, Atiyah T Technology (General) TS Manufactures Aluminum alloy 6061 is frequently utilized for construction of aircraft structures, such as aerostructures and wings, which is the most common in home built aircraft than commercial or military aircraft. It is generally present low weldability by conventional fusion welding process. The advancement of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has provided an alternative improved means of suitably producing weld joint of AA6061-T6. Unlike in conventional fusion welding, friction stir welds will not confront troubles like distortion, porosity and cracking, and welds are produced with good surface finish. The welding parameters rotational speed and welding speed play a key role in determining the joint characteristics. This experimental study presents the effect of welding parameters (rotational speed and welding speed) on hardness, tensile strength, bending strength and microstructure of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy joints produced by FSW. In this study, FSW is performed using CNC vertical milling machine with three different welding speeds of (50, 100, 150 mm/min) and three different tool rotation speeds of (800, 1000, 1200 rpm). Tool made of steel (H13) consisting of 12 mm diameter shoulder and 4 mm diameter pin with an overall height of 2.8 mm making it little shorter than the plate thickness (3mm). The outcomes refer that the best tensile strength of FSW joints is 163 MPa and joint efficiency is 72% which were welded with welding parameters of (1200 rpm and 50 mm/min). It was observed that the tensile strength, joint efficiency, hardness, and bending strength of the weldments increased with increasing the tool rotation speed and decreasing travel speed. The microstructure of the welded specimens has been studied by using optical microscopy. The formation of fine equiaxed grains and very fine strengthening precipitates (Mg₂Si) in the stir or weld region are the reasons for higher tensile strength, bending strength and hardness of FSW joints. 2016 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20781/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20781/1/The%20Influence%20Of%20Friction%20Stir%20Welding%20Parameters%20On%20Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%206061-T6%20Aluminum%20Alloy%20-%20Mohsin%20Hameed%20Atiyah%20-%2024%20Pages.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/20781/2/The%20Influence%20Of%20Friction%20Stir%20Welding%20Parameters%20On%20Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%206061-T6%20Aluminum%20Alloy.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=104959 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering Mohd Rosli, Zulkifli 1. Aydın, H., Bayram, A., Uğuz, A., & Akay, K. S., 2009. Tensile properties of friction stir welded joints of 2024 aluminum alloys in different heat-treated-state. Materials & Design, 30(6), pp. 2211-2221. 2. Attallah, M. M., Davis, C. L., & Strangwood, M., 2007. Microstructure-microhardness relationships in friction stir welded AA5251. Journal of materials science, 42(17), pp. 7299-7306. 3. Azom, 2006. Aluminium Alloy 6061 - Composition, Properties, Temper and Applications of 6061 Aluminium. [online] 4. Available at: http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3328. [Accessed on 11 Jun, 2013]. 5. Adamowski, J., & Szkodo, M., 2007. Friction Stir Welds (FSW) of aluminium alloy AW6082-T6. Journal of Achievements in materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 20(1-2), pp. 403-406. 6. Awang, M., Ahmat, I. M., & Hussain, P., 2011. Experience on Friction Stir Welding and Friction Stir Spot Welding at Universiti Teknologi Petronas. Journal of Applied Sciences, 11, pp. 1959-1965. 7. Abbass, M. K., Ameen, H. A., & Hassan, K. S., 2011. Effect of heat treatment on corrosion resistance of friction stir welded AA 2024 aluminum alloy. Am J Sci Ind Res, 2(2), pp. 297-306. 8. Babu, N., Kumar, A., & Davidson, M., 2011. A Review of Friction Stir Welding of AA6061 Aluminum Alloy. J. Eng. Appl. Sci, 6(4), pp. 61-63. 9. Babu, G. R., Murti, K. G. K., & Janardhana, G. R., 2008. An experimental study on the effect of welding parameters on mechanical and microstructural properties of AA 6082 T6 friction stir welded butt joints. Arpn journal of engineering and applied sciences, 3(5), pp. 68-74. 10. Brown, S., McClure, C., 1999."Low-Temperature Friction Stir Welding of 2024 Aluminum" Sc. Mat., Vol. 41, pp. 809-815. 11. Bheemanna, G., 2014. Frictions stir welding of AA6061 by using straight and taper cylindrical threaded tools and evaluating its parameters. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 50(5-10), pp. 384-406. 12. Cavaliere, P., Nobile, R., Panella, F. W., & Squillace, A., 2006. Mechanical and microstructural behaviour of 2024–7075 aluminium alloy sheets joined by friction stir welding. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 46(6), pp. 588-594. 13. Chen, C. M., & Kovacevic, R., 2004. Joining of Al 6061 alloy to AISI 1018 steel by combined effects of fusion and solid state welding. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 44(11), pp. 1205-1214. 14. Chandu, E.Venkateswara Rao, A.Srinivasa Rao, B.V.Subrahmanyam, 2014. The Strength of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloy 6061. International Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering & Technology. IJRMET Vol. 4(1), pp. 122. 15. Cui, L., Yang, X., Zhou, G., Xu, X., & Shen, Z., 2012. Characteristics of defects and tensile behaviors on friction stir welded AA6061-T4 T-joints. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 543, pp. 58-68. 16. Colegrove, P. A., & Shercliff, H. R., 2005. 3-dimensional CFD modeling of flow round a threaded friction stir welding tool profile. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 169(2), pp. 320-327. 17. Cavaliere, P., Squillace, A., & Panella, F., 2008. Effect of welding parameters on mechanical and microstructural properties of AA6082 joints produced by friction stir welding. Journal of materials processing technology, 200(1), pp. 364-372. 18. Colligan, K. J. (2007). “Friction Stir Welding For Ship Construction”. Concurent Technologies Corporation. 19. Deplus, K., Simar, A., Van Haver, W., & de Meester, B., 2011. Residual stresses in aluminium alloy friction stir welds. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 56(5-8), pp. 493-504. 20. Dubourg, L., Dacheux, P., 2006. “Design and properties of FSW tools: a literature review”. 6th International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding. Session 01 paper 62. 21. Elangovan, K., & Balasubramanian, V., 2008. Influences of post-weld heat treatment on tensile properties of friction stir-welded AA6061 aluminum alloy joints. Materials characterization, 59(9), pp. 1168-1177. 22. Elangovan, K., & Balasubramanian, V., 2008. Influences of tool pin profile and tool shoulder diameter on the formation of friction stir processing zone in AA6061 aluminum alloy. Materials & Design, 29(2), pp. 362-373. 23. Feng, A. H., Chen, D. L., & Ma, Z. Y., 2009. Effect of welding parameters on microstructure and tensile properties of friction stir welded 6061 AL joints. In Materials Science Forum, vol. 618, pp. 41-44. 24. Frigaard, O., Grong, O., & Midling, O. T., 2001. A process model for friction stir welding of age hardening aluminum alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 32(5), pp. 1189. 25. Gene, 2002. "The Welding of Aluminum and its Alloys", Wood head Publishing Ltd, pp.160-166. 26. Groover, M. P., 2007. Fundamentals of modern manufacturing: materials processes, and systems. John Wiley & Sons. 27. Genevois, C. C., 2005. Quantitative investigation of precipitation and mechanical behaviour for AA2024 friction stir welds. Acta Materialia, 53(8), pp. 2447-2458. 28. Huseyin Uzun, 2007. Friction stir welding of SiC particulate reinforced AA2124 Aluminium alloy matrix composite. Materials and Design , vol 28, pp. 1440–1446. 29. Heinz, B., & Skrotzki, B., 2002. Characterization of a friction-stir-welded aluminum alloy 6013. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 33(3), pp. 489. 30. Iordachescu, J., Ruiz Hervias, D., Iordachescu, E., Scutelmin, J.A. Porro, 2008. Residual Stress Analysis of Friction Stir Processed AA6061. Safety and reliability of welded components. 12(3), pp. 326-328. 31. Indira, M., Marpu, R. N., & ACS, K., 2011. A study of process parameters of friction stir welded AA 6061 aluminum alloy in O and T6 conditions. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6(2), pp. 1819-6608. 32. Jin, H., Saimoto, S., Ball, M., & Threadgill, P. L., 2001. Characterisation of microstructure and texture in friction stir welded joints of 5754 and 5182 aluminium alloy sheets. Materials science and technology, 17(12), pp. 1605-1614. 33. Jayaraman, M., Sivasubramanian, R., Balasubramanian, V., 2009. Effect of process parameters on tensile strength of friction stir welded cast LM6 aluminum alloy joints. Journal of Materials Processing and Manufacturing Science, 25, pp. 146-153. 34. Jata, K. V., & Semiatin, S. L., 2000. Continuous dynamic recrystallization during friction stir welding of high strength aluminum alloys. Scripta Materialia, 43(8), pp. 743. 35. Jata, K. V. Sankaran, K. K. and Ruschau, J. J. 2000. “Friction-stir welding effects on microstructure and fatigue of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451”. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 31(9), pp. 2181. 36. Kulekci, M. K., Kaluç, E., Sik, A., & Basturk, O., 2010. Experimental Comparison of MIG and Friction Stir Welding Processes for En AW-6061-T6 (Al Mg-1 Si Cu) Aluminium Alloy. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 35(1B), pp. 322. 37. Kalpakijan, S., & Schmid, R. S., 1997. Manufacturing processes for engineering materials. 38. Kumbhar, N. T. and K. Bhanumurthy, 2008. Friction Stir Welding of AA 6061 alloy. Asian J. Exp. Sci. 22, pp. 63-68. 39. Kang, Rui-dong Fu , Guo-hong Luan , Chun-lin Dong and Miao He, 2010. "In-Situ Investigation on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Joint of AA2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy". Corrosion Science, Vol. 52, pp. 620–626. 40. Kranthi, B. and Bheemanna, G., 2014. Frictions stir welding of AA6061 by using straight and taper cylindrical threaded tools and evaluating its parameters. International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology, 2(9), pp. 950-953. 41. Kwon, Y. J., Saito, N., & Shigematsu, I., 2002. Friction stir process as a new manufacturing technique of ultrafine grained aluminum alloy. Journal of Materials Science Letters, 21(19), pp. 1473. 42. Kim, G., H. Fujii, T. Tsumura, T. Komazaki, K. Nakata., 2006. Materials Science and Engineering A, 415, pp. 250-254. 43. Kosec, A. Nagode, I. Budak, A. Antic, B. Kosec., 2011. Engineering Failure Analysis, 18, 1, pp. 450-454. 44. Krishnan, K. N., 2002. On the formation of onion rings in friction stir welds. Materials Science and Engineering A, 327(2), pp. 246-251. 45. Kwon, Y. J., Saito, N., & Shigematsu, I., 2002. Friction stir process as a new manufacturing technique of ultrafine grained aluminum alloy. Journal of Materials Science Letters, 21(19), pp. 1473. 46. Kumar, R., Singh, R. K. R., & Bajpai, A. K., 2013. Mechanical Properties Of Friction Stir Welded 6061 Aluminium Alloy. In International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, vol. 2(8), pp.162. 47. Lim, S., Kim, S., Lee, C. G., & Kim, S., 2004. Tensile behavior of friction-stri-welded Al 6061-T651. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 35(9), pp. 2829-2835. 48. Leon, J. S., & Jayakumar, V., 2014. Investigation of mechanical properties of aluminium 6061 alloy friction stir welding. American Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, 1(1), pp. 6. 49. Liu, H. J., Hou, J. C., & Guo, H., 2013. Effect of welding speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of self-reacting friction stir welded 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Materials & Design, 50, pp. 872-878. 50. Lakshminarayanan, A. K., Balasubramanian, V., & Elangovan, K., 2009. Effect of welding processes on tensile properties of AA6061 aluminium alloy joints. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 40(3-4), pp. 286-296. 51. Liu, H. Fuiji, M. Maeda, K, Nogi., 2003. Tensile properties and fracture locations of friction-stir welded joints of 6061-T6 aluminium Alloy. Mater. Sci. Lett. pp. 22. 52. Mohandas, T., & Madhusudan Reddy, G., 1996. Effect of frequency of pulsing in gas tungsten arc welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloy welds: A technical note. Journal of materials science letters, 15(7), pp. 626-628. 53. Munoz, A. C., Rückert, G., Huneau, B., Sauvage, X., & Marya, S., 2008. Comparison of TIG welded and friction stir welded Al–4.5 Mg–0.26 Sc alloy. journal of materials processing technology, 197(1), pp. 337-343. 54. Mohanad, O., Y., 2007. "Investigation of Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics of Friction Stir Welded Joints". PhD Thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Engineering, 20(8), pp. 125-130. 55. Mencin, P., Van Tyne, C. J., & Levy, B. S., 2009. A method for measuring the hardness of the surface layer on hot forging dies using a nanoindenter. Journal of materials engineering and performance, 18(8), pp. 1067-1072. 56. Maggiolino, S., & Schmid, C., 2008. Corrosion resistance in FSW and in MIG welding techniques of AA6XXX. Journal of materials processing technology, 197(1), pp. 237-240. 57. Mishra, R. S., & Ma, Z. Y., 2005. Friction stirs welding and processing. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 50(1-2), pp. 1-78. 58. Mohanad Okab, 2007 ."Investigation of Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics of Friction Stir Welded Joints", PhD the University of Baghdad, vol.32, No. 2, pp. 682-687. 59. Moreira, P. M. G. P., Santos, T., Tavares, S. M. O., Richter-Trummer, V., Vilaça, P., & De Castro, P. M. S. T., 2009. Mechanical and metallurgical characterization of friction stir welding joints of AA6061-T6 with AA6082-T6. Materials & Design, 30(1), pp. 180-187. 60. Norma, A. S. T. M., 1997. E190-92 Standard Test Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Welds. Filadelfia (EE. UU.): American Society for Testing and Materials. 61. Nazar Abdulwadood, Burak Sahin, Nihat Yildirim, 2012. Effect of welding parameters on the mechanical properties of dissimilar Aluminum alloys 2024-T3 TO 6061-T6 joints produced by friction stir welding. Nigde Universitesi Muhendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), pp. 1-11. 62. Pouget, G., & Reynolds, A. P., 2008. Residual stress and microstructure effects on fatigue crack growth in AA2050 friction stir welds. International Journal of Fatigue, 30(3), pp. 463-472. 63. Qian, J. L. Li, F. Sun, J. T. Xiong, F. S. Zhang, X. Lin., 2013. Progress in Materials Science, 68, pp. 175-178. 64. Rajakumar, S., Muralidharan, C., & Balasubramanian, V., 2011. Predicting tensile strength, hardness and corrosion rate of friction stir welded AA6061-T 6 aluminium alloy joints. Materials & Design, 32(5), pp. 2878-2890. 65. Ravi kumar, S., Sheshagiri, V., & Atish Rangan, 2013 “Evaluation of Bending strength for Dissimilar friction stir welded AA 6061 T651- AA7075 T-651 Aluminum Alloy Butt joint” 2nd International conference on trends in industrial & mechanical engineering, PP. 38-41. 66. Ren, S.R., Ma.Z.Y., and Chen.L.Q., 2006. “Effect of Welding Parameters on Tensile Properties and Fracture Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Al-Mg-Si Alloy”, ScriptaMaterialia 56, pp. 69-72. 67. Raghu, K., G., Murti and G. Ranga Janardhana, 2008. An Experimental Study on The Effect of Welding Parameters on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of AA6082-T6 Friction Stir Welded Butt Joints, Engineering and Applied Sciences VOL. 3, ARPN Journal of, NO. 5. ISSN 1819-6608, pp. 68-64. 68. Sanders, R. E., 2001. Technology innovation in aluminum products. JOM, 53(2), pp. 21-25. 69. Shtrikman, M., 2008. Current state and development of friction stir welding Part 3. Industrial application of friction stir welding. Welding International, 22(11), pp. 806-815. 70. Selvamani, S., Umanath K and Palanikumar K3., 2013. Heat Transfer Analysis during Friction Stir Welding of Al6061-T6 Alloy. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), Vol. 1, Issue (4), pp. 1453-1460. 71. Standard Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Welds, ASTM E190, 1980. 72. Schubert, E., Klassen, M., Zerner, I., Walz, C., & Sepold, G., 2001. Light-weight structures produced by laser beam joining for future applications in automobile and aerospace industry. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 115(1), pp. 2-8. 73. Shukla and Shah, R., K., 2010 "Comparative Study of Friction Stir Welding and Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process". Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.3, No.6, pp. 667-671. 74. Soundararajan, V., Zekovic, S., & Kovacevic, R., 2005. Thermo-mechanical model with adaptive boundary conditions for friction stir welding of al 6061. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 45(14), pp. 1577-1587. 75. Sadiq, S., Thiru Chitrambalam, Abd Salam Md Tahir, and Izamshah, R., 2015. Generated forces and heat during the critical stages of FSW and processing. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 29 (10), pp. 1-10. 76. Schmidt H., Hattel J., and Wert J., 2004 “An analytical model for the heat generation in friction stir welding.” Modelling and Simulation in Science and Engineering. 12(5), pp. 143-157. 77. Shaker, S., Moneer, H., Nameer, A., 2012. The Influence of Friction Stir Welding and Process Parameters on the Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy Weldments. Eng.&Tech. Journal,Vol. 30 , No.4 , pp. 556-566. 78. Threadgill, P. L., 2007. Terminologies in friction stir welding. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Volume 12, Issue 4, pp. 357-360. 79. Thomas, W. M. Nicholas, J. C. Needham, M. G. and Murch, P. 1995. “Temple-Smith, C. J. Dawes, “Friction Welding”. US Patent. 80. Tobolski, E.L., & A. Fee, 2000. "Macroindentation Hardness Testing," ASM Handbook, Volume 8: Mechanical Testing and Evaluation, ASM International, pp. 203–211. 81. Ulysse, P., 2002. Three-dimensional modeling of the friction stir-welding process. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 42(14), pp.1549-1557. 82. Vepakomma, K. H., 2006. Three Dimensional Thermal Modeling of Friction Stir Processing. The Florida State University. 83. Vural, M., Ogur, A., Cam, G., & Ozarpa, C., 2007. On the friction stir welding of aluminium alloys EN AW 2024-0 and EN AW 5754-H22. Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 28(1), pp.49-54. 84. Woo, W., Choo, H., Brown, D. W., Feng, Z., & Liaw, P. K., 2006. Angular distortion and through-thickness residual stress distribution in the friction-stir processed 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 437(1), pp. 64-69. 85. Won-Bae Lee, Yun-Mo Yeon and Seung-Boo Jung, 2004. " Mechanical Properties Related to Microstructure Variation of 6061 Al Alloy Joints by Friction Stir Welding", Materials Transactions, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 1700 – 1705. 86. Zhou, H., Liu, Liu., W., 2009. Effect of process parameters on stir zone microstructure in Ti–6Al–4V friction stir welds. Springer Science, pp. 39-45. 87. Zhang, Y. M., 1999. Welding aluminum alloy 6061 with the opposing dual-torch GTAW process. Welding Journal, vol 78(2), pp. 231-236.

The Influence Of Friction Stir Welding Parameters On Mechanical Properties Of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy

Similar Items