Parameter study of hopping mechanism for one legged crank-type hopping robot

Micro-machining is expected to play an important role in today's manufacturing technology. However, the traditional down-scaling process creates challenges relating to process stability and materials behaviour especially for small difficult-to-machine made materials. Therefore, a suitable mater...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Mohd Zakaria, Muhammad Akmal
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	T Technology (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/21431/1/Parameter%20Optimization%20On%20Hybrid%20Micro%20Wire%20Electrical%20Discharge%20Turning.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/21431/2/Parameter%20optimization%20on%20hybrid%20micro%20wire%20electrical%20discharge%20turning.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-utem-ep.21431
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection	UTeM Repository
language	English English
advisor	Raja Abdullah, Raja Izamshah
topic	T Technology (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Mohd Zakaria, Muhammad Akmal Parameter study of hopping mechanism for one legged crank-type hopping robot
description	Micro-machining is expected to play an important role in today's manufacturing technology. However, the traditional down-scaling process creates challenges relating to process stability and materials behaviour especially for small difficult-to-machine made materials. Therefore, a suitable material removal process to perform micro-machining on cylindrical components is spark erosion process. In this study, the new hybrid micro-machining process is developed. This process is synonym with the name of wire electrical discharged turning (WEDT) which incorporates a turning process of rotating workpiece to continuous travelling electrode wire in electrical discharged conditions produced by wire electrical discharge machine. The objective of this research is to develop and evaluate the advance machinery and equipment for rotary axis mechanism that is being used to rotate the workpieces. The research focuses on optimizing the process parameter of hybrid WEDT for micro-machining straight shaft cylindrical component made of Ti6Al4V as materials. The issues pertaining to hybrid WEDT process on surface roughness (Ra) in the past have been explored comprehensively. The rotary axis mechanism that works well with WEDM machine has been successfully developed and the micro turning operations has been performed. The parameter optimization consideration on Ra begins with two stage screening. Firstly, the suitable combination parameter and its range is properly selected. Then, the selection of appropriate parameters and range is further screened by Taguchi orthogonal array L12. From the 11 process parameters that consist of electrical, non-electrical and rotary axis mechanism characteristics, only four has been selected to perform optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) which are intensity of pulse, voltage open, wire tension and rotational spindle speed. The other parameters are fixed at best level to produce low Ra value which is identified by Alicona Infinite Focus microscope (IFM). The optimal Ra that is produced by experiment through desirability approach is as much as 4.0143 μm with relative error as much as 5.9% compared to the prediction. The parameter and its level are pulse intensity of 8 Notch, wire tension of 14.8 Newton, voltage of 7 Notch and rotational spindle speed of 2390 rev/min. The machined parts surface is being deteriorated accordingly to the violent energy density generated by high pulse intensity and voltage, low wire tension and spindle speed.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohd Zakaria, Muhammad Akmal
author_facet	Mohd Zakaria, Muhammad Akmal
author_sort	Mohd Zakaria, Muhammad Akmal
title	Parameter study of hopping mechanism for one legged crank-type hopping robot
title_short	Parameter study of hopping mechanism for one legged crank-type hopping robot
title_full	Parameter study of hopping mechanism for one legged crank-type hopping robot
title_fullStr	Parameter study of hopping mechanism for one legged crank-type hopping robot
title_full_unstemmed	Parameter study of hopping mechanism for one legged crank-type hopping robot
title_sort	parameter study of hopping mechanism for one legged crank-type hopping robot
granting_institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department	Faculty Of Electrical Engineering
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/21431/1/Parameter%20Optimization%20On%20Hybrid%20Micro%20Wire%20Electrical%20Discharge%20Turning.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/21431/2/Parameter%20optimization%20on%20hybrid%20micro%20wire%20electrical%20discharge%20turning.pdf
_version_	1776103115190173696
spelling	my-utem-ep.214312023-01-13T11:58:38Z Parameter study of hopping mechanism for one legged crank-type hopping robot 2015 Mohd Zakaria, Muhammad Akmal T Technology (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Micro-machining is expected to play an important role in today's manufacturing technology. However, the traditional down-scaling process creates challenges relating to process stability and materials behaviour especially for small difficult-to-machine made materials. Therefore, a suitable material removal process to perform micro-machining on cylindrical components is spark erosion process. In this study, the new hybrid micro-machining process is developed. This process is synonym with the name of wire electrical discharged turning (WEDT) which incorporates a turning process of rotating workpiece to continuous travelling electrode wire in electrical discharged conditions produced by wire electrical discharge machine. The objective of this research is to develop and evaluate the advance machinery and equipment for rotary axis mechanism that is being used to rotate the workpieces. The research focuses on optimizing the process parameter of hybrid WEDT for micro-machining straight shaft cylindrical component made of Ti6Al4V as materials. The issues pertaining to hybrid WEDT process on surface roughness (Ra) in the past have been explored comprehensively. The rotary axis mechanism that works well with WEDM machine has been successfully developed and the micro turning operations has been performed. The parameter optimization consideration on Ra begins with two stage screening. Firstly, the suitable combination parameter and its range is properly selected. Then, the selection of appropriate parameters and range is further screened by Taguchi orthogonal array L12. From the 11 process parameters that consist of electrical, non-electrical and rotary axis mechanism characteristics, only four has been selected to perform optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) which are intensity of pulse, voltage open, wire tension and rotational spindle speed. The other parameters are fixed at best level to produce low Ra value which is identified by Alicona Infinite Focus microscope (IFM). The optimal Ra that is produced by experiment through desirability approach is as much as 4.0143 μm with relative error as much as 5.9% compared to the prediction. The parameter and its level are pulse intensity of 8 Notch, wire tension of 14.8 Newton, voltage of 7 Notch and rotational spindle speed of 2390 rev/min. The machined parts surface is being deteriorated accordingly to the violent energy density generated by high pulse intensity and voltage, low wire tension and spindle speed. 2015 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/21431/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/21431/1/Parameter%20Optimization%20On%20Hybrid%20Micro%20Wire%20Electrical%20Discharge%20Turning.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/21431/2/Parameter%20optimization%20on%20hybrid%20micro%20wire%20electrical%20discharge%20turning.pdf text en public https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=96170 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Electrical Engineering Raja Abdullah, Raja Izamshah 1. Abd Rahman, M.N., 2009. Modelling of Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) Process on Cutting Tool Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 2. ABMA, A.B.M.A., n.d. Tolerance Class ABEC-5 (Annular Bearing Engineers Committee). 3. Aggarwal, S., Paul, B.E., DasGupta, A., and Chatterjee, D., 2017. Experimental Characterization of Piezoelectrically Actuated Micromachined Silicon Valveless Micropump. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 21(1), pp. 2. 4. Anand, R.S., and Patra, K., 2014. Modeling and Simulation of Mechanical Micro-Machining - A Review. Machining Science and Technology, 18(3), pp. 323–347. 5. Anderson, M.J., and Whitcomb, P.J., 2016. DOE Simplified: Practical Tools for Effective Experimentation, CRC Press. 6. Aravind Krishnan, S., and Samuel, G.L., 2013. Multi-Objective Optimization of Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness in Wire Electrical Discharge Turning. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 67(9–12), pp. 2021–2032. 7. Asad, A., Masaki, T., Rahman, M., Lim, H.S., and Wong, Y.S., 2007. Tool-Based Micro-Machining. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 192, pp. 204–211. 8. Barker, T.B., 1990. Engineering Quality by Design: Interpreting the Taguchi Approach, CRC Press. 9. Cabanes, I., Portillo, E., and Marcos, M., 2007. An Industrial Application for on-Line Detection of Instability and Wire Breakage in Wire EDM. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 195(1-3), pp. 101–109. 10. Cabanes, I., Portillo, E., Marcos, M., and Sánchez, J.A., 2008. On-Line Prevention of Wire Breakage in Wire Electro-Discharge Machining. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 24(2), pp. 287–298. 11. Caggiano, A., Perez, R., Segreto, T., Teti, R., and Xirouchakis, P., 2016. Advanced Sensor Signal Feature Extraction and Pattern Recognition for Wire EDM Process Monitoring. Procedia CIRP, 42, pp. 34-39. 12. Canter, N., 2009. The Possibilities and Limitations of Dry Machining. Tribology & Lubrication Technology, 65(3), pp. 40. 13. Chern, G., and Wang, S., 2007. Punching of Noncircular Micro-Holes and Development of Micro-Forming. Precision engineering, 31(3), pp. 210-217. 14. Choi, S.G., Kim, S.H., Choi, W.K., and Lee, E.S., 2016. The Optimum Condition Selection of Electrochemical Polishing and Surface Analysis of the Stainless Steel 316L by the Taguchi Method. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 82(9–12), pp. 1933–1939. 15. Cytron Technologies, 2011. Project 10 – Driving DC Brush Motor with MD10C. [online] Available at: http://tutorial.cytron.com.my/2011/08/10/project-10-–-driving-dc-brush-motor-with-md10c/ [Accessed on 2 February 2015]. 16. Davim, J.P., 2010. Surface Integrity in Machining, London: Springer. 17. Davim, J.P., 2013. Nontraditional Machining Processes, Springer. 18. E Steel SDN. BHD., n.d. Datasheet of Titanium Ti6Al4V. Klang, Malaysia. 19. EDM Tools, n.d. Datasheet of EDM Cut Wire. Malaysia. 20. Ekici, E., Motorcu, A.R., and Kus, A., 2015. Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate in the Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Al/B4C Composites via the Taguchi Method. Journal of Composite Materials, 50(18), pp. 2575-2586. 21. Fleischer, J., Masuzawa, T., Schmidt, J., and Knoll, M., 2004. New Applications for Micro-EDM. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 149(1–3), pp. 246–249. 22. Friedrich, C.R., 2002. Micromechanical Machining of High Aspect Ratio Prototypes. Microsystem Technologies, 8(4–5), pp. 343–347. 23. Ghodsiyeh, D., Golshan, A., and Shirvanehdeh, J.A., 2013. Review on Current Research Trends in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining ( WEDM ). Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 3, pp. 154–168. 24. Giridharan, A., and Samuel, G.L., 2015. Modeling and Analysis of Crater Formation during Wire Electrical Discharge Turning (WEDT) Process. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 77(5), pp. 1229–1247. 25. Gohil, V., and Puri, Y.M., 2016. Statistical Analysis of Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness in Electrical Discharge Turning of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 1, pp. 1–14. 26. Griffiths, B., 2001. Manufacturing Surface Technology: Surface Integrity and Functional Performance, Elsevier. 27. Gupta, K., Laubscher, R.F., Davim, J.P., and Jain, N.K., 2016. Recent Developments in Sustainable Manufacturing of Gears: A Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, pp. 3320–3330. 28. Haddad, M., Alihoseini, F., Hadi, M., Hadad, M., Tehrani, A., and Mohammadi, A., 2010. An Experimental Investigation of Cylindrical Wire Electrical Discharge Turning Process. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 46(9–12), pp. 1119–1132. 29. Haddad, M.J., 2014. Experimental Investigation of Effects of Machining Parameters on Surface Roughness and Roundness in the Cylindrical Wire Electrical Discharge Turning (CWEDT) of AISI D3 Tool Steel. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Applications, 7(3), pp. 81–91. 30. Haddad, M.J., Tajik, M., Tehrani, A.F., Mohammadi, A., Hadi, M., Fadaei Tehrani, A., Mohammadi, A., and Hadi, M., 2009. An Experimental Investigation of Cylindrical Wire Electrical Discharge Turning Process Using Taguchi Approach. International Journal of Material Forming, 2(3), pp. 167–179. 31. Haddad, M.J., and Tehrani, A.F., 2008a. Investigation of Cylindrical Wire Electrical Discharge Turning (CWEDT) of AISI D3 Tool Steel Based on Statistical Analysis. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 198(1–3), pp. 77–85. 32. Haddad, M.J., and Tehrani, A.F., 2008b. Material Removal Rate (MRR) Study in the Cylindrical Wire Electrical Discharge Turning (CWEDT) Process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 199(1–3), pp. 369–378. 33. Ho, K.H., Newman, S.T., Rahimifard, S., and Allen, R.D., 2004. State of the Art in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM). International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 44(12–13), pp. 1247–1259. 34. Hourmand, M., Sarhan, A.A.D., and Sayuti, M., 2016. Micro-Electrode Fabrication Processes for Micro-EDM Drilling and Milling: A State-of-the-Art Review. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 91(1-4), pp. 1023-1056. 35. Hung, C.H., and Chang, F.Y., 2017. Curve Micromachining on the Edges of Nitinol Biliary Stent by Ultrashort Pulses Laser. Optics and Laser Technology, 90, pp. 1–6. 36. Ikram, A., Mufti, N.A., Saleem, M.Q., and Khan, A.R., 2013. Parametric Optimization for Surface Roughness, Kerf and MRR in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) Using Taguchi Design of Experiment. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 27(7), pp. 2133–2141. 37. International Standard Organization, 1996a. ISO 11562:1996 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface Texture: Profile Method - Metrological Characteristics of Phase Correct Filters. 38. International Standard Organization, 1996b. ISO 4288:1996 Preview Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface Texture: Profile Method - Rules and Procedures for the Assessment of Surface Texture. 39. Jameson, E.C., 2001. Electrical Discharge Machining, Society of Manufacturing Engineers. 40. Janardhan, V., and Samuel, G.L., 2010. Pulse Train Data Analysis to Investigate the Effect of Machining Parameters on the Performance of Wire Electro Discharge Turning (WEDT) Process. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 50(9), pp. 775–788. 41. Janson, S.W., Helvajian, H., Hansen, W.W., and Lodmell, J., 1999. Microthrusters for Nanosatellites. In: Aerospace Corporation, The Second International Conference on Integrated Micro Nanotechnology for Space Applications (MNT99), Pasedena,11-15 April 1999. 42. Jee, D.W., and Kim, C.W., 2011. Stress Distribution in Microvascular Anastomotic Coupler (AnaFix®) Micropins with Respect to the Fillet Radius. Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B, 35(11), pp. 1139–1145. 43. Jugulum, R., and Samuel, P., 2010. Design for Lean Six Sigma: A Holistic Approach to Design and Innovation, John Wiley & Sons. 44. Kalpakjian, S., and Schmid, S., 2006. Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology, 6th ed., New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 45. Khuri, A.I., and Cornell, J.A., 1987. Response Surfaces: Designs and Analyses, New York: Marcel Dekker. 46. Kojima, A., Natsu, W., and Kunieda, M., 2008. Spectroscopic Measurement of Arc Plasma Diameter in EDM. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 57(1), pp. 203–207. 47. Konig, W., 1978. Applied research on the machinability of titanium and its alloys. In Proc. AGARD Conf. Advanced Fabrication Processes, Florence, Italy. 48. Kumar, A., 2014. Parametric Study and Optimization of WEDM Process Parameters of Pure Titanium. 49. Kumar, S., and Choudhury, S.K., 2007. Prediction of Wear and Surface Roughness in Electro-Discharge Diamond Grinding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 191(1–3), pp. 206–209. 50. Kumar, V., Jangra, K.K., Kumar, V., and Sharma, N., 2016. WEDM of Nickel Based Aerospace Alloy: Optimization of Process Parameters and Modelling. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing, pp. 1–13. 51. Lee, H.T., Rehbach, W.P., Tai, T.Y., and Hsu, F.C., 2003. Surface Integrity in Micro-Hole Drilling Using Micro-Electro Discharge Machining. Materials Transactions, 44(12), pp. 2718–2722. 52. Liao, Y.S., and Woo, J.C., 1997. The Effects of Machining Settings on the Behavior of Pulse Trains in the WEDM Process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 71(3), pp. 433–439. 53. Liao, Y.S., and Yu, Y.P., 2004. Study of Specific Discharge Energy in WEDM and Its Application. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 44(12–13), pp. 1373–1380. 54. Lim, H.S., Kumar, A.S., and Rahman, M., 2002. Improvement of Form Accuracy in Hybrid Machining of Microstructures. Journal of Electronic Materials, 31(10), pp. 1032–1038. 55. Lim, H.S., Wong, Y.S., Rahman, M., and Lee, M.K.E., 2003. A Study on the Machining of High-Aspect Ratio Micro-Structures Using Micro-EDM. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 140, pp. 318–325. 56. Liu, S., and Zhu, R., 2017. Micromachined Fluid Inertial Sensors. Sensors, 17(2), pp. 367. 57. Lodhi, B.K., and Agarwal, S., 2014. Optimization of Machining Parameters in WEDM of AISI D3 Steel Using Taguchi Technique. Procedia CIRP, 14, pp. 194–199. 58. Maher, I., Sarhan, A.A.D., Barzani, M.M., and Hamdi, M., 2015. Increasing the Productivity of the Wire-Cut Electrical Discharge Machine Associated with Sustainable Production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, pp. 247–255. 59. Malik, S., 2014. Optimization of Machining Parameters of EN24 Alloy Steel on WEDM Using RSM. International Journal of Advanced Research in IT and Engineering, 3(3), pp. 9–20. 60. Masuzawa, T., 2000. State of the Art of Micromachining. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 49(2), pp. 473–488. 61. Masuzawa, T., Fujino, M., Kobayashi, K., Suzuki, T., and Kinoshita, N., 1985. Wire Electro-Discharge Grinding for Micro-Machining. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 34(1), pp. 431–434. 62. Masuzawa, T., and Tönshoff, H.K., 1997. Three-Dimensional Micromachining by Machine Tools. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 46(2), pp. 621–628. 63. Masuzawa, T., Tsukamoto, J., and Fujino, M., 1989. Drilling of Deep Microholes by EDM. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 38(1), pp. 195–198. 64. Mitsubishi-Electric-Corporation, n.d. RA-90 Manual and Machining Characteristic Book. Mitsubishi Wire-Cut EDM Systems. 65. Mohammadi, A., Fadaei Tehrani, A., Emanian, E., and Karimi, D., 2008a. A New Approach to Surface Roughness and Roundness Improvement in Wire Electrical Discharge Turning Based on Statistical Analyses. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 39(1–2), pp. 64–73. 66. Mohammadi, A., Fadaei Tehrani, A., and Safari, M., 2010. Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Turning Operations Using Robust Design of Experiment. In: International Conference in Advanced in Materials and Processing Technologies (AMPT 2010), 1315(1), pp. 1205–1210. 67. Mohammadi, A., Tehrani, A.F., and Abdullah, A., 2013. Introducing a New Technique in Wire Electrical Discharge Turning and Evaluating Ultrasonic Vibration on Material Removal Rate. Procedia CIRP, 6, pp. 583–588. 68. Mohammadi, A., Tehrani, A.F., and Abdullah, A., 2016. Modelling and Optimisation of the Process Parameters in Ultrasonic-Assisted Wire Electrical Discharge Turning. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, 698, pp. 338–349. 69. Mohammadi, A., Tehrani, A.F., Emanian, E., and Karimi, D., 2008b. Statistical Analysis of Wire Electrical Discharge Turning on Material Removal Rate. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 205(1–3), pp. 283–289. 70. Mohammadi, H., and Tehrani, A.R.F., 2008. Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate in CWEDM Using ANN. Power, 7(9), pp. 11. 71. Moiseyev, V.N., 2005. Titanium Alloys: Russian Aircraft and Aerospace Applications, CRC press. 72. Morgan, C., Shreve, S., and Vallance, R.R., 2003. Precision of Micro Shafts Machined with Wire Electro-Discharge Grinding. In: Proceedings of the Winter Topical Meeting on Machines and Processes for Micro-Scale and Meso-Scale Fabrication, Metrology, and Assembly. American Society for Precision Engineering (ASPE), pp. 26–31. 73. Muthuramalingam, T., and Mohan, B., 2015. A Review on Influence of Electrical Process Parameters in EDM Process. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 15(1), pp. 87–94. 74. Myers, R.H., and Montgomery, D.C., 2002. Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, 2nd ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons. 75. Myers, R.H., Montgomery, D.C., and Anderson-Cook, C., 2009. Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, 3rd ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons. 76. Nagahanumaiah, Ramkumar, J., Glumac, N., Kapoor, S.G., and Devor, R.E., 2009. Characterization of Plasma in Micro-EDM Discharge Using Optical Spectroscopy. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 11(2), pp. 82–87. 77. Niinomi, M., 2004. Titanium Alloys for Medical and Dental Applications. Medical Devices Materials. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, pp. 417–422. 78. Nourbakhsh, F., Rajurkar, K.P., Malshe, A.P., and Cao, J., 2013. Wire Electro-Discharge Machining of Titanium Alloy. Procedia CIRP, 5(0), pp. 13–18. 79. Packianather, M.S., Le, C.H., Pham, D.T., and Le, H.Q., 2016. Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacturing Technologies Used In Medical Domain. IFMBE Proceedings, 20, pp. 120-123. 80. Pandey, M., 2013. Lipase Catalysed Hydrolysis of Non-Conventional Oil Resources: Kinetics & Optimization Study. 81. Parthiban, M., Manigandan, C., Venkadesh, G.M., and Kumar, M.R., 2013. Development of Rotary Axis For Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM). International Journal of Engineering Research, 2(4), pp. 318–321. 82. Pervaiz, S., Rashid, A., Deiab, I., and Nicolescu, M., 2014. Influence of Tool Materials on Machinability of Titanium- and Nickel-Based Alloys: A Review. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 29(3), pp. 219–252. 83. Pramanik, A., 2015. Electrical Discharge Machining of MMCs Reinforced with Very Small Particles. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 31(4), pp. 397–404. 84. Prihandana, G.S., Sriani, T., and Mahardika, M., 2012. Improvement of Machining Time in Micro-EDM with Workpiece Vibration and Graphite Powder Mixed in Dielectric Fluid. Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 19(6), pp. 375–378. 85. Qin, Y., Zhao, J., Anyasodor, G., Hansen, K.S., Calderon, I., Konrad, K., Hartl, C., Arentoft, M., and Chronakis, I.S., 2015. Forming of Polymeric Tubular Micro-Components. Micromanufacturing Engineering and Technology, pp.179–200. 86. Qu, J., 2002. Development of Cylindrical Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Process and Investigation of Surface Integrity and Mechanical Property of EDM Surface Layers. 87. Qu, J., Shih, A.J., and Scattergood, R.O., 2002a. Development of the Cylindrical Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Process, Part 1: Concept, Design, and Material Removal Rate. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Transactions of the ASME, 124(3), pp. 702–707. 88. Qu, J., Shih, A.J., and Scattergood, R.O., 2002b. Development of the Cylindrical Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Process, Part 2: Surface Integrity and Roundness. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Transactions of the ASME, 124(3), pp. 708–714. 89. Rahman, M., Asad, A., Masaki, T., Saleh, T., Wong, Y.S., and Kumar, A.S., 2010. A Multiprocess Machine Tool for Compound Micromachining. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 50(4), pp. 344–356. 90. Rahman, M., Asad, A.B.M.A., and Wong, Y.S., 2014. Introduction to Advanced Machining Technologies. Comprehensive Materials Processing, 11, pp. 1–13. 91. Rahman, M.A., 2004. CNC Microturning: An Application to Miniaturization. 92. Rajkumar, M., Kanthababu, M., and Gowri, S., 2012. Experimental Investigation on Material Removal Rate in Wire Electrical Discharge Turning Process for Al/SiCp Metal Matrix Composite. In: Hinduja, S., and Li, L., Proceedings of the 37th International MATADOR Conference, July 2012. Springer. 93. Razali, A.R., and Qin, Y., 2013. A Review on Micro-Manufacturing, Micro-Forming and Their Key Issues. Procedia Engineering, 53, pp. 665–672. 94. Rees, A., 2011. Micro Electrical Discharge Machining: Axis-Symmetric Component Manufacture and Surface Integrity. 95. Rees, A., Brousseau, E., Dimov, S.S., Gruber, H., and Paganetti, I., 2008. Wire Electro Discharge Grinding: Surface Finish Optimisation. In: Proc. of the 4th Int. Conference on Multi Material Micro Manufacture (4M), Cardiff, UK. 96. Ross, P.J., 1988. Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering: Loss Function, Orthogonal Experiments, Parameter and Tolerance Design, New York: McGraw-Hill. 97. Roy, R.K., 2001. Design of Experiments Using the Taguchi Approach: 16 Steps to Product and Process Improvement, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. 98. Roy, R.K., 2010. A Primer on the Taguchi Method, 2nd ed., Society of Manufacturing Engineers. 99. Schumacher, B.M., Krampitz, R., and Kruth, J.P., 2013. Historical Phases of EDM Development Driven by the Dual Influence of ‘Market Pull’ and ‘Science Push’. Procedia CIRP, 6, pp. 5–12. 100. Sha, W., and Malinov, S., 2009. Titanium Alloys: Modelling of Microstructure, Properties and Applications, CRC Press. 101. Shah, A., Mufti, N.A., Rakwal, D., and Bamberg, E., 2011. Material Removal Rate, Kerf, and Surface Roughness of Tungsten Carbide Machined with Wire Electrical Discharge Machining. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 20(1), pp. 71–76. 102. Sheu, D.Y., 2004. Multi-Spherical Probe Machining by EDM: Combining WEDG Technology with One-Pulse Electro-Discharge. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 149(1–3), pp. 597–603. 103. Shyha, I.S., Aspinwall, D.K., Soo, S.L., and Bradley, S., 2009. Drill Geometry and Operating Effects When Cutting Small Diameter Holes in CFRP. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 49(12–13), pp. 1008–1014. 104. Singh, H., and Singh, A., 2012. Effect of Pulse On/Pulse Off Time On Machining Of AISI D3 Die Steel Using Copper And Brass Electrode In EDM. International Journal of Engineering and Science, 1(9), pp. 19–22. 105. Sivaprakasam, P., Hariharan, P., and Gowri, S., 2014. Modeling and Analysis of Micro-WEDM Process of Titanium Alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) Using Response Surface Approach. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 17(4), pp. 227–235. 106. Song, K.Y., Chung, D.K., Park, M.S., and Chu, C.N., 2013. EDM Turning Using a Strip Electrode. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 213(9), pp. 1495–1500. 107. Steppan, D.D., Werner, J., and Yeater, R.P., 1998. Essential Regression and Experimental Design for Chemists and Engineers. [online] Available at: http://www.jowerner.homepage.t-online.de/ERPref.html [Accessed on 30 May 2016]. 108. Sun, Y., Gong, Y., Liu, Y., Li, Q., and Zhou, Y., 2017. Experimental Study on Surface Characteristics and Improvement of Microelectrode Machined by Low Speed Wire Electrical Discharge Turning. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 17(4), pp. 964–977. 109. Taguchi, G., Chowdhury, S., and Wu, Y., 2005. Taguchi’s Quality Engineering Handbook, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. 110. Tiwary, A.P., Pradhan, B.B., and Bhattacharyya, B., 2015. Study on the Influence of Micro-EDM Process Parameters during Machining of Ti–6Al–4V Superalloy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 76(1–4), pp. 151–160. 111. Voyer, C., 2003. Infrared Furnace Emitter Diffusion for Solar Cells. 112. Wang, Y., Ding, H., Le, X., Wang, W., and Xie, J., 2017. A MEMS Piezoelectric in-Plane Resonant Accelerometer Based on Aluminum Nitride with Two-Stage Microleverage Mechanism. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 254, pp. 126–133. 113. Webster, P.G., 2002. Design of Experiments in the Moebius Modeling Framework. 114. Weng, F.T., Shyu, R.F., and Hsu, C.S., 2003. Fabrication of Micro-Electrodes by Multi-EDM Grinding Process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 140(1–3), pp. 332–334. 115. Whitcomb, P.J., and Anderson, M.J., 2004. RSM Simplified: Optimizing Processes Using Response Surface Methods for Design of Experiments, CRC press. 116. Whitcomb, P.J., and Anderson, M.J., 2016. RSM Simplified: Optimizing Processes Using Response Surface Methods for Design of Experiments, 2nd ed., CRC press. 117. Wood, R.J., Finio, B., Karpelson, M., Ma, K., Pérez-Arancibia, N.O., Sreetharan, P.S., Tanaka, H., and Whitney, J.P., 2012. Progress on ‘Pico’ Air Vehicles. The International Journal of Robotics Research, 31(11), pp.1292-1302. 118. Yan, M.T., and Hsieh, P.H., 2014. Monitoring and Adaptive Process Control of Wire Electrical Discharge Turning. International Journal of Automation Technology, 8(3), pp. 468–477. 119. Yeo, S.H., Kurnia, W., and Tan, P.C., 2007. Electro-Thermal Modelling of Anode and Cathode in Micro-EDM. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 40(8), pp. 2513–2521. 120. Yi, J., Wang, X., Jiao, L., Li, M., Xiang, J., Yan, P., and Wang, Z., 2017. Study in Dimension Precision of Micro Straight Thin Wall with Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy under Mesoscale. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, pp. 2–12. 121. Youssef, H.A., and El-Hofy, H., 2008. Machining Technology: Machine Tools and Operations, CRC Press. 122. Yu, Z.Y., Masuzawa, T., and Fujino, M., 1998. Micro-EDM for Three-Dimensional Cavities - Development of Uniform Wear Method. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 47(1), pp. 169–172. 123. Zhang, G., Chen, Z., Zhang, Z., Huang, Y., Ming, W., and Li, H., 2014. A Macroscopic Mechanical Model of Wire Electrode Deflection Considering Temperature Increment in MS-WEDM Process. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 78, pp. 41–53. 124. Zhang, X., Ehmann, K.F., Yu, T., and Wang, W., 2016. Cutting Forces in Micro-End-Milling Processes. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 107, pp. 21–40. 125. Zhu, Y., Liang, T., Gu, L., and Zhao, W., 2016. Machining of Micro Rotational Parts with Wire EDM Machine. Procedia Manufacturing, 5, pp. 849–856.

Parameter study of hopping mechanism for one legged crank-type hopping robot

Similar Items