High electrical conductivity bipolar plate using stannum/graphite polymer composite
Nowadays, transportation is one of the promising sector for Proton Polymer Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) due to the possibility of zero pollution and environment friendly vehicles and also the future expect of fossil fuels depletion . The fabrication methods of this composite and composition ratios hav...
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T Technology (General) T Technology (General) Masron, Farhana High electrical conductivity bipolar plate using stannum/graphite polymer composite |
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Nowadays, transportation is one of the promising sector for Proton Polymer Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) due to the possibility of zero pollution and environment friendly vehicles and also the future expect of fossil fuels depletion . The fabrication methods of this composite and composition ratios have significant effects on its electrical and mechanical properties. This research was focused on to Graphite (G) and Stannum (Sn) as conductive fillers and Polypropylene (PP) polymer as binder. Firstly, all materials will be dry mixed using a ball mill machine with several ratios of composition. The shape of this composite was mould with the dimensions of 140 × 60 × 3 mm through the compression machine to form a bipolar plate. There were two types of composition that had been fabricated which were G/Sn and G/Sn/PP composites. Meanwhile, for G/Sn composites, two methods were applied which were sintering and compression moulding methods. For sintering method, the weight percentage of the secondary filler (Sn) is increased from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.% of the total weight percentage of fillers. Meanwhile, for G/Sn/PP, the ratio of conductive fillers and binder has been fixed at 80:20 and the ratio of conductive fillers between first and secondary filler has been varied, for G (60 to 70 wt.%) and Sn (10 to 20 wt.%). Two different types of PP polymer in powder form were used which were Low Density Polypropylene (LD-PP) and High Density Polypropylene (HD-PP). The effect of different filler material loadings on G/PP and G/Sn/PP composites properties such as electrical conductivity, bulk density, hardness and gas permeability were tested, observed and confirmed that they are able to meet the United State Department of Energy ( U.S. DOE) target properties as PEMFC bipolar plate. Results showed G/Sn produced using hot compression moulded with Sn loading of 20 wt.% of Sn loading obtained the highest electrical conductivity of 889.64 S/cm. Although the usage of the hot compression moulding method increased the value of bulk density, all results still met the U.S. DOE target which is it must be lower than 1.9 g/cm3. Other than that, hardness value for compression moulding method showed improvement compared to the sintering process method. Even though G/Sn composites for compression moulding method perform better results compared to sintered method, these composites did not exhibit good mechanical properties and showed the brittleness characteristic. These composites were also brittle. In order to overcome this weakness, PP polymer was added in G/Sn composites and the effects of PP types, Sn loading and hot compression moulding temperatures in G/Sn/PP (LD-PP and HD-PP) composites on electrical and mechanical properties were determined. Based on the results obtained, G/Sn/HD-PP composites have shown better electrical and mechanical properties as compared to G/Sn/LD-PP composites. Meanwhile, for moulding temperature for LD-PP and HD-PP were 170°C and 175°C respectively. Lastly, the optimum weight ratio of G/Sn/PP (LD-PP and HD-PP) composites was 15 wt.% of Sn loading due to high electrical conductivity, good bulk density and shore hardness value. |
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Master's degree |
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Masron, Farhana |
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Masron, Farhana |
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Masron, Farhana |
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High electrical conductivity bipolar plate using stannum/graphite polymer composite |
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High electrical conductivity bipolar plate using stannum/graphite polymer composite |
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High electrical conductivity bipolar plate using stannum/graphite polymer composite |
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High electrical conductivity bipolar plate using stannum/graphite polymer composite |
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High electrical conductivity bipolar plate using stannum/graphite polymer composite |
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high electrical conductivity bipolar plate using stannum/graphite polymer composite |
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Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka |
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Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering |
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2018 |
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http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23243/1/High%20Electrical%20Conductivity%20Bipolar%20Plate%20Using%20Stannumgraphite%20Polymer%20Composite%20-%20Farhana%20Masron%20-%2024%20Pages.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23243/2/High%20electrical%20conductivity%20bipolar%20plate%20using%20stannumgraphite%20polymer%20composite.pdf |
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my-utem-ep.232432022-06-14T10:03:07Z High electrical conductivity bipolar plate using stannum/graphite polymer composite 2018 Masron, Farhana T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Nowadays, transportation is one of the promising sector for Proton Polymer Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) due to the possibility of zero pollution and environment friendly vehicles and also the future expect of fossil fuels depletion . The fabrication methods of this composite and composition ratios have significant effects on its electrical and mechanical properties. This research was focused on to Graphite (G) and Stannum (Sn) as conductive fillers and Polypropylene (PP) polymer as binder. Firstly, all materials will be dry mixed using a ball mill machine with several ratios of composition. The shape of this composite was mould with the dimensions of 140 × 60 × 3 mm through the compression machine to form a bipolar plate. There were two types of composition that had been fabricated which were G/Sn and G/Sn/PP composites. Meanwhile, for G/Sn composites, two methods were applied which were sintering and compression moulding methods. For sintering method, the weight percentage of the secondary filler (Sn) is increased from 20 wt.% to 40 wt.% of the total weight percentage of fillers. Meanwhile, for G/Sn/PP, the ratio of conductive fillers and binder has been fixed at 80:20 and the ratio of conductive fillers between first and secondary filler has been varied, for G (60 to 70 wt.%) and Sn (10 to 20 wt.%). Two different types of PP polymer in powder form were used which were Low Density Polypropylene (LD-PP) and High Density Polypropylene (HD-PP). The effect of different filler material loadings on G/PP and G/Sn/PP composites properties such as electrical conductivity, bulk density, hardness and gas permeability were tested, observed and confirmed that they are able to meet the United State Department of Energy ( U.S. DOE) target properties as PEMFC bipolar plate. Results showed G/Sn produced using hot compression moulded with Sn loading of 20 wt.% of Sn loading obtained the highest electrical conductivity of 889.64 S/cm. Although the usage of the hot compression moulding method increased the value of bulk density, all results still met the U.S. DOE target which is it must be lower than 1.9 g/cm3. Other than that, hardness value for compression moulding method showed improvement compared to the sintering process method. Even though G/Sn composites for compression moulding method perform better results compared to sintered method, these composites did not exhibit good mechanical properties and showed the brittleness characteristic. These composites were also brittle. In order to overcome this weakness, PP polymer was added in G/Sn composites and the effects of PP types, Sn loading and hot compression moulding temperatures in G/Sn/PP (LD-PP and HD-PP) composites on electrical and mechanical properties were determined. Based on the results obtained, G/Sn/HD-PP composites have shown better electrical and mechanical properties as compared to G/Sn/LD-PP composites. Meanwhile, for moulding temperature for LD-PP and HD-PP were 170°C and 175°C respectively. Lastly, the optimum weight ratio of G/Sn/PP (LD-PP and HD-PP) composites was 15 wt.% of Sn loading due to high electrical conductivity, good bulk density and shore hardness value. UTeM 2018 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23243/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23243/1/High%20Electrical%20Conductivity%20Bipolar%20Plate%20Using%20Stannumgraphite%20Polymer%20Composite%20-%20Farhana%20Masron%20-%2024%20Pages.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23243/2/High%20electrical%20conductivity%20bipolar%20plate%20using%20stannumgraphite%20polymer%20composite.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=112773 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering Selamat, Zulkefli 1. Ahmad, M.S., Selamat, M.Z., Ahadlin, M., Daud, M., Kasuma, I., Yunus, M., and Azman, M.S., 2013. Effect of Different Filler Materials in the Development of Bipolar Plate Composite for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell ( PEMFC ). Applied Mechanics and Materials, 315, pp. 226–230. 2. Angelo, P.C., and Subramanian, R., 2015. Powder Metallurgy: Science, Technology and Applications, 4th ed., PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi 3. Aneli, J., Zaikov, G., and Mukbaniani, O., 2012. Physical Principles of the Conductivity of Electrically Conductive Polymer Composites (Review). Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 554 (February 2015), pp. 167–187. 4. Antunes, R.A., Oliveira, M.C.L., Ett, G., and Ett, V., 2011. Carbon Materials in Composite Bipolar Plates for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: A Review of the Main Challenges to Improve Electrical Performance. Journal of Power Sources, 196 (6), pp. 2945–2961. 5. Antunes, R.A., Oliveira, M.C.L., Ett, G., and Ett, V., 2010. Corrosion of Metal Bipolar Plates for PEM Fuel Cells: A review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35 (8), pp.3632– 3647. 6. AZoNano, 2013. Tin (Sn) - Properties , Applications [online]. Available from: http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=9120. 7. Barbir, F., 2013. PEM Fuel Cells. Fuel Cell Technology, pp. 27–51. 8. Behera, P.R., Dash, R., Ali, S.M., and Mohapatra, K.K., 2014. A Review on Fuel Cell and Its Applications. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, pp. 2319–2322.133 9. Bell, T., 2018. The Properties, Production and Applications of Tin [online]. Available from: https://www.thebalance.com/metal-profile-tin-2340157. 10. Billaud, D., Balan, L., Schneider, R., and Willmann, P., 2006. The Influence of the Synthesis Conditions of Graphite/Tin Nanoparticle Materials on Their Electrode Electrochemical Performance in Li-Ion Battery Anodes. Carbon, 44 (12), pp. 2508–2515. 11. Carter, J.D., Niyogi, S., and Wang, X., 2011. Metallic Bipolar Plates with Composite Coatings. FY 2011 Annual Progress Report, pp. 867–871. 12. Chen, J., 2013. Recent Progress in Advanced Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries. Materials, 6 (1), pp. 156–183. 13. Chen, Y., Wang, J., Meng, X., Zhong, Y., Li, R., Sun, X., Ye, S., and Knights, S., 2013. 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