Modeling And Analysis Of Constants For Various Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor
Double stator topology is recently used for various applications where power segmentation and reliability are the main key factors.Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (DSPM BLDC) has high torque density because it has two air gaps due to two permeances.Thus, the torque produced will be...
Saved in:
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Thesis |
Language: | English English |
Published: |
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23301/1/Modeling%20And%20Analysis%20Of%20Constants%20For%20Various%20Double%20Stator%20Permanent%20Magnet%20Brushless%20DC%20Motor.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23301/2/Modeling%20And%20Analysis%20Of%20Constants%20For%20Various%20Double%20Stator%20Permanent%20Magnet%20Brushless%20DC%20Motor.pdf |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
my-utem-ep.23301 |
---|---|
record_format |
uketd_dc |
institution |
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka |
collection |
UTeM Repository |
language |
English English |
topic |
T Technology (General) T Technology (General) |
spellingShingle |
T Technology (General) T Technology (General) Md Zuki, Nor Aishah Modeling And Analysis Of Constants For Various Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor |
description |
Double stator topology is recently used for various applications where power segmentation and reliability are the main key factors.Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (DSPM BLDC) has high torque density because it has two air gaps due to two permeances.Thus, the torque produced will be almost doubled as a single stator.Therefore many researchers interested to increase the torque density using double stator topology.However, most double stators used surface mount rotor structure. The problem with this structure is that it requires large air gap that could reduce percentage of achieving higher torque with low volume ratio at optimum level.In addition,application such as hybrid or electric vehicle requires fast response motor that capable to react as soon as possible.Thus,the motor must have higher time response with lower electrical time constant,Te and mechanical time constant,Tm.However,there are few literature reported about time response for double stator topology.Basically,most of the literature studies the time response for linear motor and servo motor due to their application for high precision positioning.The time response is relates to various constant parameters of the motor.The advantage of high torque density offered by the double stator is very likely to be implemented for another application in the future. Therefore, to overcome this problem,a new type of double stator permanent magnet motor with Slotted Rotor (DSPM-SR) is introduced and this thesis is the study of the constants for various types of DSPM BLDC motor through model analysis.The usage of the proposed DSPM-SR is to minimize the flux leakage,thus increasing the flux linkage.The proposed DSPM-SR also has the highest torque density among other double stator topology.The objective of this research is to model various types DSPM BLDC and investigate the values of torque,electromotive force (emf),inductance,resistance, flux density,electrical time constant,Te and also mechanical time constant,Tm.For the modeling,the Permeance Analysis Method (PAM) will be used to derive the analytical equations that indicate the presence of two time constants,which are Te and Tm.Finite Element Method (FEM),is used to simulate the real characteristics of various types of DSPM BLDC motor that consider the presence of values Te and Tm.The smaller the response, the better the performance for fast response application. The result shows that the proposed DSPM-SR has good performance such as highest back emf,highest torque and good time response.A prototype of DSPM-SR has been fabricated and measured.The percentage difference of Analytical-FEM for Te and Tm is 4.2 % and 9.1 %, respectively.As a conclusion,this thesis provides an overview of modeling and analysis of various constants that could affect the performance of the double stator topology. |
format |
Thesis |
qualification_name |
Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) |
qualification_level |
Master's degree |
author |
Md Zuki, Nor Aishah |
author_facet |
Md Zuki, Nor Aishah |
author_sort |
Md Zuki, Nor Aishah |
title |
Modeling And Analysis Of Constants For Various Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor |
title_short |
Modeling And Analysis Of Constants For Various Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor |
title_full |
Modeling And Analysis Of Constants For Various Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor |
title_fullStr |
Modeling And Analysis Of Constants For Various Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modeling And Analysis Of Constants For Various Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor |
title_sort |
modeling and analysis of constants for various double stator permanent magnet brushless dc motor |
granting_institution |
UTeM |
granting_department |
Faculty Of Electrical Engineering |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23301/1/Modeling%20And%20Analysis%20Of%20Constants%20For%20Various%20Double%20Stator%20Permanent%20Magnet%20Brushless%20DC%20Motor.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23301/2/Modeling%20And%20Analysis%20Of%20Constants%20For%20Various%20Double%20Stator%20Permanent%20Magnet%20Brushless%20DC%20Motor.pdf |
_version_ |
1747834031293071360 |
spelling |
my-utem-ep.233012022-03-14T14:48:57Z Modeling And Analysis Of Constants For Various Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor 2018 Md Zuki, Nor Aishah T Technology (General) TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering Double stator topology is recently used for various applications where power segmentation and reliability are the main key factors.Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (DSPM BLDC) has high torque density because it has two air gaps due to two permeances.Thus, the torque produced will be almost doubled as a single stator.Therefore many researchers interested to increase the torque density using double stator topology.However, most double stators used surface mount rotor structure. The problem with this structure is that it requires large air gap that could reduce percentage of achieving higher torque with low volume ratio at optimum level.In addition,application such as hybrid or electric vehicle requires fast response motor that capable to react as soon as possible.Thus,the motor must have higher time response with lower electrical time constant,Te and mechanical time constant,Tm.However,there are few literature reported about time response for double stator topology.Basically,most of the literature studies the time response for linear motor and servo motor due to their application for high precision positioning.The time response is relates to various constant parameters of the motor.The advantage of high torque density offered by the double stator is very likely to be implemented for another application in the future. Therefore, to overcome this problem,a new type of double stator permanent magnet motor with Slotted Rotor (DSPM-SR) is introduced and this thesis is the study of the constants for various types of DSPM BLDC motor through model analysis.The usage of the proposed DSPM-SR is to minimize the flux leakage,thus increasing the flux linkage.The proposed DSPM-SR also has the highest torque density among other double stator topology.The objective of this research is to model various types DSPM BLDC and investigate the values of torque,electromotive force (emf),inductance,resistance, flux density,electrical time constant,Te and also mechanical time constant,Tm.For the modeling,the Permeance Analysis Method (PAM) will be used to derive the analytical equations that indicate the presence of two time constants,which are Te and Tm.Finite Element Method (FEM),is used to simulate the real characteristics of various types of DSPM BLDC motor that consider the presence of values Te and Tm.The smaller the response, the better the performance for fast response application. The result shows that the proposed DSPM-SR has good performance such as highest back emf,highest torque and good time response.A prototype of DSPM-SR has been fabricated and measured.The percentage difference of Analytical-FEM for Te and Tm is 4.2 % and 9.1 %, respectively.As a conclusion,this thesis provides an overview of modeling and analysis of various constants that could affect the performance of the double stator topology. 2018 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23301/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23301/1/Modeling%20And%20Analysis%20Of%20Constants%20For%20Various%20Double%20Stator%20Permanent%20Magnet%20Brushless%20DC%20Motor.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23301/2/Modeling%20And%20Analysis%20Of%20Constants%20For%20Various%20Double%20Stator%20Permanent%20Magnet%20Brushless%20DC%20Motor.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=112693 mphil masters UTeM Faculty Of Electrical Engineering 1. ANSYS. , 2016. About Ansys. [online] Available at: http://www.ansys.com/About-ANSYS [Accessed on 15 June 2017]. 2. Bianchi, N., 2005. Electrical Machine Analysis Using Finite Elements. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis (Power electronics and applications series). 3. Bremner, R.D., 2008. Performance and Application of Split Rotor Motor Having Variable Voltage and Torque Constants. 4th IET Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2008. PEMD 2008., pp. 367–371. 4. Byoung-kuk Lee, Gyu-Hong Kang, Jin Hur, and Dong-Wook You, 2004. Design of Spoke Type BLDC Motors with High Power Density for Traction Applications. Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting., 2, pp. 1068–1074. 5. Cavagnino, A., Li, Z., Tenconi, A., and Vaschetto, S., 2013. Integrated Generator for More Electric Engine: Design and Testing of a Scaled-Size Prototype. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 49(5), pp. 2034–2043. 6. Chai, F., Cui, S., and Cheng, S., 2005. Performance Analysis of Double-Stator Starter Generator for the Hybrid Electric Vehicle. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41(1), pp. 484–487. 7. Chai, F., Xia, J., Gong, H., Guo, B., and Cheng, S., 2008. Torque Analysis of DoubleStator Permanent Magnet Synchronous for Hybrid Electric Vehicle. In: 2008 IEEE Vehicle.Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC 2008, pp. 1–5. 7. Chen, Q., Liu, G., Zhao, W., and Shao, M., 2013. Nonlinear Adaptive Lumped Parameter Magnetic Circuit Analysis for Spoke-Type Fault-Tolerant Permanent-Magnet Motors. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 49(9), pp. 5150–5157. 8. Chen, Y., Quan, L., Zhu, X., Wei, H., and Zheng, W., 2012. Electromagnetic Performance Analysis of Double-Rotor Stator Permanent Magnet Motor for Hybrid Electric Vehicle. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 48(11), pp. 4204–4207. 9. Cho, H.S., Cho, H.R., and Lee, H.S., 1999. Effect of Pole to Slot Number Ratio on BackEMF Constant of BLDC Motor with Nonoverlapping Stator Winding. IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, IEMDC 1999 - Proceedings, (1), pp. 54–56. 10. Cho, H.S., and Jung, H.K., 2001. Effect of Coil Position and Width on Back-EMF Constant of Permanent Magnet Planar Motors. In: IEMDC 2001 - IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, pp. 430–435. 11. Chockalingam Aravind Vaithilingam, N.M., Ishak Aris, Mohammad Hamiruce Marhaban, A., and Nirei, M., 2013. Electromagnetic Design and Fem Analysis of A Novel Dual-Air Reluctance Machine. Progress In Electromagnetic Research (PIER), 140, pp. 523–544. 12. Crescimbini, F., Di Napoli, A., Solero, L., and Caricchi, F., 2005. Compact PermanentMagnet Generator for Hybrid Vehicle Applications. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 41(5), pp. 1168–1177. 13. Delforge, C., and Lemaire-Semail, B., 1995. Induction Machine Modeling Using Finite Element and Permeance Network Methods. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 31(31), pp. 2092–2095. 14. Deshpande, U.S., Cathey, J.J., and Richter, E., 1995. High-Force Density Linear Switched Reluctance Machine. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 31(2), pp. 345–352. 15. Diryak, E., Lefley, P., Petkovska, L., and Cvetkovski, G., 2012. Design Optimization of a Double Stator Cup- Rotor Machine. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6(11), pp. 1569–1575. 16. Dwivedi, A., 2012. Analysis of Dual Stator PM Brushless DC Motor. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 1(2), pp. 51–56. 17. Feng, C., Jing, X., Bin, G., Shukang, C., and Jiange, Z., 2009. Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Synchronous in-Wheel Motor for Hybrid Electric Drive System. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45(1), pp. 278–281. 18. Galea, M., Hamiti, T., and Gerada, C., 2013. Torque Density Improvements for High Performance Machines. In: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, IEMDC 2013, pp. 1066–1073. 19. Gholase, V., and Fernandes, B.G., 2015. Design of Efficient BLDC Motor for DC Operated Mixer-Grinder. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2015–June(June), pp. 696–701. 20. Han, Q., Samoylenko, N., and Jatskevich, J., 2008. Average-Value Modeling of Brushless DC Motors With 120 Deg Voltage Source Inverter. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 23(2), pp. 423–432. 21. Hassanain, N.E. a. M., and Fletcher, J.E., 2010. Steady-State Performance Assessment of Three- and Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Generators Connected to a Diode Bridge Rectifier under Open-Circuit Faults. IET Renewable Power Generation, 4(5), p. 420-427. 22. Ho, Z.S., Uang, C.M., Wang, P.C., and Liu, S.H., 2011. Implementation of Food Processor Application Using Brushless DC Motor Control. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, pp. 272–277. 23. Hwang, K.Y., Jo, J.H., and Kwon, B.I., 2009. A Study on Optimal Pole Design of SpokeType IPMSM with Concentrated Winding for Reducing the Torque Ripple by Experiment Design Method. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45(10), pp. 4712–4715. 24. Hwang, K.Y., Rhee, S.B., Yang, B.Y., and Kwon, B.I., 2006. Rotor Pole Design in Spoke Type BLDC Motor by RSM. In: 12th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, CEFC 2006, pp. 425 25. Hwang, K.-Y., Rhee, S.-B., Yang, B.-Y., and Kwon, B.-I., 2007. Rotor Pole Design in Spoke-Type Brushless DC Motor by Response Surface Method. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43(4), pp. 1833–1836. 26. Je-Wook, P., Seon-Hwan, H., and Jang-Mok, K., 2012. Sensorless Control of Brushless DC Motors With Torque Constant Estimation for Home Appliances. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 48(2), pp. 677–684. 27. Kim, D.Y., Moon, J.J., Kim, J.M., and Ji, J.S., 2016. Sensorless Control Method of 3- Phase BLDC Motor through the Real Time Compensation of Back-EMF Constant. 2016 IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, IPEMC-ECCE Asia 2016, pp. 3361–3367. 28. Kim, D.Y., Nam, J.K., and Jang, G.H., 2013. Reduction of Magnetically Induced Vibration of a Spoke-Type iPM Motor Using Magnetomechanical Coupled Analysis and Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 49(9), pp. 5097–5105. 29. Kim, K.C., and Lee, J., 2005. The Dynamic Analysis of a Spoke-Type Permanent Magnet Generator with Large Overhang. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41(10), pp. 3805-3807. 30. Kim, S. Il, Cho, J., Park, S., Park, T., and Lim, S., 2013. Characteristics Comparison of a Conventional and Modified Spoke-Type Ferrite Magnet Motor for Traction Drives of Low-Speed Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 49(6), pp. 2516–2523. 31. Krykowski, K., and Hetmańczyk, J., 2013. Constant Current Models of Brushless DC Motor. Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering, 3(1), pp. 19–24. 32. Lee, J.W., 2015. Adaptive Sensorless Control of High Speed PMSM with Back EMF Constant Variation. 9th International Conference on Power Electronics - ECCE Asia: ‘Green World with Power Electronics’, ICPE 2015-ECCE Asia, (1), pp. 1400–1404. 33. Lin, D., Zhou, P., and Cendes, Z.J., 2009. In-Depth Study of the Torque Constant for Permanent-Magnet Machines. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45(12), pp. 5383–5387. 34. Liu, C., Chau, K.T., Zhong, J., Li, W., and Li, F., 2012. Quantitative Comparison of Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Vernier Machines with and without HTS Bulks. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 22(3), pp. 5202405–5202405. 35. Liu, X., Zhao, F., and Mei, X., 2017. A Fuzzy Adaptive Controller for Constant Cutting Torque in High-Performance Gear Hobbing Process. IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM, pp. 1725–1730. Liu, Z., Zhao, W., Ji, J., and Chen, Q., 2015. A Novel Double-Stator Tubular Vernier Permanent-Magnet Motor with High Thrust Density and Low Cogging Force. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 51(7), pp. 1–7. 36. Long, F., and Xu, J., 2014. DC-Link Voltage Calculation of Automotive CPPM Generator with Trapezoidal Back EMF. IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC Asia-Pacific 2014 - Conference Proceedings, pp. 1–4. 37. Mikerov, A.G., 2009. Brushless DC Torque Motors Quality Level Indexes for Servo Drive Applications. In: IEEE EUROCON 2009, EUROCON 2009, pp. 827–834. 38. Miller, T.J.E., McGilp, M.I., Staton, D.A., and Bremner, J.J., 1999. Calculation of Inductance in Permanent-Magnet DC Motors. IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications, 146(2), pp. 129–137. 39. Misron, N., Aravind Vaithilingam, C., Mailah, N., Masaya, K., and Hanamoto, T., 2016. A New Maximum Power Point Estimator Control Strategy to Maximize Output Power of the Double Stator Permanent Magnet Generator. Applied Sciences, 6(8), pp. 1–12. 40. Mizuno, T., Iwadare, M., Nanahara, M., Koyama, K., Anzai, T., Nirei, M., and Yamada, H., 2000. Considerations on Electrical and Mechanical Time Constants of a MovingMagnet-Type Linear DC Motor. Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 81(1), pp. 301–304. 41. Mizuno, T., Iwadare, M., and Yamada, H., 1999. Kinetic Performance of a MovingMagnet-Type Linear DC Motor. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 35(5), pp. 3313–3315. 41. Mizuno, T., Kawai, M., Tsuchiya, F., Kosugi, M., and Yamada, H., 2005. An Examination for Increasing the Motor Constant of a Cylindrical Moving Magnet-Type Linear Actuator. In: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41(10), pp. 3976–3978. 42. Mizuno, T., Teramae, Y., Hattori, Y., and Horio, T., 2010. Evaluation of Oscillatory Actuator for Optical Scanner. 19th International Conference on Electrical Machines, ICEM 2010, pp. 3–8. 43. Mustafa, S.S., Misron, N., Mariun, N., Othman, M.L., and Hanamoto, T., 2017. Torque Distribution Characteristics of a Novel Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Generator Integrated with a Magnetic Gear. Energies, 10, pp. 1–26. 44. Nakai, K., Nozaki, T., and Murakami, T., 2016. Robust Sensorless Control for Brushless DC Motor against Sudden Disturbance and Validation under Change of Back Electromotive Force Constant. IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference), pp. 2892–2897. 45. Nirei, M., Tang, Y., Mizuno, T., Yamamoto, H., Shibuya, K., and Yamada, H., 2000. Iron Loss Analysis of Moving-Coil-Type Linear DC Motor. Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 81(1), pp. 305–308. 46. Niu, S., Chau, K.T., and Jiang, J.Z., 2008. A Permanent-Magnet Double-Stator Integratedstarter-Generator for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. 2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC 2008, pp. 1-6. 47. Niu, S., Chau, K.T., Jiang, J.Z., and Liu, C., 2007a. Design and Control of a New DoubleStator Cup-Rotor Permanent-Magnet Machine for Wind Power Generation. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43(6), pp. 2501–2503. 48. Niu, S., Chau, K.T., Zhang, D., Jiang, J.Z., and China, Z.W., 2007. Design and Control of a Double-Stator Permanent-Magnet Motor Drive for Electric Vehicles. In: Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society), pp. 1293–1300. 49. Nor Firdaus, R., Misron, N., Aravind Vaithilingam, C., Nirei, M., and Wakiwaka, H., 2014. Improvement of Energy Density in Single Stator Interior Permanent Magnet Using Double Stator Topology. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2014, pp. 1–15. 50. Norhisam, M., Firdaus, R.N., Azhar, F., Mariun, N., Aris, I., and Abdul, R.J., 2008. The Analysis on Effect of Thrust Constant, Spring Constant, Electrical Time Constant, 51. Mechanical Time Constant to Oscillation Displacement of Slot-Less Linear Oscillatory Actuator. PECon 2008 - 2008 IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference, (PECon 08), pp. 1076–1081. 52. Norhisam, M., Norafiza, M., and Sia, C.Y., 2009. Double Stator Type Permanent Magnet Generator. In: SCOReD2009 - Proceedings of 2009 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development, pp. 316–319. 53. Park, J.S., Lee, S.H., Moon, C., and Kwon, Y.A., 2010. State Observer with Stator Resistance and Back-EMF Constant Estimation for Sensorless PMSM. IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON, pp. 31–36. 54. Park, J.W., Hwang, S.H., Kim, J.M., and Ahn, J.W., 2010. Sensorless Drive of Brushless DC Motors with Estimating Torque Constant for Home Appliance. 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2010 - Proceedings, pp. 3798–3802. 55. Petrichenko, D., Hecquet, M., Brochet, P., Kuznetsov, V., and Laloy, D., 2006. Design and Simulation of Turbo-Alternators Using a Coupled Permeance Network Model. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 42(4), pp. 1259–1262. 56. Purwadi, A., Hutahaean, R., Rizqiawan, A., Heryana, N., Heryanto, N.A., and Hindersah, H., 2016. Comparison of Maximum Torque per Ampere and Constant Torque Angle Control for 30kw Interior Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. In: Proceedings - Joint International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology and Industrial, Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineering, ICEVT 2015 and IMECE 2015, pp. 253–257. 57. Sinotech Catalogue., 2014. Brushless DC Motor Catalog [online] Available at: https://www.sinotech.com/full-motor-catalog/ [Accessed on 4 May 2017]Toliyat, H. A. and Kliman, G. B., 2004. Handbook of Electric Motors. 2nd Edition, New York: Marcel Dekker (Electrical and computer engineering, 120). 58. Touati, S., Ibtiouen, R., Touhami, O., and Djerdir, A., 2011. Experimental Investigation and Optimiza- Tion of Permanent Magnet Motor Based on Coupling Boundary Element Method With Permeances Network. Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 111(September 2010), pp. 71–90. 59. Wang, J., and Howe, D., 2005. Tubular Modular Permanent-Magnet Machines Equipped with Quasi-Halbach Magnetized Magnets - Part II: Armature Reaction and Design Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41(9), pp. 2479–2489. 60. Wang, J., Howe, D., and Jewell, G.W., 2004. Analysis and Design Optimization of an Improved Axially Magnetized Tubular Permanent-Magnet Machine. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 19(2), pp. 289–295. 61. Wang, X., Li, Q., Wang, S., and Li, Q., 2003. Analytical Calculation of Air-Gap Magnetic Field Distribution and Instantaneous Characteristics of Brushless DC Motors. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 18(3), pp. 424–432. 62. Wang, Y.W.Y., Cheng, M.C.M., Du, Y.D.Y., and Ding, S.D.S., 2010. Vector Control of Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless Motor with Surface Mounted Topology. Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2010 International Conference on, (1), pp. 6– 9.Wang, Z., Wang, M., Guo, B., and Feng, C., 2014. Load Torque and Inertia Simulation Based on Double Stator Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. 2014 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Hiroshima 2014 - ECCE ASIA), (1), pp. 3129–3133. 63. Welch, R.H.J., and Younkin, G.W., 2002. How Temperature Affects a Servomotor’s Electrical and Mechanical Time Constants. Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344), 2, pp. 1041– 1046. 64. Wu, W., 2012. DC Motor Parameter Identification Using Speed Step Responses. Modelling and Simulation in Engineering, 2012, pp. 1-11. 65. Yulong, P., Feng, C., Jia, S., and Shukang, C., 2011. Design of the Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Synchronous Starter and Generator Used in Electric Vehicles. 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2011, pp. 1–4. 66. Zhang, J., Moreau, L., Guo, J., and Machmoum, M., 2014. Joint Optimization of Electromagnetic Structure and Control of a Double Stator Permanent Magnet Generator for Tidal Energy Applications. Proceedings - 2014 International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition, IEEE PEAC 2014, (1), pp. 485–489. 67. Zhao, J., Li, J., and Chen, Z., 2014. Design and Analysis of a Five-Phase Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. 17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), pp. 967–973. 68. Zhu, Z.Q., Pang, Y., Howe, D., Iwasaki, S., Deodhar, R., and Pride, A., 2005. Analysis of Electromagnetic Performance of Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Machines by Nonlinear Adaptive Lumped Parameter Magnetic Circuit Model. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41(11), pp. 4277–4287 |