Validation Of Quality Requirements Through Requirements-Based Testing With Semi-Formalised Model

The usage of software system and applications has increased massively to fulfill various kind of purpose for organization,business and individual.In this case, high quality software system and application are required to ensure it provides the intended functionalities.To achieve quality software sys...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Moketar, Nor Aiza
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23361/1/Validation%20Of%20Quality%20Requirements%20Through%20Requirements-Based%20Testing%20With%20Semi-Formalised%20Model.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23361/2/Validation%20Of%20Quality%20Requirements%20Through%20Requirements-Based%20Testing%20With%20Semi-Formalised%20Model.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-utem-ep.23361
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection UTeM Repository
language English
English
topic Q Science (General)
Q Science (General)
spellingShingle Q Science (General)
Q Science (General)
Moketar, Nor Aiza
Validation Of Quality Requirements Through Requirements-Based Testing With Semi-Formalised Model
description The usage of software system and applications has increased massively to fulfill various kind of purpose for organization,business and individual.In this case, high quality software system and application are required to ensure it provides the intended functionalities.To achieve quality software system and application,a good quality of requirements needs to be defined and validated.However,it is difficult to accomplish due to the flexibility of natural language requirements that can be confusing and easily misinterpreted.This can lead to requirements-related problems such as incorrectness, incompleteness and inconsistency.These errors in requirements will produce defective software that can lead to undesirable and non-acceptance by stakeholders. Therefore,it is crucial for the software requirements to fulfill basic quality attributes such as correctness, completeness,and consistency (3Cs).Motivated from these problems,the main objective of this studyis to develop an automated approach to validate the quality of requirements through Requirements-Based Testing methodology with semi-formalized model.This studyproposes a new automated approach to assist the requirements engineer and client-stakeholders to validate the quality of requirements.For this,we generate abstract tests by integratingRequirements-based Testing (RBT) methodology and rapid prototyping with semi-formalized models:Essential Use Cases (EUCs) and Essential User Interface (EUI).Next,we have developed pattern libraries to support the automatic extraction of abstract tests from the EUC model.They are test requirements pattern library and testcase pattern library.Here,an automated tool support called TestMEReq is also developed to realize the approach.The test-authoring template to assist requirements engineer to write accurate tests is also developed.Then,a real-time collaborative approachis also integrated with the tool to encourage users’ involvement in the validation process as well as to support better communication and collaboration among stakeholders.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation of the approach,comprising experiments of correctness test and usability test were conducted.In summary,the findings of the evaluations show that our approach can contribute to the body of knowledge of requirements engineering especially in enhancing the quality of requirements at the earliest stage.It is found that the approach is able to enhance the correctness level of the elicited requirements compared to the manual approach and produce correct generation of test.The results of the usability tests show that the approach is useful and helpful in validating the quality of requirements at the early stage of software development and able to ease the requirements validation process.
format Thesis
qualification_name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level Doctorate
author Moketar, Nor Aiza
author_facet Moketar, Nor Aiza
author_sort Moketar, Nor Aiza
title Validation Of Quality Requirements Through Requirements-Based Testing With Semi-Formalised Model
title_short Validation Of Quality Requirements Through Requirements-Based Testing With Semi-Formalised Model
title_full Validation Of Quality Requirements Through Requirements-Based Testing With Semi-Formalised Model
title_fullStr Validation Of Quality Requirements Through Requirements-Based Testing With Semi-Formalised Model
title_full_unstemmed Validation Of Quality Requirements Through Requirements-Based Testing With Semi-Formalised Model
title_sort validation of quality requirements through requirements-based testing with semi-formalised model
granting_institution UTeM
granting_department Faculty Of Information And Communication Technology
publishDate 2018
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23361/1/Validation%20Of%20Quality%20Requirements%20Through%20Requirements-Based%20Testing%20With%20Semi-Formalised%20Model.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23361/2/Validation%20Of%20Quality%20Requirements%20Through%20Requirements-Based%20Testing%20With%20Semi-Formalised%20Model.pdf
_version_ 1747834043233206272
spelling my-utem-ep.233612022-03-30T10:53:47Z Validation Of Quality Requirements Through Requirements-Based Testing With Semi-Formalised Model 2018 Moketar, Nor Aiza Q Science (General) QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science The usage of software system and applications has increased massively to fulfill various kind of purpose for organization,business and individual.In this case, high quality software system and application are required to ensure it provides the intended functionalities.To achieve quality software system and application,a good quality of requirements needs to be defined and validated.However,it is difficult to accomplish due to the flexibility of natural language requirements that can be confusing and easily misinterpreted.This can lead to requirements-related problems such as incorrectness, incompleteness and inconsistency.These errors in requirements will produce defective software that can lead to undesirable and non-acceptance by stakeholders. Therefore,it is crucial for the software requirements to fulfill basic quality attributes such as correctness, completeness,and consistency (3Cs).Motivated from these problems,the main objective of this studyis to develop an automated approach to validate the quality of requirements through Requirements-Based Testing methodology with semi-formalized model.This studyproposes a new automated approach to assist the requirements engineer and client-stakeholders to validate the quality of requirements.For this,we generate abstract tests by integratingRequirements-based Testing (RBT) methodology and rapid prototyping with semi-formalized models:Essential Use Cases (EUCs) and Essential User Interface (EUI).Next,we have developed pattern libraries to support the automatic extraction of abstract tests from the EUC model.They are test requirements pattern library and testcase pattern library.Here,an automated tool support called TestMEReq is also developed to realize the approach.The test-authoring template to assist requirements engineer to write accurate tests is also developed.Then,a real-time collaborative approachis also integrated with the tool to encourage users’ involvement in the validation process as well as to support better communication and collaboration among stakeholders.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation of the approach,comprising experiments of correctness test and usability test were conducted.In summary,the findings of the evaluations show that our approach can contribute to the body of knowledge of requirements engineering especially in enhancing the quality of requirements at the earliest stage.It is found that the approach is able to enhance the correctness level of the elicited requirements compared to the manual approach and produce correct generation of test.The results of the usability tests show that the approach is useful and helpful in validating the quality of requirements at the early stage of software development and able to ease the requirements validation process. 2018 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23361/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23361/1/Validation%20Of%20Quality%20Requirements%20Through%20Requirements-Based%20Testing%20With%20Semi-Formalised%20Model.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23361/2/Validation%20Of%20Quality%20Requirements%20Through%20Requirements-Based%20Testing%20With%20Semi-Formalised%20Model.pdf text en validuser http://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=113294 phd doctoral UTeM Faculty Of Information And Communication Technology 1. Aceituna, D., Do, H., and Lee, S.-W., 2010. SQ^(2)E: An Approach to Requirements Validation with Scenario Question. In: 2010 Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference. pp.33–42. 2. Aceituna, D., Do, H., and Lee, S.W., 2011. Interactive requirements validation for reactive systems through virtual requirements prototype. In: 2011 Model-Driven Requirements Engineering Workshop, MoDRE 2011. pp.1–10. 3. Alberto Rodrigues da Silva, 2014. Quality of requirements specifications: a preliminary overview of an automatic validation approach. 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp.1021–1022. 4. Ali, N. and Lai, R., 2017. A method of software requirements specification and validation for global software development. Requirements Engineering, 22 (2), pp.191–214. 5. Ali, N.M., Hosking, J., Huh, J., and Grundy, J., 2009a. Template-based critic authoring for domain-specific visual language tools. 2009 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing, VL/HCC 2009, pp.111–118. 6. Ali, N.M., Hosking, J., Huh, J., and Grundy, J., 2009b. Critic Authoring Templates for Specifying Domain-Specific Visual Language Tool Critics. In: 2009 Australian Software Engineering Conference. IEEE, pp.81–90. 7. Ambler, S.W., 2003. Essential (Low Fidelity) User Interface Prototypes [online]. 8. Anas, H., Ilyas, M., Tariq, Q., and Hummayun, M., 2016. Requirements Validation Techniques: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Computer Applications, 148 (14), pp.5–10. 9. Azadegan, A., Papamichail, K.N., and Sampaio, P., 2013. Applying collaborative process design to user requirements elicitation: A case study. Computers in Industry, 64 (7), pp.798–812. 10. Beaudouin-Lafon, M. and Mackay, W., 2007. The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook. The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook. CRC Press. 11. Bender, 2009. Requirements Based Testing Process Overview. 12. Berntsson-svensson, R. and Aurum, A., 2006. Successful Software Project and Products: An Empirical Investigation. In: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering. pp.144–153. 13. Biddle, R., Noble, J., and Tempero, E., 2002. From Essential Use Cases to Objects. In: forUSE 2002 Proceedings. 14. Blackwell, A.F., Britton, C., Cox, A., Green, T.R.G., Gurr, C., and Kadoda, G., 2001. Cognitive Dimensions of Notations : Design Tools for Cognitive Technology. In: Cognitive Technology: Instruments of Mind. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, pp.325–341. 15. Bomsdorf, B. and Sinnig, D., 2009. Model-Based Specification and Validation of User Interface Requirements. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends. pp.587–596. 16. Boota, M.W., Ahmad, N., and Masoom, A.H., 2014. Requirement Engineering Issues and Their Solutions. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR), 2 (11), pp.50–56. 17. Bubenko, J. a. . J., 1995. Challenges in requirements engineering. Proceedings of 1995 IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering (RE’95), pp.160–162. 18. Cao, L. and Ramesh, B., 2008. Agile requirements engineering practices: An empirical study. IEEE Software, 25 (1), pp.60–67. 19. Castillo-Montoya, M., 2016. Preparing for Interview Research : The Interview Protocol Refinement Framework. The Qualitative Report, 21 (5), pp.811–831. 20. Cavada, R., Cimatti, a., Mariotti, a., Mattarei, C., Micheli, a., Mover, S., Pensallorto, M., Roveri, M., Susi, a., and Tonetta, S., 2009. Supporting requirements validation: The EuRailCheck tool. ASE2009 - 24th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, pp.665–667. 21. Christensen, L.B., Johnson, R.B., and Turner, L.A., 2010. Research Methods, Design, and Analysis. 11th ed. Pearson Education. 22. Cimatti, A., Roveri, M., Susi, A., and Tonetta, S., 2009. From Informal Requirements to Property-Driven Formal Validation. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). pp.166–181. 23. Cimatti, A., Roveri, M., Susi, A., and Tonetta, S., 2012. Validation of requirements for hybrid systems. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, 21 (4), pp.1–34. 24. Condori-Fernandez, N., Daneva, M., Sikkel, K., Wieringa, R., Dieste, O., and Pastor, O., 2009. A systematic mapping study on empirical evaluation of software requirements specifications techniques. In: 2009 3rd International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. IEEE, pp.502–505. 25. Condori-Fernandez, N., España, S., Sikkel, K., Daneva, M., and González, A., 2014. Analyzing the effect of the collaborative interactions on performance of requirements validation. In: 20th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2014. pp.216–231. 26. Constantine, L.L. and Lockwood, L.A.D., 2001. Structure and Style in Use Cases for User Interface Design. 27. Daneva, M., Damian, D., Marchetto, A., and Pastor, O., 2014. Empirical research methodologies and studies in Requirements Engineering: How far did we come? Journal of Systems and Software, 95, pp.1–9. 28. Dargham, J. and Semaan, R., 2008. A navigational web requirements validation through animation. Proceedings - 3rd International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, ICIW 2008, pp.211–216. 29. Davis, A., Dieste, O., Hickey, A., Juristo, N., and Moreno, A.M., 2006a. Effectiveness of requirements elicitation techniques: Empirical results derived from a systematic review. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering, pp.176–185. 30. Davis, S., Bogen, P., Cifuentes, L., Francisco-Revilla, L., Furuta, R., Hubbard, T., Karadkar, U.P., Pogue, D., and Shipman, F., 2006b. Template-based Authoring of Educational Artifacts. Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, pp.242–243. 31. Denger, C., Berry, D.M., and Kamsties, E., 2003. Higher quality requirements specifications through natural language patterns. Proceedings 2003 Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp.80–90. 32. E. Damian, D. and Zowghi, D., 2003. RE challenges in multi-site software development organisations. Requirements Engineering, 8 (2003), pp.149–160. 33. El-Attar, M. and Abdul-Ghani, H.A., 2016. Using security robustness analysis for early-stage validation of functional security requirements. Requirements Engineering, 21 (1), pp.1–27. 34. Fabbrini, F., M.Fusani, S.Gnesi, and G.Lami, 2001. The Linguistic Approach to the Natural Language Requirements Quality: Benefit of the use of an Automatic Tool. Software Engineering Workshop, 2001. Proceedings. 26th Annual NASA Goddard , pp.95–105. 35. Felderer, M. and Beer, A., 2013. Using defect taxonomies for requirements validation in industrial projects. 2013 21st IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, RE 2013 - Proceedings, pp.296–301. 36. Femmer, H., Fernández, D.M., Juergens, E., Klose, M., Zimmer, I., and Zimmer, J., 2014. Rapid requirements checks with requirements smells: two case studies. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Rapid Continuous Software Engineering - RCoSE 2014. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, pp.10–19. 37. Fenkam, P., Gall, H., and Jazayeri, M., 2002. Visual requirements validation: Case study in a CORBA-supported environment. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering, 2002–Janua, pp.81–88. 38. Firesmith, D.G., 2007. Common Requirements Problems , Their Negative Consequences , and the Industry Best Practices to Help Solve Them. Journal of Object Technology, 6 (1), pp.17–33. 39. Gabrysiak, G., Giese, H., and Seibel, A., 2009. Interactive Visualization for Elicitation and Validationn of Requirements with Scenario-Based Prototyping. In: 2009 Fourth International Workshop on Requirements Engineering Visualization. IEEE, pp.41–45. 40. Gaur, V. and Soni, A., 2013. A fuzzy traceability vector model for requirements validation. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 47 (2/3), pp.172-188. 41. Génova, G., Fuentes, J.M., Llorens, J., Hurtado, O., and Moreno, V., 2013. A framework to measure and improve the quality of textual requirements. Requirements Engineering, 18 (1), pp.25–41. 42. Gerson, R., Azevedo, D.A., Costa, R., Santos, M., Araújo, E.C., Fernando, L., Soares, G., Salles, C. De, and Neto, S., 2013. Multimedia Authoring Based on Templates and Semi-, pp.205–214. 43. Green, T. and Blackwell, A., 1998. Cognitive Dimensions of Information Artefacts : a tutorial. 44. Hansen, S., Berente, N., and Lyytinen, K., 2009. Requirements in the 21st Century: Current Practice and Emerging Trends. In: Design Requirements Engineering: A Ten-Year Perspective. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. pp.44–87. 45. Haugset, B. and Hanssen, G.K., 2008. Automated Acceptance Testing: A Literature Review and an Industrial Case Study. Agile 2008 Conference, pp.27–38. 46. Heinonen, S. and Tanner, H., 2010. Early Validation of Requirements in Distributed Product Development – An Industrial Case Study. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). pp.279–288. 47. Hofmann, H.F. and Lehner, F., 2001. Requirements engineering as a success factor in software projects. IEEE Software, 18 (4), pp.58–66. 48. Holtmann, J., Meyer, J., and Von Detten, M., 2011. Automatic validation and correction of formalized, textual requirements. Proceedings - 4th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification, and Validation Workshops, ICSTW 2011, pp.486–495. 49. Hsia, P., Davis, A., and Kung, D., 1993. Status report: requirements engineering. IEEE Software, 10 (6), pp.75–79. 50. IEEE, 1998a. IEEE 830: Recommended Practice for Software Requirements Specifications. IEEE Std 830-1998. 51. IEEE, 1998b. IEEE Recommended Practice for Software Requirements Specifications. IEEE Std 830-1998. 52. Inayat, I., Salim, S.S., Marczak, S., Daneva, M., and Shamshirband, S., 2015. A systematic literature review on agile requirements engineering practices and challenges. Computers in Human Behavior, 51 (6), pp.915–929. 53. Jureta, I., Mylopoulos, J., and Faulkner, S., 2009. Analysis of Multi-Party Agreement in Requirements Validation. In: 2009 17th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference. IEEE, pp.57–66. 54. Kamalrudin, M., 2009. Automated Software Tool Support for Checking the Inconsistency of Requirements. In: 2009 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering. IEEE, pp.693–697. 55. Kamalrudin, M. and Grundy, J., 2011a. Generating essential user interface prototypes to validate requirements. 2011 26th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2011, Proceedings, (c), pp.564–567. 56. Kamalrudin, M. and Grundy, J., 2011b. Generating Essential User Interface Prototypes to Validate Requirements. In: IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering. pp.10–13. 57. Kamalrudin, M., Grundy, J., and Hosking, J., 2010. Tool support for essential use cases to better capture software requirements. Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated software engineering - ASE ’10, pp.255-264. 58. Kamalrudin, M., Grundy, J., and Hosking, J., 2012. MaramaAI: tool support for capturing and managing consistency of multi-lingual requirements. Proceedings of the 27th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering - ASE 2012, pp.326-329. 59. Kamalrudin, M., Hosking, J., and Grundy, J., 2011. Improving requirements quality using essential use case interaction patterns. In: 2011 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). pp.531–540. 60. Kendall, K.E. and Kendall, J.E., 2010. Systems analysis and design. 61. Khandkar, S., Park, S., Ghanam, Y., and Maurer, F., 2009. FitClipse: A Tool for Executable Acceptance Test Driven Development. Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming - 10Th, 31, pp.259–260. 62. Kitchenham, B.A. and Charters, S., 2007. Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. EBSE Technical Report. 63. Knauss, E. and Boustani, C. El, 2008. Assessing the Quality of Software Requirements Specifications. 2008 16th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, pp.341–342. 64. Koch, N. and Pastor, O., 2004. Requirements engineering for web applications – a comparative study. Journal of Web Engineering, 2 (3), pp.193–212. 65. Kof, L., Gacitua, R., Rouncefield, M., and Sawyer, P., 2010. Ontology and Model Alignment as a Means for Requirements Validation. In: 2010 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Semantic Computing. IEEE, pp.46–51. 66. Kotonya, G. and Sommerville, I., 1996. Requirements engineering with viewpoints. Software Engineering Journal, 11 (1), pp.5-18. 67. Kotonya, G. and Sommerville, I., 1998. Requirements engineering: processes and techniques. J. Wiley. 68. Kutar, M., Britton, C., and Wilson, J., 2000. Cognitive Dimensions – An Experience Report. In: 12 th Workshop of the Psycology of Programming Interest Group. Cozenza Italy, pp.81–98. 69. Lamsweerde, A. van, 2000. Requirements Engineering in the Year 00: A Research Perspective. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Software Engineering. ICSE 2000 the New Millennium. ACM, pp.5–19. 70. Lamsweerde, A. van, 2009. Requirements Engineering From System Goals to UML Models to Software Specification. 2nd editio. Wiley. 71. Laplante, P.A., 2009. Requirements Engineering for Software and Systems. CRC Press. 72. Lee, Y.K., In, H.P., and Kazman, R., 2014. Customer Requirements Validation Method Based on Mental Models. In: 2014 21st Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference. IEEE, pp.199–206. 73. Leite, J.C.S.P. and Freeman, P.A., 1991. Requirements validation through viewpoint resolution. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 17 (12), pp.1253–1269. 74. Li, D., Li, X., Liu, J., and Liu, Z., 2008. Validation of requirement models by automatic prototyping. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, 4 (3), pp.241–248. 75. Li, M. and Liu, S., 2014. Reviewing Formal Specification for Validation Using Animation and Trace Links. In: 2014 21st Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference. IEEE, pp.263–270. 76. Ling, Y., Jing, L., and Xiaoshan, L., 2009. Validating Requirements Model of a B2B System. In: 2009 Eighth IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science. IEEE, pp.1020–1025. 77. Lund, A.M., 2001. Measuring Usability with the USE Questionnaire. Usability Interface, Mar, pp. 3–6. 78. Maalem, S. and Zarour, N., 2016. Challenge of validation in requirements engineering. Journal of Innovation in Digital Ecosystems, 3 (1), pp.15–21. 79. Machado, R.J., Lassen, K.B., Oliveira, S., Couto, M., and Pinto, P., 2007. Requirements Validation: Execution of UML Models with CPN Tools. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer, 9 (3–4), pp.353–369. 80. Majchrzak, T. a, 2012. Improving Software Testing. Technical and Organizational Developments. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 81. Marchewka, J.T., 2014. Information Technology Project Management. 82. Marques-lucena, C., Agostinho, C., Marcelino-jesus, E., Joao Sarraipa, and Jardim-goncalves, R., 2015. Collaborative Management of Requirements using Semantic Wiki Modules. In: International Conference on Control System and Science. pp.665–672. 83. Miao, W., Pu, G., Yao, Y., Su, T., Bao, D., Liu, Y., Chen, S., and Xiong, K., 2016. Automated Requirements Validation for ATP Software via Specification Review and Testing. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10009. pp.26–40. 84. Mogyorodi, G., 2003. ’What Is Requirements-Based Testing? Crosstalk: The Journal of Defense Software Engineering, (March), pp.1–4. 85. Mohd, H.N.N. and Shamsul, S., 2011. Critical success factors for software projects: A comparative study. Scientific Research and Essays, 6 (10), pp.2174–2186. 86. Mokhtar, S.O., Nordin, R., Aziz, Z.A., and Rawi, R.M., 2017. Issues and Challenges of Requirements Review in the Industry. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 10 (3), pp.1–5. 87. Munir, A. and Ikram, N., 2009. Effective communication and coordination: A comparison of requirements validation techniques in GSD. In: Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering, SE 2009. pp.93–100. 88. Nuseibeh, B. and Easterbrook, S., 2000. Requirements Engineering: A Roadmap. In: Proceedings of the Conference on The Future of Software Engineering, ICSE 00. Limerick, Ireland: ACM Press, pp.35–46. 89. Paetsch, F., Eberlein, A., and Maurer, F., 2003. Requirements engineering and agile software development. In: WET ICE 2003. Proceedings. Twelfth IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, 2003. IEEE Comput. Soc, pp.308–313. 90. Pawlowski, R.P., Phipps, E.T., and Salinger, A.G., 2012. Automating embedded analysis capabilities and managing software complexity in multiphysics simulation , Part I : Template-based generic programming, 20, pp.197–219. 91. Picardi, C.A. and Masick, K.D., 2014. Research Methods: Designing and Conducting Research with a Real-World Focus. SAGE Publications. 92. Pitangueira, A.M., Maciel, R.S.P., de Oliveira Barros, M., and Andrade, A.S., 2013. A Systematic Review of Software Requirements Selection and Prioritization Using SBSE Approaches. In: Search Based Software Engineering. SSBSE 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. pp.188–208. 93. Pohl, K., 2010. Requirements Engineering: Fundamentals, Principles and Techniques. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 94. Raja, U.A., 2009. Empirical studies of requirements validation techniques. In: 2009 2nd International Conference on Computer, Control and Communication. IEEE, pp.1–9. 95. Rodrigues, A., 2014. Quality of Requirements Specifications - A Framework for Automatic Validation of Requirements. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. pp.96–107. 96. Saito, S., Hagiwara, J., Yagasaki, T., and Natsukawa, K., 2015. ReVAMP: Requirements Validation Approach using Models and Prototyping — Practical Cases of Requirements Engineering in End-User Computing. Journal of Information Processing, 23 (4), pp.411–419. 97. Saqi, S.B. and Ahmed, S., 2008. Requirements Validation Techniques practiced in industry : Studies of six companies, (October), pp.1–74. 98. Scandurra, P., Arnoldi, A., Yue, T., and Dolci, M., 2012. Functional requirements validation by transforming use case models into Abstract State Machines. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing - SAC ’12. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, pp.1063. 99. Sharma, M. and B., S.C., 2010. Automatic Generation of Test Suites from Decision Table - Theory and Implementation. 2010 Fifth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances, pp.459–464. 100. Sharma, R. and Biswas, K.K., 2012. Using norm analysis patterns for automated requirements validation. 2012 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Requirements Patterns, RePa 2012 - Proceedings, pp.23–28. 101. Skoković, P., Rakić-Skoković, M., and Teaching, 2010. Requirements-Based Testing Process in Practice. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (IJIEM), 1 (4), pp.155–161. 102. Sommerville, I., 2001. Software Engineering. 6th editio. Addison-Wesley Publishers Limited. 103. Sourour, M.D. and Zarour, N., 2011. A Methodology of Collaborative Requirements Validation in a Cooperative Environment. In: 10th International Symposium Programming and Systems (ISPS), 2011. pp.140–147. 104. Suma, V. and Shubhamangala, B.R., 2013. A Comprehensive Analysis of Factors Influencing Quality of Requirements. Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, 1 (2), pp.199–203. 105. Tarawneh, M.M.I., AL-Tarawneh, H., and Elsheikh, A., 2008. Software Development Projects: An Investigation into the Factors that Affect Software Project Success/ Failure in Jordanian Firms. In: 2008 First International Conference on the Applications of Digital Information and Web Technologies (ICADIWT). IEEE, pp.246–251. 106. Thongglin, K., Cardey, S., and Greenfield, P., 2013. Thai software requirements specification pattern. In: 2013 IEEE 12th International Conference on Intelligent Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques (SoMeT). pp.179–184. 107. UCLA: Statistical Consulting, G., 2016. What does Cronbach’s alpha mean.docx. 108. Vieira, R., Ferreira, D., Borbinha, J., and Gaspar, G., 2012. A requirements engineering analysis of MoReq. Records Management Journal, 22 (3), pp.212–228. 109. Wang, C., Pastore, F., Goknil, A., Briand, L., and Iqbal, Z., 2015. Automatic generation of system test cases from use case specifications. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis - ISSTA 2015. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, pp.385–396. 110. Wen, B., Luo, Z., and Liang, P., 2012. Distributed and Collaborative Requirements Elicitation Based on Social Intelligence. In: 2012 Ninth Web Information Systems and Applications Conference. IEEE, pp.127–130. 111. Yang, L.-R., Chen, J.-H., and Huang, C.-F., 2012. Requirements Definition and Management Practice to Improve Project Outcomes. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 18 (1), pp.114–124. 112. Yin, L., Liu, J., and Li, X., 2009. Validating requirements model of a B2B system. In: Proceedings of the 2009 8th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science, ICIS 2009. pp.1020–1025. 113. Young, R.R., 2001. Effective Requirements Practice. 1st Editio. Addison-Wesley Information Technology Series. 114. Yousuf, F., Zaman, Z., and Ikram, N., 2008. Requirements validation techniques in GSD: A survey. In: 2008 IEEE International Multitopic Conference. IEEE, pp.553–557. 115. Yusop, N., Kamalrudin, M., Sidek, S., and Grundy, J., 2016. Automated Support to Capture and Validate Security Requirements for Mobile Apps. In: Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 671. pp.97–112. 116. Zafar, S., Farooq-Khan, N., and Ahmed, M., 2015. Requirements simulation for early validation using Behavior Trees and Datalog. Information and Software Technology, 61, pp.52–70. 117. Zhou, J., 2014. An Observer-Based Technique with Trace Links for Requirements Validation in Embedded Real-Time Systems. In: International Conference on Research in Engineering and Technology. pp.1–52. 118. Zhou, J., Lu, Y., Lundqvist, K., Lonn, H., Karlsson, D., and Liwang, B., 2014. Towards feature-oriented requirements validation for automotive systems. In: 2014 IEEE 22nd International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE). IEEE, pp.428–436. 119. Zowghi, D. and Gervasi, V., 2002. The Three Cs of Requirements: Consistency, Completeness, and Correctness. Proceedings of 8th International Workshop on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, (March), pp.155–164. 120. Zowghi, D. and Gervasi, V., 2003. On the interplay between consistency, completeness, and correctness in requirements evolution. Information and Software Technology, 45 (14), pp.993–1009.