rHDPE-rPP Hybrid Blends From Injection Molding Scrap : Characterization For Conventional Milling Workpiece Application

rHDPE-rPP Hybrid Blends From Injection Molding Scrap : Characterization For Conventional Milling Workpiece Application

Various ratio combinations for two difference polymeric phases could enhance the resulted properties of newly developed miscible blends. The blend could possess higher strength characteristic that would beneficial for various engineering applications. In this study, scrapped from injection molding I...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Wahid, Siti Zaleha
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2017
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23971/1/rHDPE-rPP%20Hybrid%20Blends%20From%20Injection%20Molding%20Scrap%20%3B%20Characterization%20For%20Conventional%20Milling%20Workpiece%20Application.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23971/2/rHDPE-rPP%20Hybrid%20Blends%20From%20Injection%20Molding%20Scrap%20%3B%20Characterization%20For%20Conventional%20Milling%20Workpiece%20Application.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-utem-ep.23971
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection UTeM Repository
language English
English
topic T Technology (General)
TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Wahid, Siti Zaleha
rHDPE-rPP Hybrid Blends From Injection Molding Scrap : Characterization For Conventional Milling Workpiece Application
description Various ratio combinations for two difference polymeric phases could enhance the resulted properties of newly developed miscible blends. The blend could possess higher strength characteristic that would beneficial for various engineering applications. In this study, scrapped from injection molding IM) operation is recycled for polymeric blend development. Recycling of polymeric waste helps to conserve the natural resources and environment by reducing the utilization of hydrocarbon. Up to now, specific research focusing on the blend made from recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) and recycled polypropylene (rPP) due to IM waste are really scarce. Hence, this research has been conducted to develop and formulate the optimum rHDPE/rPP blends for conventional milling operation. This to replace the utilization of an expensive Delrin or steel machining block for teaching and learning purposes in IKTBN Pagoh and IKTBN Sepang, Malaysia. At first, the prime investigation is to evaluate the performance of rHDPE/rPP blends and their correlation between miscibility effects with the resulted mechanical properties of hybrids at various blends ratio. The rHDPE/rPP blends are produced by crushing both rHDPE and rPP materials, followed by secondary mixing via an extrusion process, as to ensure well-mixing of rHDPE/rPP hybrid at their respective formulation ratio. Different ratio of rHDPE/rPP (0/100 wt.%, 30/70 wt.%, 50/50 wt.%, 70/30 wt.%, 100/0 wt.%) are used to investigate the effects of materials phases towards the resulted mechanical, thermal and physical properties of rHDPE/rPP blends. Later, the fracture surface morphology of the selected rHDPE/rPP m blend samples are analysed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation. In addition, the melting temperatures (Tm) of rHDPE/rPP samples are measured by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) technique for miscibility evaluation through thermal route. At the end of this study, rHDPE/rPP blend with higher strength and thermal performances is proposed for substituting the Delrin material for machining application. It was found that the 70/30 wt.% of rHDPE/rPP was significantly possessed outstanding mechanical and physical characteristic in terms of their tensile, elongation at break and the hardness behaviour, as well as better thermal properties improvement. The 70/30 of rHDPE/rPP blend has yielded an extraordinary improvement at about 59.8% in their tensile strength, 473% of elongation at break and 2.3% of the hardness improvements. It was also found that there are two Tm peaks appeared in the total heat flow curve for all formulated blends which indicates the immiscible nature of produced blends. The range of Tm was found gradually decreased when the portion of rHDPE phase is increased up to 100 wt.%. At the end, this research has significantly important to be carried out as to provide another alternative candidate for cost saving machining materials in teaching and learning purposes. This new candidates of rHDPE/rPP blend material produced from recycled IM by-product are also environmental friendly and will not cause pollution or any harm toward the environment.
format Thesis
qualification_name Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level Master's degree
author Wahid, Siti Zaleha
author_facet Wahid, Siti Zaleha
author_sort Wahid, Siti Zaleha
title rHDPE-rPP Hybrid Blends From Injection Molding Scrap : Characterization For Conventional Milling Workpiece Application
title_short rHDPE-rPP Hybrid Blends From Injection Molding Scrap : Characterization For Conventional Milling Workpiece Application
title_full rHDPE-rPP Hybrid Blends From Injection Molding Scrap : Characterization For Conventional Milling Workpiece Application
title_fullStr rHDPE-rPP Hybrid Blends From Injection Molding Scrap : Characterization For Conventional Milling Workpiece Application
title_full_unstemmed rHDPE-rPP Hybrid Blends From Injection Molding Scrap : Characterization For Conventional Milling Workpiece Application
title_sort rhdpe-rpp hybrid blends from injection molding scrap : characterization for conventional milling workpiece application
granting_institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering
publishDate 2017
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23971/1/rHDPE-rPP%20Hybrid%20Blends%20From%20Injection%20Molding%20Scrap%20%3B%20Characterization%20For%20Conventional%20Milling%20Workpiece%20Application.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23971/2/rHDPE-rPP%20Hybrid%20Blends%20From%20Injection%20Molding%20Scrap%20%3B%20Characterization%20For%20Conventional%20Milling%20Workpiece%20Application.pdf
_version_ 1747834063180267520
spelling my-utem-ep.239712022-03-16T12:01:58Z rHDPE-rPP Hybrid Blends From Injection Molding Scrap : Characterization For Conventional Milling Workpiece Application 2017 Wahid, Siti Zaleha T Technology (General) TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery Various ratio combinations for two difference polymeric phases could enhance the resulted properties of newly developed miscible blends. The blend could possess higher strength characteristic that would beneficial for various engineering applications. In this study, scrapped from injection molding IM) operation is recycled for polymeric blend development. Recycling of polymeric waste helps to conserve the natural resources and environment by reducing the utilization of hydrocarbon. Up to now, specific research focusing on the blend made from recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) and recycled polypropylene (rPP) due to IM waste are really scarce. Hence, this research has been conducted to develop and formulate the optimum rHDPE/rPP blends for conventional milling operation. This to replace the utilization of an expensive Delrin or steel machining block for teaching and learning purposes in IKTBN Pagoh and IKTBN Sepang, Malaysia. At first, the prime investigation is to evaluate the performance of rHDPE/rPP blends and their correlation between miscibility effects with the resulted mechanical properties of hybrids at various blends ratio. The rHDPE/rPP blends are produced by crushing both rHDPE and rPP materials, followed by secondary mixing via an extrusion process, as to ensure well-mixing of rHDPE/rPP hybrid at their respective formulation ratio. Different ratio of rHDPE/rPP (0/100 wt.%, 30/70 wt.%, 50/50 wt.%, 70/30 wt.%, 100/0 wt.%) are used to investigate the effects of materials phases towards the resulted mechanical, thermal and physical properties of rHDPE/rPP blends. Later, the fracture surface morphology of the selected rHDPE/rPP m blend samples are analysed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation. In addition, the melting temperatures (Tm) of rHDPE/rPP samples are measured by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) technique for miscibility evaluation through thermal route. At the end of this study, rHDPE/rPP blend with higher strength and thermal performances is proposed for substituting the Delrin material for machining application. It was found that the 70/30 wt.% of rHDPE/rPP was significantly possessed outstanding mechanical and physical characteristic in terms of their tensile, elongation at break and the hardness behaviour, as well as better thermal properties improvement. The 70/30 of rHDPE/rPP blend has yielded an extraordinary improvement at about 59.8% in their tensile strength, 473% of elongation at break and 2.3% of the hardness improvements. It was also found that there are two Tm peaks appeared in the total heat flow curve for all formulated blends which indicates the immiscible nature of produced blends. The range of Tm was found gradually decreased when the portion of rHDPE phase is increased up to 100 wt.%. At the end, this research has significantly important to be carried out as to provide another alternative candidate for cost saving machining materials in teaching and learning purposes. This new candidates of rHDPE/rPP blend material produced from recycled IM by-product are also environmental friendly and will not cause pollution or any harm toward the environment. 2017 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23971/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23971/1/rHDPE-rPP%20Hybrid%20Blends%20From%20Injection%20Molding%20Scrap%20%3B%20Characterization%20For%20Conventional%20Milling%20Workpiece%20Application.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23971/2/rHDPE-rPP%20Hybrid%20Blends%20From%20Injection%20Molding%20Scrap%20%3B%20Characterization%20For%20Conventional%20Milling%20Workpiece%20Application.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=114780 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering 1. Abd, F., Hamim, R., Ghani, S. A. and Zainudin, F., 2016. Properties of Recycled High Density Polyethylene ( RHDPE )/ Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ( EVA ) Blends : The Effect of Blends Composition and Compatibilisers, 27(2), pp. 23.39. doi: 10.21315/jps2016.27.2.3. 2. Achilias, D. S., Roupakias, C., Megalokonomos, P., Lappas, A. A. and Antonakou, E. V., 2007. Chemical recycling of plastic wastes made from polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) and polypropylene (PP), 149, pp. 536.542. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.076. 3. Al-salem, S. M., Antelava, A., Constantinou, A., Manos, G. and Dutta, A., 2017. A review on thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic solid waste, Journal of Environmental Management. Elsevier Ltd, 197(1408), pp. 177.198. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.084. 4. Al-Salem, S.M., Lettieri, P. and Baeyens, J., 2009. Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review. Waste Management, 29(10), pp.2625.2643. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.06.004. 5. Aramcharoen, A., Sean, S.K.C. and Liu, K., 2012. Micro milling for polymer materials used in prototyping of microfluidic chip application. Advanced Materials Research, 565: 552.557. 6. Atikah, M. A.A.S., Salmah, H., Firuz, Z. and Lan, D.N.U., 2014 The Effect Of Blend Ratio On Properties Of Recycled Polypropylene / Recycled High Density Polyethylene Geo- Composites. , 18(2), pp.344.350. 7. Asad, A.B., Masaki, T., Rahman, M., Lim, H.S. and Wong, Y.S., 2007. Tool-based micro-machining. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 192.193: 204.211. 8. Aurich, J.C., Dornfeld, D., Arrazola, P.J., Franke, V., Leitz, L. and Min, S., 2009. Burrs-analysis, control and removal. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 58(2): 519.542. 9. Bajracharya, R.M., Manalo, A.C., Karunasena, W. and Lau, K.T., 2016. Characterisation of recycled mixed plastic solid wastes: Coupon and full-scale investigation. Waste management, 48, pp.72-80. 10. Bak.a, T., Kroupa, T., Hanzl, P. and Zetek, M., 2015. Durability of cutting tools during machining of very hard and solid materials. Procedia Engineering, 100, pp.1414-1423. 11. Bartlett, D.W., Dias, P., Lin, Y.J., Poon, B., Chen, H.Y., Hiltner, A. and Baer, E., 2008. Adhesion of statistical and blocky ethylene.octene copolymers to polypropylene. Polymer, 49(12), pp.2937-2946. 12. Beake, B.D., Ning, L., Gey, C., Veldhuis, S.C., Komarov, A., Weaver, A., Khanna, M. and Fox-Rabinovich, G.S., 2015. Wear performance of different PVD coatings during hard wet end milling of H13 tool steel. Surface and Coatings Technology, 279, pp.118-125. 13. Bernardo, C.A., Simoes, C.L. and Pinto, L.M.C., 2016, October. Environmental and economic life cycle analysis of plastic waste management options. A review. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1779, No. 1, p. 140001). AIP Publishing. 14. Ben, A., 2003., Thermomechanical Effect Mechanisms And Chip Formation At High Speed Cutting. Dr.-Ing. Diss., University of Hannover, Hannover. 15. Bonelli, C., Martins, A.F., Mano, E.B. and Beatty, C.L., 2001. Effect of recycled polypropylene on polypropylene/high]density polyethylene blends. Journal of applied polymer science, 80(8), pp.1305-1311. 16. Chern, G. L., 2006. Experimental observation and analysis of burr formation mechanisms in face milling of aluminum alloys. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 46(12.13): 1517.1525. 17. Chiu, F.C., Yen, H.Z. and Chen, C.C., 2010. Phase morphology and physical properties of PP/HDPE/organoclay (nano) composites with and without a maleated EPDM as a compatibilizer. Polymer Testing, 29(6), pp.706.716. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.05.013. 18. Dang, X.P., 2014. General frameworks for optimization of plastic injection molding process parameters. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 41, pp.15.27. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2013.11.003. 19. Dikobe, D. and Luyt, A., 2017a. Thermal and mechanical properties of PP/EVA/WP and MAPP/EVA/WP polymer blend composites. Thermochimica Acta. Available at: http://www.escm.eu.org/docs/eccm13/0241.pdf. 20. Dikobe, D. and Luyt, A., 2017b. Thermal and mechanical properties of PP/EVA/WP and MAPP/EVA/WP polymer blend composites. Thermochimica Acta. 21. Eagan, J.M., Xu, J., Di Girolamo, R., Thurber, C.M., Macosko, C.W., LaPointe, A.M., Bates, F.S. and Coates, G.W., 2017. Combining polyethylene and polypropylene: Enhanced performance with PE/iPP multiblock polymers. Science, 355(6327), pp.814-816. 22. Ervine, P., Of Donnell, G.E. and Walsh, B., 2015. Fundamental investigations into burr formation and damage mechanisms in the micro-milling of a biomedical grade polymer. Machining Science and Technology, 19(1), pp.112-133. 23. Faraz, A., Biermann, D. and Weinert, K., 2009. Cutting edge rounding: An innovative tool wear criterion in drilling CFRP composite laminates. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 49(15), pp.1185-1196. 24. Feng, K., Jun, N. and Stephenson, D. A., 2005. Continuous chip formation in drilling, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 45 : 1652 1658. 25. Gu, J., Xu, H. and Wu, C., 2013. The effect of PP and peroxide on the properties and morphology of HDPE and HDPE/PP blends. Advances in Polymer Technology, 32(1), pp.1.9. 26. Gu, L. and Ozbakkaloglu, T., 2016. Use of recycled plastics in concrete: A critical review. Waste Management, 51, pp.19-42. 27. Iwata, T., 2015. Biodegradable and bio-based polymers: Future prospects of eco-friendly plastics. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 54(11), pp.3210.3215. 28. Kalpakjian and Schmid, 2001. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology. 29. Kamil, S., Do.an, F., .irin, M. and Be.ergil, B., 2017. Mechanical and thermal properties of Polypropylene (iPP)-High density polyethylene (HDPE) binary blends. Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), pp.15-23. 30. Lauderbaugh, L.K. 2009. Analysis of the effects of process parameters on exit burrs in drilling using a combined simulation and experimental approach. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209(4): 1909.1919. 31. Laura, M.M., Cremiato, R., Zaccariello, L. and Lotito, R., 2017. Evaluation of performance indicators applied to a material recovery facility fed by mixed packaging waste. Waste Management, 64, pp.3-11. 32. Lee, K. and Dornfeld, D.A., 2005. Micro-burr formation and minimization through process control. Precision Engineering, 29(2), pp.246-252. 33. Li, J., Shanks, R.A., Olley, R.H. and Greenway, G.R., 2001. Miscibility and isothermal crystallisation of polypropylene in polyethylene melts. Polymer, 42(18), pp.7685-7694. 34. Li, J.U.N., Shanks, R.A. and Long, Y.U., 2000. Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Polyethylene . Polypropylene Blends with Controlled Thermal History. , pp.1151.1164. 35. Lin, J.H., Pan, Y.J., Liu, C.F., Huang, C.L., Hsieh, C.T., Chen, C.K., Lin, Z.I. and Lou, C.W., 2015. Preparation and compatibility evaluation of polypropylene/high density polyethylene polyblends. Materials, 8(12), pp.8850-8859. 36. Lopresto, V., Caggiano, A. and Teti, R., 2016. High Performance Cutting of Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composite Materials. Procedia CIRP, 46, pp.71.82. 37. Madi, N.K., 2013. Thermal and mechanical properties of injection molded recycled high density polyethylene blends with virgin isotactic polypropylene. Materials and Design, 46, pp.435.441. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.10.004. 38. Moayyedian, M., Abhary, K. and Marian, R., 2015. New Design Feature of Mold in Injection Molding For Scrap Reduction. Procedia Manufacturing, 2(February), pp.241.245. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.042. 39. Mohamed, S.B., Mohamad, W.N.F., Muhamad, M., Ismail, J., Yew, B.S., Mohd, A., Ibrahim, Z. and Musanih, M.R., 2016. The Effects of Cutting Parameters on Surface Texture of Hybrid Composite CFRP/AL2024. In Materials Science Forum (Vol. 863, pp. 111-115). Trans Tech Publications. 40. Montes, P., Rafiq, Y.A. and Hill, M.J., 1998. A study of blends of isotactic polypropylene with high density polyethylene by transmission electron microscopy. Polymer, 39(25), pp.6669-6672. 41. Najafi, S.K., Hamidinia, E. and Tajvidi, M., 2006. Mechanical properties of composites from sawdust and recycled plastics. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 100(5), pp.3641-3645. 42. Pol, V.G. and Thiyagarajan, P., 2010. Remediating plastic waste into carbon nanotubes. Journal of environmental monitoring, 12(2), pp.455-459 43. Ronkay, F., 2013. Effect of Recycling on the Rheological , Mechanical and Optical Properties of Polycarbonate. , 10(1), pp.209.220. 44. Salih, S.E., Hamood, A.F. and Alsabih, A.H., 2013. Comparison of the characteristics of LDPE: PP and HDPE: PP polymer blends. Modern Applied Science, 7(3), p.33. 45. Shaban, A.A.H., 2014. Study on compatibility of recycled polypropylene / high- density polyethylene blends using rheology. , pp.2335.2352. 46. Shanks, R.A., Li, J. and Yu, L., 2000. Polypropylene.polyethylene blend morphology controlled by time.temperature.miscibility. Polymer, 41(6), pp.2133-2139. 47. Singh, N., Hui, D., Singh, R., Ahuja, I.P.S., Feo, L. and Fraternali, F., 2016. Recycling of plastic solid waste: A state of art review and future applications. Composites Part B: Engineering, 115, pp.409-422. 48. Tao, Y., Pan, Y., Zhang, Z. and Mai, K., 2007. Non-isothermal crystallization, melting behavior and polymorphism of polypropylene in ƒÀ-nucleated polypropylene/recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) blends. European Polymer Journal, 44(4), pp.1165-1174. 49. Tolinski, M., 2011. Plastics and sustainability: towards a peaceful coexistence between bio-based and fossil fuel-based plastics. John Wiley & Sons. 50. Verdolotti, L., Iucolano, F., Capasso, I., Lavorgna, M., Iannace, S. and Liguori, B., 2014. Recycling and recovery of PE]PP]PET]based fiber polymeric wastes as aggregate replacement in lightweight mortar: Evaluation of environmental friendly application. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 33(4), pp.1445-1451. 51. Vijay C., John S.K.,Thomas J., George J.N. 2013). Worlds First Thermoplastic Bridges. Parsons Brinckerhoff Inc. New York. 52. Zhu, Z., Sun, J., Li, J. and Huang, P., 2016. Investigation on the influence of tool wear upon chip morphology in end milling titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 83(9-12), pp.1477-1485.

Similar Items