Electroless Nickel Deposition On Surface Activated Kenaf Fiber

Electroless deposition on natural fibers is one of the modification methods in improving the properties of the fibers thus increasing its specific strength, electrical and electromagnetic properties. The utilization of natural fibers in polymer composite can reduce dependency on those synthetic type...

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Main Author:	Mat Yaacob, Mohd Noor Alhadi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23974/1/Electroless%20Nickel%20Deposition%20On%20Surface%20Activated%20Kenaf%20Fiber.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23974/2/Electroless%20Nickel%20Deposition%20On%20Surface%20Activated%20Kenaf%20Fiber.pdf
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id	my-utem-ep.23974
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection	UTeM Repository
language	English English
advisor	Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Zaimi
topic	T Technology (General) T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) T Technology (General) Mat Yaacob, Mohd Noor Alhadi Electroless Nickel Deposition On Surface Activated Kenaf Fiber
description	Electroless deposition on natural fibers is one of the modification methods in improving the properties of the fibers thus increasing its specific strength, electrical and electromagnetic properties. The utilization of natural fibers in polymer composite can reduce dependency on those synthetic type. In addition, the source of natural fibers are abundant and most importantly renewable and cheap. With proper surface modification, the drawbacks of the natural fibers such as high moisture absorption and poor surface interaction with the matrix is expected to be improved. In this study, kenaf fiber was used, it was firstly undergo alkaline treatment before being activated in deep eutectic solvent (DESs). After heat treatment the surface activated kenaf will be deposited with Ni alloy in a plating bath. The coated kenaf fiber will be finally made into polymer metal composites using epoxy resin as the matrix. The flexural and impact properties has increased with the deposition of Ni. However, the prolonged soaking and higher alkaline concentration damaged the fiber structure and decreased both flexural and hardness value. The scanning electron microscopic was also done to analyze the surface morphology and Ni was observed presence into the composite. The X-ray diffraction analysis in addition, also detected the Ni presence in the crystalline region.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mat Yaacob, Mohd Noor Alhadi
author_facet	Mat Yaacob, Mohd Noor Alhadi
author_sort	Mat Yaacob, Mohd Noor Alhadi
title	Electroless Nickel Deposition On Surface Activated Kenaf Fiber
title_short	Electroless Nickel Deposition On Surface Activated Kenaf Fiber
title_full	Electroless Nickel Deposition On Surface Activated Kenaf Fiber
title_fullStr	Electroless Nickel Deposition On Surface Activated Kenaf Fiber
title_full_unstemmed	Electroless Nickel Deposition On Surface Activated Kenaf Fiber
title_sort	electroless nickel deposition on surface activated kenaf fiber
granting_institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department	Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23974/1/Electroless%20Nickel%20Deposition%20On%20Surface%20Activated%20Kenaf%20Fiber.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23974/2/Electroless%20Nickel%20Deposition%20On%20Surface%20Activated%20Kenaf%20Fiber.pdf
_version_	1747834063934193664
spelling	my-utem-ep.239742022-02-16T15:54:58Z Electroless Nickel Deposition On Surface Activated Kenaf Fiber 2018 Mat Yaacob, Mohd Noor Alhadi T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Electroless deposition on natural fibers is one of the modification methods in improving the properties of the fibers thus increasing its specific strength, electrical and electromagnetic properties. The utilization of natural fibers in polymer composite can reduce dependency on those synthetic type. In addition, the source of natural fibers are abundant and most importantly renewable and cheap. With proper surface modification, the drawbacks of the natural fibers such as high moisture absorption and poor surface interaction with the matrix is expected to be improved. In this study, kenaf fiber was used, it was firstly undergo alkaline treatment before being activated in deep eutectic solvent (DESs). After heat treatment the surface activated kenaf will be deposited with Ni alloy in a plating bath. The coated kenaf fiber will be finally made into polymer metal composites using epoxy resin as the matrix. The flexural and impact properties has increased with the deposition of Ni. However, the prolonged soaking and higher alkaline concentration damaged the fiber structure and decreased both flexural and hardness value. The scanning electron microscopic was also done to analyze the surface morphology and Ni was observed presence into the composite. The X-ray diffraction analysis in addition, also detected the Ni presence in the crystalline region. 2018 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23974/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23974/1/Electroless%20Nickel%20Deposition%20On%20Surface%20Activated%20Kenaf%20Fiber.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/23974/2/Electroless%20Nickel%20Deposition%20On%20Surface%20Activated%20Kenaf%20Fiber.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=114785 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Zaimi 1. A. Brenner and G. Riddel. (1946). Journal of Research of the National Bureau and Standard. 37-31. 2. Abdul Rahman Khan. (2011). Kenaf, a fiber for the future: the Harumas experience. Published on www.jeccomposites.com. (Accessed on 28th May 2017). 3. Agarwala, R. and Agarwala, V. (2003). Electroless alloy/composite coatings: A review. Sandhana. 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Surface modification of natural fibers: a review. International Symposium on "Novel Structural Skins: Improving sustainability and efficiency through new structural textile materials and designs". Procedia Engineering:Volume 155, Pages 285-288. 14. K. Krishnaveni, T. Sankara Naranayan and S. Seshadri. (2005). Electroless Ni-B coatings: preparation and evaluation of hardness and wear resistance. Surface and Coatings Technology: Volume 190. Pg 115-121. 15. K. Parker. (1981). Effects of heat treatment on the properties of electroless nickel deposits. Plating and Surface Finishing. Vol 68. Pg 71-77. 16. K. Stallman and H. Speckhardt. (1981) Mettaloverfl. Elektrochem. Vol 35. Pg 979. 17. Keong, K.G. and Sha, W. (2002). Crystallization and phase transformation behaviour of electroless nickel – phosphorous deposits and their properties. Surface Engineering. Vol 18. Pg 329-343. 18. Keong, K.G., Sha, W. and Malinov, S. (2003). 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Mansour Rokbi, Hocine Osmani, Abdellatif Imad, Noureddine Benseddiq. (2011). Effect of Chemical treatment on Flexure Properties of Natural Fiber-reinforced Polyester Composite. Procedia Engineering 10 2092–2097. 24. Marion Pommet, Julasak Juntaro, Jerry Y. Y. Heng, Athanasios Mantalaris, Adam F. Lee, Karen Wilson, Gerhard Kalinka, Milo S. P. Shaffer and Alexander Bismarck, (2008). Surface Modification of Natural Fibers Using Bacteria: Depositing Bacterial Cellulose onto Natural Fibers To Create Hierarchical Fiber Reinforced Nanocomposites. American Chemical Society. 25. Moderchay Schelesinger. (2010). Electroless Deposition of Nickel. Modern Electroplating, Fifth edition, John Wiley & Sons. 26. Ogbonnaya, C.I., Roy-Macauley, H., Nwalozie, M.C., Annerose, D.J.M., 1997. Physical and histochemical properties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) grown under water deficit on a sandy soil. Ind. Crops Prod. 7, 9–18. 27. R. Hemachandran, M. Pugazhvadivu and S. Jayabal. (2017) Development of electroless Ni-P coatings on sisal fiber. Journal of Fibers & Textile in Eastern Europe. Vol 25. Pg 32-35. 28. Ron Parkinson. (2001). Properties and application of electroless nickel. Nickel Development Institute, June 2011. 29. Schlesinger, M. and Paunovic, M. (2010). Modern electroplating. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. 30. Sudagar, J., Lian, J., & Sha, W. (2013). Electroless nickel, alloy, composite and nano coatings – A critical review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 571, 183–204. 31. Y. Cao, S. Shibata, I. Fukumoto. (2006). Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites reinforced with bagasse fibre before and after alkali treatments. Composite Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 423-429. 32. Yakubu Dan-mallam, Tan Wei Hong and Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid. (2015). Mechanical characterization and eater absorption behaviour of interwoven kenaf/PET fiber reinforced epoxy hydbrid composite. International Journal of Polymer Science: Volume 15.

Electroless Nickel Deposition On Surface Activated Kenaf Fiber

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