Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation Using Differential Evolution Technique For Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter

Differential Evolution (DE) has been gaining popularity among researchers as an effective yet simple evolutionary algorithm to solve the optimization problems. This thesis presents an efficient and reliable DE based solution applied to the Harmonics Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (HEPWM) switchi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Kamisman, Norazelina
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24721/1/Harmonic%20Elimination%20Pulse%20Width%20Modulation%20Using%20Differential%20Evolution%20Technique%20For%20Three%20Phase%20Voltage%20Source%20Inverter.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24721/2/Harmonic%20Elimination%20Pulse%20Width%20Modulation%20Using%20Differential%20Evolution%20Technique%20For%20Three%20Phase%20Voltage%20Source%20Inverter.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-utem-ep.24721
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection UTeM Repository
language English
English
advisor Mohamad Razali, Azziddin

topic QA Mathematics
spellingShingle QA Mathematics
Kamisman, Norazelina
Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation Using Differential Evolution Technique For Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
description Differential Evolution (DE) has been gaining popularity among researchers as an effective yet simple evolutionary algorithm to solve the optimization problems. This thesis presents an efficient and reliable DE based solution applied to the Harmonics Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (HEPWM) switching technique for three phase voltage source inverters. The proposed DE algorithm is able to compute optimal switching angles in HEPWM so that the switching scheme is able to eliminate lower order harmonic components of the three-phase inverter output voltage. Performance of the DE algorithm is highly affected by the mutant vector which is generated through a specific mutation process. Explanation of DE algorithm execution is given, and the best approach of mutation strategy selection used in DE has been investigated. Computation of DE algorithm and simulation of voltage source inverter using the calculated switching angles are carried out by using Matlab/Simulink software package. The proposed DE algorithm is also applied to the in-house developed experiment set-up which consists of three-phase inverter, gate driver, DC supply, resistive load and dSPACE software (ControlDesk Next Generation version 4.2.1) and dSPACE DS1104 R&D controller board. It has been confirmed through simulation and experiment that the proposed DE is able to eliminate lower order harmonics components and reduce the total harmonic distortion of three phase inverter output voltage.
format Thesis
qualification_name Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level Master's degree
author Kamisman, Norazelina
author_facet Kamisman, Norazelina
author_sort Kamisman, Norazelina
title Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation Using Differential Evolution Technique For Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
title_short Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation Using Differential Evolution Technique For Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
title_full Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation Using Differential Evolution Technique For Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
title_fullStr Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation Using Differential Evolution Technique For Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
title_full_unstemmed Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation Using Differential Evolution Technique For Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter
title_sort harmonic elimination pulse width modulation using differential evolution technique for three phase voltage source inverter
granting_institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department Faculty of Electrical Engineering
publishDate 2018
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24721/1/Harmonic%20Elimination%20Pulse%20Width%20Modulation%20Using%20Differential%20Evolution%20Technique%20For%20Three%20Phase%20Voltage%20Source%20Inverter.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24721/2/Harmonic%20Elimination%20Pulse%20Width%20Modulation%20Using%20Differential%20Evolution%20Technique%20For%20Three%20Phase%20Voltage%20Source%20Inverter.pdf
_version_ 1747834095527788544
spelling my-utem-ep.247212021-10-05T12:35:35Z Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation Using Differential Evolution Technique For Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter 2018 Kamisman, Norazelina QA Mathematics Differential Evolution (DE) has been gaining popularity among researchers as an effective yet simple evolutionary algorithm to solve the optimization problems. This thesis presents an efficient and reliable DE based solution applied to the Harmonics Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (HEPWM) switching technique for three phase voltage source inverters. The proposed DE algorithm is able to compute optimal switching angles in HEPWM so that the switching scheme is able to eliminate lower order harmonic components of the three-phase inverter output voltage. Performance of the DE algorithm is highly affected by the mutant vector which is generated through a specific mutation process. Explanation of DE algorithm execution is given, and the best approach of mutation strategy selection used in DE has been investigated. Computation of DE algorithm and simulation of voltage source inverter using the calculated switching angles are carried out by using Matlab/Simulink software package. The proposed DE algorithm is also applied to the in-house developed experiment set-up which consists of three-phase inverter, gate driver, DC supply, resistive load and dSPACE software (ControlDesk Next Generation version 4.2.1) and dSPACE DS1104 R&D controller board. It has been confirmed through simulation and experiment that the proposed DE is able to eliminate lower order harmonics components and reduce the total harmonic distortion of three phase inverter output voltage. 2018 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24721/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24721/1/Harmonic%20Elimination%20Pulse%20Width%20Modulation%20Using%20Differential%20Evolution%20Technique%20For%20Three%20Phase%20Voltage%20Source%20Inverter.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24721/2/Harmonic%20Elimination%20Pulse%20Width%20Modulation%20Using%20Differential%20Evolution%20Technique%20For%20Three%20Phase%20Voltage%20Source%20Inverter.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=116888 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mohamad Razali, Azziddin 1. Agelidis, V. G., Balouktsis, A. & Balouktsis, I. 2004. On applying a minimization technique to the harmonic elimination PWM control: The bipolar waveform. IEEE Power Electronics Letters, 2, pp. 41-44. 2. Agelidis, V. G., Balouktsis, A. I. & Cossar, C. 2008 On Attaining the Multiple Solutions of Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM Three-Level Waveforms Through Function Minimization. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 55(3): pp. 996-1004. 3. Agelidis, V. G., Balouktsis, A., Balouktsis, I. & Cossar, C. 2006. Multiple sets of solutions for harmonic elimination PWM bipolar waveforms: Analysis and experimental verification. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 21, pp. 415-421. 4. Ahmad A.N. and Yatim A.H.M. 2001, A DSP-based online optimal pulse width modulation (PWM) switching strategies for a Modular Structured Multilevel (MSM) inverter, Proc. IEEE signal Processing and its Applications (ISSPA) Sym., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 623-626. 5. Ahmad A.N. and Yatim A.H.M. 2001, Optimal pulse width modulation (PWM) online control of a modular structured multilevel inverter (MSMI), Proc. IEEE Power Electronics and Drives Systems (PEDS) Conf., Bali, Indonesia, Vol.2, pp. 598-604. 6. Ahmad A.N. and Yatim A.H.M. 2002, A curve fitting technique (CFT) for optimal PWM online control of a modular structured multilevel inverter (MSMI), in Proc. The Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Melbourne, Australia. 7. Ali I.M., Neo T.G. and Rahman M.A. 2001, An Online Optimal Approach to PWM-SHE Gating Signal Generation, IEEE Power Engineering Review, Vol.21, No.3, pp. 61-62. 8. Ali M.E. 2007, Harmonics reduction of three-phase boost rectifier by modulating duty ratio, Proc. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.77, pp. 1425-1431. 9. Ali M.E. 2008, A Modified Harmonics Reduction Technique for a Three-Phase Controlled Converter, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, Vol.55, No.3, pp. 1190-1197. 10. Al-Othman A.K., Nabil A.A, Al-Kandari A.M. and Ebraheem H.K. 2007, Selective harmonic Elimination of PWM AC/AC controller using hybrid RGA-PS Approach, Proc. Of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology Conf., Berlin, Germany, Vol.23, pp. 140-146. 11. Ambro S., Jan S. and Tomas L. 2003, Power-electronic solutions to power quality problems, Proc. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.66, pp. 71-82. 12. Amjad, A. M., Salam, Z. & Saif, A. M. A. 2015 Application of differential evolution for cascaded multilevel VSI with harmonics elimination PWM switching. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 64(0): pp. 447-456. 13. Andrzej M.T. and Stanislaw L. 1992, Application of neural networks to the optimal control of three phase voltage-controlled power converters, Proc. IEEE Industrial Electronics, Control, Instrumentation and Automation Conf., Vol.1, San Diego, USA, pp. 524-529. 14. Antonio Cataliotti, Fabio Genduso, Angelo Raciti and Giuseppe Ricco 2007 Generalized PWM–VSI Control Algorithm Based on a Universal Duty-Cycle Expression: Theoretical Analysis, Simulation Results, and Experimental Validations, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, Vol.54, No.3, pp. 1569-1580. 15. Ao, Y. & Chi, H. 2009 Experimental Study on Differential Evolution Strategies. In 2009 WRI Global Congress on Intelligent Systems.), vol. 2, pp. 19-24. 16. Asumadu J.A. and Hoft R.G. 1989, Microprocessor based sinusoidal waveform synthesis using Walsh and related orthogonal functions, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, Vol.4, No.2, pp. 234-241. 17. Azli N.A. and Baskar M.S. 2004, A DSP-based Regular Sampled Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Technique for a Multilevel Inverter, Proc. IEEE Power System Technology Conf. (POWERCON), Singapore, pp. 1613-1618. 18. Azli, N. A. & Yatim, A. H. M. 2001 A DSP-based online optimal pulsewidth modulation (PWM) switching strategies for a modular structured multilevel (MSM) inverter. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications, vol. 2, pp. 623-626 vol.2. 19. Azli, N. A. & Yatim, A. H. M. 2001 Optimal pulsewidth modulation (PWM) online control of a modular structured multilevel inverter (MSMI). In 4th IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems. IEEE PEDS 2001 - Indonesia. Proceedings, vol. 2, pp. 598-604 vol.2. 20. Bahari, N., Salam, Z. & Taufik 2010 Application of Differential Evolution to determine the HEPWM angles of a three-phase voltage source inverter. In IECON 2010 - 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.), pp. 2683-2688. 21. Benghanem M. and Draou A. 2005, A New Harmonics Elimination Method Applied to a Static VAR Compensator Using a Three Level Inverter, Leonardo Journal of Sciences, Vol.4, No.6, pp. 1-16. 22. Bennett P.C., Darley V. and Abbott S.M. 1997, The effect of harmonic distortion on equipments, IEEE colloquium on sources and effects of Harmonic distortion in power systems, No.5, pp. 1-18. 23. Bhattacharya S., Frank T.M., Diven D.M. and Banerjee B. 1998, Active filter system implementation, IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, Vol.4, No. 5, pp. 47-63. 24. Bhim Singh, Kamal Al-Haddad and Ambrish Chandra 1998, Harmonic elimination, reactive power compensation and load balancing in three-phase, four-wire electric distribution systems supplying non-linear loads, Proc. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.44, pp. 93-100. 25. Blasko, V. 2007 A Novel Method for Selective Harmonic Elimination in Power Electronic Equipment. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 22(1): pp. 223-228. 26. Boglietti A., Griva G., Pastorelli M., Profumo F. and Adam T. 1995, Different PWM modulation technique indexes performance evaluation, IEEE Int. Symp. on Industrial Electronics, pp. 193-199. 27. Bollen M.H.J. 2003, What is power quality? Proc. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.66, pp. 5-14. 28. Bor-Ren Lin, Bor-Ren Yang and Hui-Ru Tsai 2002, Analysis and operation of hybrid active filter for harmonic elimination, Proc. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.62, pp. 191-200. 29. Bose, B. K. 2010 Power Electronics and Motor Drives: Advances and Trends. Elsevier Science. 30. Bouhali O., Berkouk M., Francois B., Saudemont C. and Labiod S. 2005, Solving Harmonics Elimination problem in three-phase voltage-controlled inverter using Artificial Neural Networks, Proc. Journal of Electrical Systems, Vol.1, No.1, pp. 39-51. 31. Bowes S.R. and Grewal S. 1999, Novel Harmonic Elimination PWM control strategies for three-phase PWM inverters using space vector techniques, IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications, Vol.146, No.5, pp. 495-514. 32. Braysy O. 2003, A reactive variable neighbourhood search for vehicle routing problem with time windows, INFORMS, Journal of Computing, Vol.15, No.4, pp. 347-368. 33. Brozek J.P. 1990, The effects of harmonics on over current protection devices, IEEE Industry applications Society Annual Meeting, Vol.2, pp. 1965-1967. 34. Burak O., Leon M.L. and John N.C. 2005, Harmonic Optimization of Multilevel Converters Using Genetic Algorithms, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics Letters, Vol.3, No.3, pp. 92-95. 35. Chen J.W. and Liang T.J. 1997, A Novel Algorithm in Solving Non-linear Equations for Programmed PWM Inverter to Eliminate Harmonics, Proc. IEEE Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation (IECON) Conf., Vol.2, New Orleans, USA, pp. 698-703. 36. Chisasson N.J., Leon M.T., Keith J. M. and Zhong D., 2004, A Complete solution to the harmonic elimination problem, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, Vol.19, No.12, pp. 491-499. 37. Choudhury B.H. 2001, Power quality, IEEE Potentials, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 5-11. 38. Chunfang Z., Bo Z. and Dongyuan Q. 2005, Solving Switching Angles for the Inverter's Selected Harmonic Elimination Technique with Walsh Function, Proc. IEEE Electrical Machines and Systems Conf., Vol.2, Nanjing, China, pp. 1366-1370. 39. Chunhui W., Qirong J. and Chunpeng Z. 2005, An Optimization Method for Three-level Selective Harmonic Eliminated Pulse Width Modulation (SHEPWM), Proc. IEEE Electrical Machines and Systems Conf., Vol.2, Nanjing, China, pp. 1346-1350. 40. Dahidah M.S.A. and Agelidis V.G. 2005, A hybrid Genetic Algorithms for selective harmonic elimination control of a multilevel with non-equal dc sources, Proc. 6th IEEE Power Electron. Drives. Syst.Conf., Kuala lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 1205-1210. 41. Dariusz C., David V.C., Gregory V. C. and Ivan W.S. 2002, Solving the optimal PWM problem for single phase inverter, IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I, Vol.49, No.4, pp. 465-475. 42. Das J.C. 2004, Passive filters-potentialities and limitations, IEEE Trans. on Industrial Applications, Vol.40, No.1, pp. 232-241. 43. Debnath, S. & Ray, R. N. 2012 Harmonic elimination in multilevel inverter using GA and PSO: A comparison. In Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS), 2012 IEEE Students' Conference on.), pp. 1-5. 44. Domijan A. and Embriz-Santander E. 1990, Harmonic mitigation techniques for the improvement of power quality of adjustable speed drives (ASDs), Conference proceedings of the 5th Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC’90, pp. 96-105. 45. Eltamaly, A. M. 2008 A Modified Harmonics Reduction Technique for a Three-Phase Controlled Converter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 55(3): pp. 1190-1197. 46. Enjeti, P. & Lindsay, J. F. 1987 Solving nonlinear equations of harmonic elimination PWM in power control. Electronics Letters 23(12): pp. 656-657. 47. Enjeti, P. N., Ziogas, P. D. & Lindsay, J. F. 1990. Programmed PWM techniques to eliminate harmonics: A critical evaluation. IEEE transactions on Industry Applications, 26, pp. 302-316. 48. Finlay G.S. 1991, IEC 555 part 2 – Harmonics: background and implications, IEE Colloquium on single phase supplies: Harmonic regulations and remedies, No.2, pp. 1-9. 49. Fogel, L. J., Owens, A. J. & Walsh, M. J. 1966. Artificial intelligence through simulated evolution. 50. Fortune S. 2002, An iterated reign value algorithm for approximation roots of univariate polynomials, J. Symb. Comput., Vol.33, No.5, pp. 627-646. 51. Frenzel J.F. 1993, Genetic Algorithms, IEEE Potentials, Vo.12, No.3, pp. 21-24. 52. George J.W. 2003, Review Harmonics in rotating machines, Proc. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.66, pp. 31-37. 53. Glover F. 1989, Tabu Search-Part-I, ORSA Journal of Computing, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 190-206. 54. Glover F. 1990, Tabu Search-Part-II, ORSA Journal of Computing, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 4-32. 55. Glover, J. D., Sarma, M. S. & Overbye, T. 2012 Power System Analysis & Design, SI Version. Cengage Learning. 56. Guzman I.J., Jose R. E. and Marcelo A.P. 2004, Optimized use of Selective Harmonic Elimination techniques for three phase AC/DC converters for high power applications, Proc. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Conf. Busan, Korea, pp. 2696-2701. 57. Halasz S., Csonka G. and Hassan A.A.M. 1995, Sinusoidal PWM technique with additional zero sequence harmonics, Int. Conf. on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, IECON 94, pp. 85-90. 58. Han H., Shiyan H. and Dariusz C. 2004, Harmonic Elimination for Constrained optimal PWM, Proc. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) Conf., Vol.3, Busan, South Korea, pp. 2702-2705. 59. Han H., Shiyan H. and Dariusz C. 2004a, Solving the Ill-Conditioned Polynomial for the Optimal PWM, Proc. IEEE Harmonics and Quality of Power Conf., New York, USA, pp. 555-558. 60. Hansen P. and Mladenovic N. 1999, An Introduction to Variable Neighbourhood Search, In: Voss, S. et.al. (eds), Meta-heuristics: Advances and Trends in local search Paradigms for optimization, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. pp. 433-458. 61. Hansen P. and Mladenovic N. 2001, Variable Neighbourhood Search: Principles and Applications, European Journal of optimization Research, Vol.130, No.3, pp. 449-467. 62. Hart, D. W. 2011 Power Electronics. Tata McGraw-Hill. 63. Hasanzadeh A., Zolghadri M.R., KaboliSh and Homaifar A. 2003, A Genetic Algorithm Based Programmed PWM Optimum Switching Pattern Calculation, Proc. IEEE Power Electronics and Drives Systems (PEDS) Conf., Singapore, Vol.2, pp. 1081-1085. 64. Hasmukh S. P. and Richard G.H. 1974, Generalized techniques of harmonic elimination and voltage control in thyristor inverters-Part II-Voltage Control Techniques, IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, Vol.1A-10, No.5, pp. 666-673. 65. Hasmukh S.P. and Richard G.H. 1973, Generalized technique of harmonic elimination and voltage control in thyristor inverters: Part I – harmonic elimination, IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, Vol.9, No.3, pp. 310-317. 66. Henderson R.D. and Rose P.J. 1994, Harmonics: The effects on power quality and transformers, IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, Vol.30, No.3, pp. 528-532. 67. Heydt G.T. 1998, Electric Power quality: A tutorial introduction, IEEE Computer Applications in power, Vol.11, No.1, pp. 15-19. 68. Heydt G.T. 2001, Power Quality Engineering, IEEE Power Engineering Review, Vol.21, No.9, pp. 5-7. 69. Hiendro, A. 2011 Multiple switching patterns for SHEPWM inverters using differential evolution algorithms. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 1(2): pp. 94. 70. Holmes D.G. and Lipo T.A. 2003, Pulse Width Modulation for Power Converters: Principles and Practice, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. 71. Hornby, G., Globus, A., Linden, D. & Lohn, J. 2006. Automated antenna design with evolutionary algorithms. Space 2006. 72. Hyo L.L., Gyu H.C. and Sun S.P. 1995, Optimal PWM Design for High Power Three-Level Inverter through Comparative Studies, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 38-47. 73. IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for harmonic control in Electrical Power Systems, IEEE Std. 519, 1992. 74. Irene Yu-Hua G. and Emmanouil S. 2003, Bridge the gap: signal processing for power quality applications, Proc. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.66, pp. 83-96. 75. Jason R.W., Brett M.N., Patrick L.C. and Philip T.K. 2005, Selective Harmonic Control: A General Problem Formulation and Selected Solutions, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, Vol.20, No.6, pp. 1337-1345. 76. Jeyabarathi T., Jayaprakash K., Jeyakumar D.N. and Raghunathan T. 2005, Evolutionary programming techniques for different kinds of economic dispatch problems, Proc. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.73, pp. 169-176. 77. Jian Sun and Horst Grotstollen 1992, Solving Non-linear equations for selective Harmonic elimination PWM using predicted initial values, Proc. IEEE Industrial Electronics, Control, Instrumentation, and Automation Conf., Vol.1, San Diego, USA, pp. 259-264. 78. Joachim Holtz 1992, Pulse width Modulation-A Survey, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, Vol.39, No.5, pp. 410-420. 79. John C., Leon T., Keith M. and Zhong D. 2002, Eliminating Harmonics in a Multilevel Converter using Resultant Theory, Proc. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conf. (PESC), Vol.2, Cairns, Australia, pp. 503-508. 80. John N.C., Leon M.T., Keith J.M. and Zhong D. 2003, A New Approach to Solving the Harmonic Elimination Equations for a Multilevel Converter, Proc. IEEE Industry Applications Society (IAS) Conf. Vol.1, Salt Lake City, USA, pp. 640-647. 81. John N.C., Leon M.T., Keith J.M. and Zhong D. 2004, A unified approach to solving the harmonic elimination equations in multilevel converters, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 478-490. 82. John N.C., Leon M.T., Keith J.M. and Zhong D. 2005, Elimination of Harmonics in a Multilevel Converter using the Theory of Symmetric Polynomials and Resultants, IEEE Trans. Control Systems Technology, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 216-223. 83. Joong-Ho Sung, Sung-Joon cho, Ick Choy and Ju-Yeopchoi 1997, New PWM method for single phase three level PWM rectifiers, Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, ISIE ’97, Vol.2, pp. 283-287. 84. Jose R. E., Geza J., Johan I.G., Luis A.M. and Rolando P.B. 2001, Selective harmonic elimination and current/voltage control in current/voltage source topologies: A unified approach, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, Vol.48, No.1, pp. 71-81. 85. Jurgen K.S. 1992, Switching Frequency Optimal PWM Control of a Three-Level Inverter, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, Vol.7, No.3, pp. 487-496. 86. Jyh-Wei C. 2005, Design of Random Pulse-Width Modulated Inverter with Lower-order Harmonic Elimination, Proc. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) Conf., Bologna, USA, pp. 1088-1092. 87. Kaili Xu, Kala Meah and Sadrul Ula A.H.M. 2007, A novel method for reducing harmonics in series-connected rectifiers, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.78, pp. 1256-1264. 88. Kato T. 1999, Sequential homotopy-based computation of multiple solutions for selected harmonic elimination in PWM inverters, IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems-I, Vol.46, No.5, pp. 586-593. 89. Key T.S. and Lai J.S. 1998, Analysis of harmonic mitigation methods for building using systems, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol.13, No.3, pp. 890-897. 90. Kinattingal S., Krishna J. and Shanavas T.N. 2007, Inverter harmonic elimination through a colony of continuously exploring ants, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, Vol.54, No.5, pp. 2558-2565. 91. Kit Po W. and Jason Y. 1998, Evolutionary Programming based algorithm for environmentally constrained economic dispatch, IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 301-306. 92. Konstantinou, G. S. & Agelidis, V. G. 2010 Bipolar switching waveform: Novel solution sets to the selective harmonic elimination problem. In Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2010 IEEE International Conference on.), pp. 696-701. 93. Lawrance W., Mielezarski W. and, Proc Michalik G. 1996, Application of a new scheme for harmonic current reduction in three-phase bridge rectifier systems. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.36, pp. 123-130. 94. Leon M.T. and Thomas G.H. 1998, Novel multilevel inverter carrier based PWM methods, Proc. IEEE Industry Applications Society (IAS) Conf., St.Louis, Missouri, USA, Vol.2, pp. 1424-1431. 95. Leon T., John C., Keith M. and Zhong D. 2005, Elimination of Harmonics in a Multilevel Converter with Non-Equal DC Sources, IEEE Trans. Industrial Applications, Vol.41, No.1, pp. 75-82. 96. Leopoldo G.F., Javier N., Ramon C.P.G., Jose I.L. and Miguel A.A. 2007, A Flexible Selective Harmonic Mitigation Technique to Meet Grid Codes in Three-Level PWM Converters, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, Vol.54, No.6, pp. 3022-3029. 97. Liang T.J., and Hoft R.G. 1993, Walsh Function Method of Harmonic Elimination, Proc. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), San Diego, USA, pp. 847-853. 98. Liang, T.-J., O'connell, R. M. & Hoft, R. G. 1997. Inverter harmonic reduction using Walsh function harmonic elimination method. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 12, pp. 971-982. 99. Mack G.W. and Santoso S. 2001, Understanding Power system harmonics, IEEE Power Engineering Review, Vol.21, No.11, pp. 8-11. 100. Mahanty R. and Kapoor A.K. 2008, Quasi-passive filter for harmonic filtering, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.78, pp. 1456-1465. 101. Mallipeddi, R., Suganthan, P. N., Pan, Q. K. & Tasgetiren, M. F. 2011 Differential evolution algorithm with ensemble of parameters and mutation strategies. Applied Soft Computing 11(2): pp. 1679-1696. 102. Mantawy A.H., Youssef L.A. and Shokri Z.S. 1999, A new genetic-based tabu search algorithm for unit commitment problem, Proc. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.49, pp. 71-78. 103. Maswood A.I. and Wei S. 2005, Genetic-algorithm-based solution in PWM converter switching, IEE Proc. Electric Power Applications, Vol.152, No.3, pp. 473-478. 104. Maswood A.I., Rashid M.H. and Liu J. 1998, Optimal PWM-SHE switching on NPC inverter: a winning match for high power conversion, Proc. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.48, pp. 19-24. 105. Maswood A.I., Shen Wei and Rahman M.A. 2001, A Flexible Way to Generate PWM-SHE Switching Patterns Using Genetic Algorithm, Proc. IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Vol.2, Anaheim, USA, pp. 1130-1134. 106. Mladenavic.N. and Hansen.P. 1997, Variable Neighbourhood Search, Computers and Operation Research, Vol.24, No.11, pp. 1097-1100. 107. Moeed Amjad, A. & Salam, Z. 2014 A review of soft computing methods for harmonics elimination PWM for inverters in renewable energy conversion systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 33(0): pp. 141-153. 108. Mohaddes M., Gole A.M. and McLaren P.G. 1997, Hardware Implementation of Neural Network Controlled Optimal PWM Inverter Using TMS320C30 Board, Proc. IEEE Communication, Power and Computing Conf., Winnipeg, Canada, pp. 168-173. 109. Mohamed M.A.A., Essam E.E., Ahmed F.Z. and Dina M.K. 2007, Passive harmonic filters design using Fortran Feasible Sequential Quadratic Programming, Proc. Electric Power Systems Research, Vol.77, pp. 540-547. 110. Mohd Rashid, M. I., Hiendro, A. & Anwari, M. 2012 Optimal HE-PWM inverter switching patterns using differential evolution algorithm. In Power and Energy (PECon), 2012 IEEE International Conference on.), pp. 32-37. 111. Moscato, P., Cotta, C. & Mendes, A. 2004. Memetic algorithms. New optimization techniques in engineering. Springer. 112. Nazarzadeh, J., Razzaghi, M. & Nikravesh, K. 1997. Harmonic elimination in pulse-width modulated inverters using piecewise constant orthogonal functions. Electric power systems research, 40, pp. 45-49. 113. Patel, H. S. & Hoft, R. G. 1973. Generalized techniques of harmonic elimination and voltage control in thyristor inverters: Part I--Harmonic Elimination. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, pp. 310-317. 114. Patel, H. S. & Hoft, R. G. 1974. Generalized techniques of harmonic elimination and voltage control in thyristor inverters: part II---voltage control techniques. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, pp. 666-673. 115. Price, K., Storn, R. M. & Lampinen, J. A. 2006. Differential evolution: a practical approach to global optimization, Springer Science & Business Media. 116. Qin, A. K., Huang, V. L. & Suganthan, P. N. 2009 Differential Evolution Algorithm with Strategy Adaptation for Global Numerical Optimization. Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on 13(2): pp. 398-417. 117. Salam, Z. & Bahari, N. 2010 Selective harmonics elimination PWM (SHEPWM) using Differential Evolution approach. In Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES) & 2010 Power India, 2010 Joint International Conference on.), pp. 1-5. 118. Salam, Z. & Majed, A. 2014 Soft computing-based harmonic elimination PWM techniques for multi-level voltage source inverter. In Power and Energy (PECon), 2014 IEEE International Conference on.), pp. 164-170. 119. Storn, R. & Price, K. 1997. Differential evolution–a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces. Journal of global optimization, 11, pp. 341-359. 120. Storn, R. 1996 On the usage of differential evolution for function optimization. In Fuzzy Information Processing Society, 1996. NAFIPS., 1996 Biennial Conference of the North American.), pp. 519-523. 121. Sun, J. & Grotstollen, I. Pulsewidth modulation based on real-time solution of algebraic harmonic elimination equations. Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, 1994. IECON'94., 20th International Conference on, 1994. IEEE, pp. 79-84. 122. Swift, F. & Kamberis, A. 1993. A new Walsh domain technique of harmonic elimination and voltage control in pulse-width modulated inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 8, pp. 170-185. 123. Wu, B. & Narimani, M. 2016 High-Power Converters and AC Drives. Wiley. 124. Zainal, S., Aziz, J. & Ahmed, S. Single carrier PWM scheme for cascaded multilevel voltage source inverter. Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2003. PEDS 2003. The Fifth International Conference on, 2003. IEEE, pp. 406-410. 125. Zheng, C., Zhang, B. & Qiu, D. Solving switching angles for the inverter's selected harmonic elimination technique with Walsh function. Electrical Machines and Systems, 2005. ICEMS 2005. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on, 2005. IEEE, pp. 1366-1370.