Thermal Optimization Of Ice Cream Making Process : Comparison Between R134A And R404A Refrigerants

Thermal Optimization Of Ice Cream Making Process : Comparison Between R134A And R404A Refrigerants

Refrigerant is a medium or working substance in a cooling and refrigeration system that run through all the inner parts of the refrigerator. The use of the right refrigerant in the system is important because it can help to shorten the ice cream processing time and increase the production capacity....

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Main Author: Azmi, Mohd Azreen
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2019
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
TP Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25156/1/Thermal%20Optimization%20Of%20Ice%20Cream%20Making%20Process%20Comparison%20Between%20R134A%20And%20R404A%20Refrigerants.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25156/2/Thermal%20Optimization%20Of%20Ice%20Cream%20Making%20Process%20Comparison%20Between%20R134A%20And%20R404A%20Refrigerants.pdf
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id my-utem-ep.25156
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection UTeM Repository
language English
English
advisor Abd. Rahman, Md Nizam
topic T Technology (General)
TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
TP Chemical technology
Azmi, Mohd Azreen
Thermal Optimization Of Ice Cream Making Process : Comparison Between R134A And R404A Refrigerants
description Refrigerant is a medium or working substance in a cooling and refrigeration system that run through all the inner parts of the refrigerator. The use of the right refrigerant in the system is important because it can help to shorten the ice cream processing time and increase the production capacity. The system optimization will help to ensure the system is working in an optimal condition with minimal energy loss. At the same time the selection of appropriate refrigerant can improve the efficiency of the refrigeration system, hence reduce the power consumption. The objectives of this project are to redesign and fabricate the ice-cream making machine as the test rig of this project and to identify which of the two refrigerants (R134a and R404a) is better in term of cooling rate for ice cream making process. The experiments to compare performance of those refrigerants were conducted using a test rig, design and built using standard refrigeration system components for ice cream machine. The data collected were time taken to reach the ice-cream freezing temperature ( -8° C) and temperature reading during the freezing process for every 10 minutes interval for one hour. The experiments were replicated three times. Performance of the two refrigerants was compared using t-test and paired t-test analysis utilizing Minitab software. The t-test results indicated that statistically refrigerant R404a reached the freezing time in shorter time compared to that of R134a. The paired t-test also indicated that the refrigerant R404a’s temperature readings during the freezing process is statistically lower than that of R134a’s.
format Thesis
qualification_name Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level Master's degree
author Azmi, Mohd Azreen
author_facet Azmi, Mohd Azreen
author_sort Azmi, Mohd Azreen
title Thermal Optimization Of Ice Cream Making Process : Comparison Between R134A And R404A Refrigerants
title_short Thermal Optimization Of Ice Cream Making Process : Comparison Between R134A And R404A Refrigerants
title_full Thermal Optimization Of Ice Cream Making Process : Comparison Between R134A And R404A Refrigerants
title_fullStr Thermal Optimization Of Ice Cream Making Process : Comparison Between R134A And R404A Refrigerants
title_full_unstemmed Thermal Optimization Of Ice Cream Making Process : Comparison Between R134A And R404A Refrigerants
title_sort thermal optimization of ice cream making process : comparison between r134a and r404a refrigerants
granting_institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering
publishDate 2019
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25156/1/Thermal%20Optimization%20Of%20Ice%20Cream%20Making%20Process%20Comparison%20Between%20R134A%20And%20R404A%20Refrigerants.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25156/2/Thermal%20Optimization%20Of%20Ice%20Cream%20Making%20Process%20Comparison%20Between%20R134A%20And%20R404A%20Refrigerants.pdf
_version_ 1747834107558100992
spelling my-utem-ep.251562021-09-29T11:43:12Z Thermal Optimization Of Ice Cream Making Process : Comparison Between R134A And R404A Refrigerants 2019 Azmi, Mohd Azreen T Technology (General) TP Chemical technology Refrigerant is a medium or working substance in a cooling and refrigeration system that run through all the inner parts of the refrigerator. The use of the right refrigerant in the system is important because it can help to shorten the ice cream processing time and increase the production capacity. The system optimization will help to ensure the system is working in an optimal condition with minimal energy loss. At the same time the selection of appropriate refrigerant can improve the efficiency of the refrigeration system, hence reduce the power consumption. The objectives of this project are to redesign and fabricate the ice-cream making machine as the test rig of this project and to identify which of the two refrigerants (R134a and R404a) is better in term of cooling rate for ice cream making process. The experiments to compare performance of those refrigerants were conducted using a test rig, design and built using standard refrigeration system components for ice cream machine. The data collected were time taken to reach the ice-cream freezing temperature ( -8° C) and temperature reading during the freezing process for every 10 minutes interval for one hour. The experiments were replicated three times. Performance of the two refrigerants was compared using t-test and paired t-test analysis utilizing Minitab software. The t-test results indicated that statistically refrigerant R404a reached the freezing time in shorter time compared to that of R134a. The paired t-test also indicated that the refrigerant R404a’s temperature readings during the freezing process is statistically lower than that of R134a’s. 2019 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25156/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25156/1/Thermal%20Optimization%20Of%20Ice%20Cream%20Making%20Process%20Comparison%20Between%20R134A%20And%20R404A%20Refrigerants.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25156/2/Thermal%20Optimization%20Of%20Ice%20Cream%20Making%20Process%20Comparison%20Between%20R134A%20And%20R404A%20Refrigerants.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=117859 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering Abd. Rahman, Md Nizam 1. Adewale, S.G., 2014. Performance Investigation of R134a and R404a in a Heat Pump Water Heating System. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology 2. AHK, 2011. Market Watch 2012 : The Malaysian Food Industry. Malaysia-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry. 3. Arpagaus, C., Javed, A., Schiffmann, J. and Bertsch, S., 2016. Design of Oil-Free Turbocompressors for a Two-Stage Industrial Heat Pump Under Variable Operating Conditions. International Engineering Conference, Purdue 4. Bolaji, B.o.and Huan, Z., 2011. Ozone Depletion and Global Warming : Case for Use of Natural Refrigerant - A Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review. 5. Budiaman, E.R. and Fennema, O., 1987. Linear Rate of Water Crystallization as Influenced by Temperature of Hydrocolloid Suspension. Dept. Of Food Science, University of Winconsin, Madison 6. CANADEAN, 2015. Consumer and Market Insight : Ice Cream Market in Malaysia. Global Data, London 7. Cengel, Y.A. and Boles, M.A., 2015. Thermodynamics : An Engineering Approach. 8th Edition. New York : Mc GrawHill Education. ISBN : 978-0-07-339817-4 8. Danfoss, 2006. Refrigeration – An Introduction to the Basics. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Division, Baltimore 9. Devecioglua, A.G. and Oruc, V., 2015. Characteristics of Some New Generation Refrigerant with Low GWP. 7th International Conference on Applied Energy - ICAE2015 10. Fradette, K., Keselman, H.J., Lix, L., Algina, J. and Wilcox, R., 2003. Conventional and robust Paired and Independent Samples t-Tests : Type I Error and Power Rates. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, Vol 2. 11. Granato, D. and Calado, V.M., (2014). Mathematical and Statistical Methods in Food Science and Technology : 1st Edition. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 12. Jung, D., Lee, Y., Park, B. and Byoungha, K., 2000. A study on the Performance of Multi-Stage Condensation Heat Pump. International Journal of Refrigeration. 528-539 13. Khaliduzzaman, Siddiqui, A.A., Islam, M.M., Easdani, M. and Bhuiyan, M.H.R., 2012. Effect of Honey on Freezing Point and Acceptability of Ice Cream. Bangladesh Research Publications Journal. ISSN : 1998-2003 14. Lommers, C.A., 2002. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Industry Refrigerant Selection Guide - 2013. The Australian Institute of Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Heating Inc. 15. Maat, S.M., 2009. Exploring Engineering Technology Student’s Perception in Learning Statistics using Minitab. Journal of Social Sciences. 16. Maheshwari, M., Shrivastava, G. and Choubey, B., 2013. Study on Refrigeration System Designed for Low Temperature. International Journal of Science and Research Publications, Vol. 2. ISSN 2250-3153 17. MAN, 2017. Efficiency of MAN B&W Two-Stroke Engines For Stationary Application. MAN Diesel and Turbo, MAN Group. 12 18. Maryam, B.P. and Mostafa, M.T., 2011. Application and Functions of Stabilizers in Ice Cream. Food Review International : Taylor & Francis. 19. Matsunaga, K., 2002. Comparison of Environmental Impacts and Physical Properties of Refrigerants. Dept. Of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University 20. Montgomery, D.C., 2015. Design and Analysis of Experiments Response Surface Method and Designs. New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons Inc. 21. Morshedi, A. and Akbarian, M., 2014. Application of Response Surface Methodology : Design of Experiments and Optimization : A Mini Review. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences. ISSN: 2331-6345 22. Murtaza, M.A., Ud Din, G.M., Huma, N., Shabbir, M.A. and Mahmood, M., 2004. Quality Evaluation of Ice Cream Prepared with Different Stabilizers / Emulsifier Blends. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology. 23. Myers, R.H., Montgomery, D.C. and Anderson-Cook, C.M., 2009. Response Surface Methodology : Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiment : 3rd Edition. New York : John Wiley & Sons 24. Myers, R.H., Montgomery, D.C., 2002. Response Surface Methodology : 2nd Edition. New York : John Wiley & Sons 25. Oehlert, G.W., 2000. Design and Analysis of Experiments : Response Surface Design. New York : W.H. Freeman and Company 26. Owlia, M. & Aspinwall, E., 1998. A Framework for Measuring Quality in Engineering Education. Total Quality Management & Business Excellenece. 27. Patel, A.G. and Baenrjee, S., 2017. Variants of Ice Creams and Their Health Effects. MedCrave : MOJ Food Porcessing & Technology. DOI : 10.15406 28. Pavkovic, B., 2013. Refrigerants - Part 1 : Properties and Air-Conditioning Applications. REHVA Journal 29. Pedersen, S.J., Frosch, S., Kulahci, M. and Geoffrey Vining, G., 2015. Design of Experiments for Food Engineering. Soborg : National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark 30. Proust, M., 2010. Design of Experiment Guide. North Carolina : SAS Institute Inc. ISBN : 978-1-60764-597-9 31. Prvan, T., Reid, A. & Petocz, P., 2002. Statictical Labotories using Minitab, SPSS and Excel : A Practical Comparison. Teaching Statistics. 32. Rani, M.F.H., Razlan, Z.M., Shahriman A.B., Yong, C.K., Harun, A., Hashim, M.S.M., Faizi, M.K., Ibrahim, I., Kamarruddin, M.S., Saad, M.A.M., Zunaidi, I.,Wan, W.K. and Desa, H. , 2017. Design of Refrigeration System Using R134a for Macro Compartment. Journal of Physics : Conference Series. 33. Rasch, D., Teuscher, F. and Guiard, V., 2007. How Robust are Test for Two Independent Samples?. Journal of Statistical Planning and Interence 34. Sahin, Y.B., Demirtas, E.A. and Burnak, N., 2016. Mixture Design : A Review of Recent Application in Food Industry. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 297 - 304 35. Sukumar, D., 1980. Out-line of Dairy Technology. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India 36. Thakar S.M., Prajapati, R.P. and Solanki, D.C., 2017. Performance Analysis of a Domestic Refrigerator Using Various Alternative Refrigerant. International Journal of Engineering Development and Research 37. Trgo, C., Koxholt, M. and Kessler, H., 1999. Effect of Freezing Point and Texture Regulating Parameters On the Initial Ice Crystal Growth in Ice Cream. Journal of Dairy Science 38. UNEP, 1987. ‘Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer’ Final Act. New York : United Nations Environmental Programme.Office of Environment, Health and Safety (EH&S)https://ehs.ucsf.edu/refrigerants-ozone-depleting-substances.

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