Chemically Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets-Thermoset Adhesive Through Ultrasonication Assisted Mixing For Natural Rubber Aluminium Bonding

Chemically Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets-Thermoset Adhesive Through Ultrasonication Assisted Mixing For Natural Rubber Aluminium Bonding

Passive engine mount is an integrated system of rubber and metal which help to reduce noise, vibration and harshness to an automotive system. In recent years, there are increasing demands in the use of aluminium alloy (Al alloy) to replace steel in the engine mount components due to their lightweigh...

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Main Author: Mohd Zafri, Mazatul Nadia
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2019
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T Technology (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25162/1/Chemically%20Modified%20Graphene%20Nanoplatelets-Thermoset%20Adhesive%20Through%20Ultrasonication%20Assisted%20Mixing%20For%20Natural%20Rubber%20Aluminium%20Bonding.pdf
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topic T Technology (General)
T Technology (General)
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T Technology (General)
Mohd Zafri, Mazatul Nadia
Chemically Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets-Thermoset Adhesive Through Ultrasonication Assisted Mixing For Natural Rubber Aluminium Bonding
description Passive engine mount is an integrated system of rubber and metal which help to reduce noise, vibration and harshness to an automotive system. In recent years, there are increasing demands in the use of aluminium alloy (Al alloy) to replace steel in the engine mount components due to their lightweight properties. Owing to its high strength and sustainability, natural rubber (NR) is also widely used for the same application. It also own low market price. However, the technology development on rubber to aluminium bonding is still infancy. The existing adhesive used is very expensive due to the utilization of primer and insufficient to provide strength required for the component. Therefore, this study is a preliminary effort to explore the potential of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) filled epoxy as an adhesive to bond natural rubber-aluminium alloy without any utilization of primer. In this study, the effect of treated GNPs loading at 0%, 0.5%, 3%, and 7% wt on the bonding strength of the epoxy/GNPs adhesive to bond NR composites-Al alloy was investigated. Firstly, the GNPs were chemically treated via ultrasonication method prior the addition of epoxy to form the adhesive. Then, the epoxy/GNPs adhesive was applied on the pre-etched aluminium alloy before placing in a mould for vulcanization bonding. The NR composites-Al alloy was bonded with the prepared epoxy/GNPs adhesive under the temperature of 140C, 100 kg/cm2 for 10 minutes using hot press machine. Then, the samples were subjected to peel test using UTM machine at the crosshead speed of 50mm/min in accordance to ASTM D429 at room temperature to determine the bonding strength. The findings were further supported by thermal, structural, compositional and morphological analyses using Different Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The epoxy/GNPs adhesive is proven to improve the bonding strength between NR composites-Al alloy for up to 200% compared to the control sample (epoxy without treated GNPs). The highest bonding strength was observed in epoxy/3-GNPs for the value of 44 N compared to 16 N for the control sample. This is due to the uniform distribution of GNPs and good interaction between epoxy/GNPs with the Al alloy surface. This finding is significant for the engine mount manufacturer to improve their current technology or existing recipe for the rubber-aluminium bonding in their product manufacturing.
format Thesis
qualification_name Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level Master's degree
author Mohd Zafri, Mazatul Nadia
author_facet Mohd Zafri, Mazatul Nadia
author_sort Mohd Zafri, Mazatul Nadia
title Chemically Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets-Thermoset Adhesive Through Ultrasonication Assisted Mixing For Natural Rubber Aluminium Bonding
title_short Chemically Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets-Thermoset Adhesive Through Ultrasonication Assisted Mixing For Natural Rubber Aluminium Bonding
title_full Chemically Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets-Thermoset Adhesive Through Ultrasonication Assisted Mixing For Natural Rubber Aluminium Bonding
title_fullStr Chemically Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets-Thermoset Adhesive Through Ultrasonication Assisted Mixing For Natural Rubber Aluminium Bonding
title_full_unstemmed Chemically Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets-Thermoset Adhesive Through Ultrasonication Assisted Mixing For Natural Rubber Aluminium Bonding
title_sort chemically modified graphene nanoplatelets-thermoset adhesive through ultrasonication assisted mixing for natural rubber aluminium bonding
granting_institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering
publishDate 2019
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25162/1/Chemically%20Modified%20Graphene%20Nanoplatelets-Thermoset%20Adhesive%20Through%20Ultrasonication%20Assisted%20Mixing%20For%20Natural%20Rubber%20Aluminium%20Bonding.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25162/2/Chemically%20Modified%20Graphene%20Nanoplatelets-Thermoset%20Adhesive%20Through%20Ultrasonication%20Assisted%20Mixing%20For%20Natural%20Rubber%20Aluminium%20Bonding.pdf
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spelling my-utem-ep.251622021-09-29T09:40:26Z Chemically Modified Graphene Nanoplatelets-Thermoset Adhesive Through Ultrasonication Assisted Mixing For Natural Rubber Aluminium Bonding 2019 Mohd Zafri, Mazatul Nadia T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Passive engine mount is an integrated system of rubber and metal which help to reduce noise, vibration and harshness to an automotive system. In recent years, there are increasing demands in the use of aluminium alloy (Al alloy) to replace steel in the engine mount components due to their lightweight properties. Owing to its high strength and sustainability, natural rubber (NR) is also widely used for the same application. It also own low market price. However, the technology development on rubber to aluminium bonding is still infancy. The existing adhesive used is very expensive due to the utilization of primer and insufficient to provide strength required for the component. Therefore, this study is a preliminary effort to explore the potential of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) filled epoxy as an adhesive to bond natural rubber-aluminium alloy without any utilization of primer. In this study, the effect of treated GNPs loading at 0%, 0.5%, 3%, and 7% wt on the bonding strength of the epoxy/GNPs adhesive to bond NR composites-Al alloy was investigated. Firstly, the GNPs were chemically treated via ultrasonication method prior the addition of epoxy to form the adhesive. Then, the epoxy/GNPs adhesive was applied on the pre-etched aluminium alloy before placing in a mould for vulcanization bonding. The NR composites-Al alloy was bonded with the prepared epoxy/GNPs adhesive under the temperature of 140C, 100 kg/cm2 for 10 minutes using hot press machine. Then, the samples were subjected to peel test using UTM machine at the crosshead speed of 50mm/min in accordance to ASTM D429 at room temperature to determine the bonding strength. The findings were further supported by thermal, structural, compositional and morphological analyses using Different Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The epoxy/GNPs adhesive is proven to improve the bonding strength between NR composites-Al alloy for up to 200% compared to the control sample (epoxy without treated GNPs). The highest bonding strength was observed in epoxy/3-GNPs for the value of 44 N compared to 16 N for the control sample. This is due to the uniform distribution of GNPs and good interaction between epoxy/GNPs with the Al alloy surface. This finding is significant for the engine mount manufacturer to improve their current technology or existing recipe for the rubber-aluminium bonding in their product manufacturing. 2019 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25162/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25162/1/Chemically%20Modified%20Graphene%20Nanoplatelets-Thermoset%20Adhesive%20Through%20Ultrasonication%20Assisted%20Mixing%20For%20Natural%20Rubber%20Aluminium%20Bonding.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25162/2/Chemically%20Modified%20Graphene%20Nanoplatelets-Thermoset%20Adhesive%20Through%20Ultrasonication%20Assisted%20Mixing%20For%20Natural%20Rubber%20Aluminium%20Bonding.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=117857 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering Mohamad, Noraiham 1. Anon, 2009. Introduction and Adhesion Theories. Adhesives Technology Handbook, pp.1–19. 2. Anon, 2010. Rubber to Metal Bonding. Rubber as a Construction Material for Corrosion Protection, pp.161–169. 3. Achary, P.S., Gouri, C. & Ramaswamy, R., 2001. Reactive bonding of natural rubber to metal by a nitrile-phenolic adhesive. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 81(11), pp.2597–2608. 4. Ahmadi-Moghadam, B. et al., 2015. Effect of functionalization of graphene nanoplatelets on the mechanical response of graphene/epoxy composites. Materials & Design (1980-2015), 66, pp.142–149. 5. Aradhana, R., Mohanty, S. & Nayak, S.K., 2018. High performance epoxy nanocomposite adhesive: Effect of nanofillers on adhesive strength, curing and degradation kinetics. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 84, pp.238–249. 6. Ayatollahi, M.R. et al., 2016. Mechanical properties of adhesively single lap-bonded joints reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and silica nanoparticles. The Journal of Adhesion, 93(11), pp.896–913. 7. Azammi, A.N. et al., 2018. 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