Investigation Of Warping Deformation By Starch Adhesion In Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printer

Nowadays, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is the most widely used rapid prototyping process in the market. Many derivatives of FDM are open source designs with variety of design complexity and printing quality. The output of open source FDM 3D printers are not perfect due to molten plastic filament...

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Main Author:	Nazan, Muhammad Afdhal
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	T Technology (General) TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25412/1/Investigation%20Of%20Warping%20Deformation%20By%20Starch%20Adhesion%20In%20Fused%20Deposition%20Modelling%203D%20Printer.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25412/2/Investigation%20Of%20Warping%20Deformation%20By%20Starch%20Adhesion%20In%20Fused%20Deposition%20Modelling%203D%20Printer.pdf
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id	my-utem-ep.25412
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection	UTeM Repository
language	English English
advisor	Ramli, Faiz Redza
topic	T Technology (General) TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) TP Chemical technology Nazan, Muhammad Afdhal Investigation Of Warping Deformation By Starch Adhesion In Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printer
description	Nowadays, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is the most widely used rapid prototyping process in the market. Many derivatives of FDM are open source designs with variety of design complexity and printing quality. The output of open source FDM 3D printers are not perfect due to molten plastic filament tend to shrink, warps and peeled away from the printer’s bed during fabrication process. Many researchers came across these problems and found that it was due to the internal shrinkage during plastic solidification, uneven heat distribution of printing bed and short curing time. The study of the use of adhesive on the printer bed especially on countermeasures using starch base adhesive are limited. Hence the purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of starch based adhesives material as countermeasure for warping deformation problems. Four different starch adhesives based material of cassava, sago, soy, and rice were applied to printing bedbefore extrusion of PLA filament. This is intended for comparison with synthetic adhesivewhich are normally applied in FDM process. The prepared standard geometries were printed for tensile strength analysis and surface morphology analysis. In addition, comparison of starch based adhesives and synthetic adhesive were perform by warping deformation measurement for 3D printed flat bar model and complex geometry model. Both models were printed with and without the existence of heat bed. For flat model, four side corners were measured while for complex model, the effect of curling, overhang, internal shrinkage and side shrinkage were inspected. Furthermore a design and development process of an automatic adhesive spreader to the Prusa i3 FDM 3D printer was proposed and the effect of curling, overhang, internal shrinkage and side shrinkage between the new spreader and conventional method were established. The result of experiments shown that cassava based adhesive has achieved the greatest tensile strength among the starch based material and achieved the lowest warping deformation compares to sago, corn and rice based. The evaluation on flat bar model shows average errors in between 15.13% to 22.77% for starch based adhesives compare to 3.80% error for synthetic adhesive. However, improvement can be seen when heat bed was applied to printing bed where starch based adhesives shown to have average warping deformation errors in between 2.51% to 3.92%. While for complex model, other warping deformation effects of curling, overhang, internal shrinkage and side shrinkage shown similar improvement when heat bed were applied to the initial setup. Lastly, the automatic adhesive spreader has been successfully built and performed at a better result compare to the conventional method which used a scrapper tool. The deformation values has reduce to 0.13% for curling effect, 1.92% for overhang effect, 0.09% for internal shrinkage effectand 0.28% for side shrinkages effect. As conclusion, the starch based adhesion materials especially cassava can improve warping deformation of curling, overhang, internal shrinkage and side shrinkage. Moreover, applying heat on bed has proven as one of major factor of improving starch based adhesion in reducing the warping deformations. In addition, the automatic adhesive spreader had shown significant improvement to reduce warping deformation effects. Thus, heat bed and this spreader are important and they are needed to take into account in conducting future experiments.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Nazan, Muhammad Afdhal
author_facet	Nazan, Muhammad Afdhal
author_sort	Nazan, Muhammad Afdhal
title	Investigation Of Warping Deformation By Starch Adhesion In Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printer
title_short	Investigation Of Warping Deformation By Starch Adhesion In Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printer
title_full	Investigation Of Warping Deformation By Starch Adhesion In Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printer
title_fullStr	Investigation Of Warping Deformation By Starch Adhesion In Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printer
title_full_unstemmed	Investigation Of Warping Deformation By Starch Adhesion In Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printer
title_sort	investigation of warping deformation by starch adhesion in fused deposition modelling 3d printer
granting_institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department	Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25412/1/Investigation%20Of%20Warping%20Deformation%20By%20Starch%20Adhesion%20In%20Fused%20Deposition%20Modelling%203D%20Printer.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25412/2/Investigation%20Of%20Warping%20Deformation%20By%20Starch%20Adhesion%20In%20Fused%20Deposition%20Modelling%203D%20Printer.pdf
_version_	1747834122089267200
spelling	my-utem-ep.254122021-12-07T16:10:20Z Investigation Of Warping Deformation By Starch Adhesion In Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printer 2021 Nazan, Muhammad Afdhal T Technology (General) TP Chemical technology Nowadays, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is the most widely used rapid prototyping process in the market. Many derivatives of FDM are open source designs with variety of design complexity and printing quality. The output of open source FDM 3D printers are not perfect due to molten plastic filament tend to shrink, warps and peeled away from the printer’s bed during fabrication process. Many researchers came across these problems and found that it was due to the internal shrinkage during plastic solidification, uneven heat distribution of printing bed and short curing time. The study of the use of adhesive on the printer bed especially on countermeasures using starch base adhesive are limited. Hence the purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of starch based adhesives material as countermeasure for warping deformation problems. Four different starch adhesives based material of cassava, sago, soy, and rice were applied to printing bedbefore extrusion of PLA filament. This is intended for comparison with synthetic adhesivewhich are normally applied in FDM process. The prepared standard geometries were printed for tensile strength analysis and surface morphology analysis. In addition, comparison of starch based adhesives and synthetic adhesive were perform by warping deformation measurement for 3D printed flat bar model and complex geometry model. Both models were printed with and without the existence of heat bed. For flat model, four side corners were measured while for complex model, the effect of curling, overhang, internal shrinkage and side shrinkage were inspected. Furthermore a design and development process of an automatic adhesive spreader to the Prusa i3 FDM 3D printer was proposed and the effect of curling, overhang, internal shrinkage and side shrinkage between the new spreader and conventional method were established. The result of experiments shown that cassava based adhesive has achieved the greatest tensile strength among the starch based material and achieved the lowest warping deformation compares to sago, corn and rice based. The evaluation on flat bar model shows average errors in between 15.13% to 22.77% for starch based adhesives compare to 3.80% error for synthetic adhesive. However, improvement can be seen when heat bed was applied to printing bed where starch based adhesives shown to have average warping deformation errors in between 2.51% to 3.92%. While for complex model, other warping deformation effects of curling, overhang, internal shrinkage and side shrinkage shown similar improvement when heat bed were applied to the initial setup. Lastly, the automatic adhesive spreader has been successfully built and performed at a better result compare to the conventional method which used a scrapper tool. The deformation values has reduce to 0.13% for curling effect, 1.92% for overhang effect, 0.09% for internal shrinkage effectand 0.28% for side shrinkages effect. As conclusion, the starch based adhesion materials especially cassava can improve warping deformation of curling, overhang, internal shrinkage and side shrinkage. Moreover, applying heat on bed has proven as one of major factor of improving starch based adhesion in reducing the warping deformations. In addition, the automatic adhesive spreader had shown significant improvement to reduce warping deformation effects. Thus, heat bed and this spreader are important and they are needed to take into account in conducting future experiments. 2021 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25412/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25412/1/Investigation%20Of%20Warping%20Deformation%20By%20Starch%20Adhesion%20In%20Fused%20Deposition%20Modelling%203D%20Printer.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25412/2/Investigation%20Of%20Warping%20Deformation%20By%20Starch%20Adhesion%20In%20Fused%20Deposition%20Modelling%203D%20Printer.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=119715 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering Ramli, Faiz Redza 1. Achillas, C., Aidonis, D., Iakovou, E., Thymianidis, M. and Tzetzis, D., 2015. A Methodological Framework for the Inclusion of Modern Additive Manufacturing into the Production Portfolio of a Focused Factory. 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