Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Cross Ply Banana/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

To date, the increasing awareness towards a green future has brought a many recyclable and biodegradable things into our daily lifestyle. The ever-increasing demand of green composite will continue to grow with the desire for stronger and lighter materials. However, natural fibres as reinforcement a...

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Main Author:	Zulkafli, Norizzati
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25445/1/Physico-Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%20Hybrid%20Cross%20Ply%20Bananaglass%20Fibre%20Reinforced%20Polypropylene%20Composites.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25445/2/Physico-Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%20Hybrid%20Cross%20Ply%20Bananaglass%20Fibre%20Reinforced%20Polypropylene%20Composites.pdf
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id	my-utem-ep.25445
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection	UTeM Repository
language	English English
advisor	Dhar Malingam, Sivakumar
topic	T Technology (General) T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) T Technology (General) Zulkafli, Norizzati Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Cross Ply Banana/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
description	To date, the increasing awareness towards a green future has brought a many recyclable and biodegradable things into our daily lifestyle. The ever-increasing demand of green composite will continue to grow with the desire for stronger and lighter materials. However, natural fibres as reinforcement are insufficient to satisfy the technical needs of a composite. Therefore, embedding commonly available E-glass fibre into banana fibre reinforced composite will enhance the overall properties. For this reasons, natural fibres considered as one of the alternatives in reducing the impact on environment in terms of renewability, recyclability, biodegradability, sustainability, health and eco-friendly. Banana fibre is used in this research, however limited research on the hybrid cross-ply banana/glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite are available. Thus, this research aims to determine the effect of fibre lay-up sequence on the mechanical, physical properties and effect of moisture absorption on the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties comprise of tensile, flexural, quasi-static indentation and low-velocity impact and comparison between dry and wetted specimens of tensile and flexural tests. Both cross-ply banana (B) and glass (G) fibre were cut into dimensions of 250 x 250 mm and stacked alternately with polypropylene sheets. The four different lay-up sequences of composites (BBB, BGB, GBG and GGG) were hot pressed and cut into test dimensions according to ASTM standards with thickness determined by ply stacking lay-up. Tensile and flexural tests were done according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D790 respectively with speed rate of 2 mm/min. Quasi-static indentation (QSI) and low-velocity impact (LVI) tests were done according to ASTM D6264 and ASTM D7136 respectively. The speed rate for QSI is 1.27 mm/min and impact velocity speed for LVI is 4.5 m/s. The moisture absorption test is conducted according to ASTM D570. Embedding glass fibre to banana fibre reinforced composite shows promising improvement by 253.52% and 780.49% for GBG in terms of tensile strength and modulus. The incorporation of glass fibre as the skin layer improves the GBG flexural strength and modulus by 17.50% and 86.83% compared to BBB. The energy absorption for GBG also were improved by 161.27% and 188.57% for quasi-static indentation and low-velocity impact respectively. Besides, the incorporation of glass fibre reduced the moisture absorption rate by 66.99% for GBG while thickness swelling decreased by 29.01%. As for the effect of moisture on the tensile and flexural properties, the tensile strength and modulus of GBG were reduced by 1.34% and 16.34% when compared to dry samples. Contradict with the tensile properties, the flexural strength and modulus of wetted GBG increased by 13.07% and 12.50% respectively. In terms of lay-up sequence, the wetted tensile strength and modulus of GBG increased from BBB by 439.74% and 978.57%. Flexural strength and modulus also increased from BBB to GBG by 46.43% and 126.45% respectively. The results showed that hybrid banana/glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composite can be commercialized for mid-range load applications.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Zulkafli, Norizzati
author_facet	Zulkafli, Norizzati
author_sort	Zulkafli, Norizzati
title	Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Cross Ply Banana/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
title_short	Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Cross Ply Banana/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
title_full	Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Cross Ply Banana/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
title_fullStr	Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Cross Ply Banana/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
title_full_unstemmed	Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Cross Ply Banana/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
title_sort	physico-mechanical properties of hybrid cross ply banana/glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composites
granting_institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department	Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering
publishDate	2020
url	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25445/1/Physico-Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%20Hybrid%20Cross%20Ply%20Bananaglass%20Fibre%20Reinforced%20Polypropylene%20Composites.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25445/2/Physico-Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%20Hybrid%20Cross%20Ply%20Bananaglass%20Fibre%20Reinforced%20Polypropylene%20Composites.pdf
_version_	1747834130004967424
spelling	my-utem-ep.254452021-12-12T21:58:49Z Physico-Mechanical Properties Of Hybrid Cross Ply Banana/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites 2020 Zulkafli, Norizzati T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) To date, the increasing awareness towards a green future has brought a many recyclable and biodegradable things into our daily lifestyle. The ever-increasing demand of green composite will continue to grow with the desire for stronger and lighter materials. However, natural fibres as reinforcement are insufficient to satisfy the technical needs of a composite. Therefore, embedding commonly available E-glass fibre into banana fibre reinforced composite will enhance the overall properties. For this reasons, natural fibres considered as one of the alternatives in reducing the impact on environment in terms of renewability, recyclability, biodegradability, sustainability, health and eco-friendly. Banana fibre is used in this research, however limited research on the hybrid cross-ply banana/glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite are available. Thus, this research aims to determine the effect of fibre lay-up sequence on the mechanical, physical properties and effect of moisture absorption on the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties comprise of tensile, flexural, quasi-static indentation and low-velocity impact and comparison between dry and wetted specimens of tensile and flexural tests. Both cross-ply banana (B) and glass (G) fibre were cut into dimensions of 250 x 250 mm and stacked alternately with polypropylene sheets. The four different lay-up sequences of composites (BBB, BGB, GBG and GGG) were hot pressed and cut into test dimensions according to ASTM standards with thickness determined by ply stacking lay-up. Tensile and flexural tests were done according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D790 respectively with speed rate of 2 mm/min. Quasi-static indentation (QSI) and low-velocity impact (LVI) tests were done according to ASTM D6264 and ASTM D7136 respectively. The speed rate for QSI is 1.27 mm/min and impact velocity speed for LVI is 4.5 m/s. The moisture absorption test is conducted according to ASTM D570. Embedding glass fibre to banana fibre reinforced composite shows promising improvement by 253.52% and 780.49% for GBG in terms of tensile strength and modulus. The incorporation of glass fibre as the skin layer improves the GBG flexural strength and modulus by 17.50% and 86.83% compared to BBB. The energy absorption for GBG also were improved by 161.27% and 188.57% for quasi-static indentation and low-velocity impact respectively. Besides, the incorporation of glass fibre reduced the moisture absorption rate by 66.99% for GBG while thickness swelling decreased by 29.01%. As for the effect of moisture on the tensile and flexural properties, the tensile strength and modulus of GBG were reduced by 1.34% and 16.34% when compared to dry samples. Contradict with the tensile properties, the flexural strength and modulus of wetted GBG increased by 13.07% and 12.50% respectively. In terms of lay-up sequence, the wetted tensile strength and modulus of GBG increased from BBB by 439.74% and 978.57%. Flexural strength and modulus also increased from BBB to GBG by 46.43% and 126.45% respectively. The results showed that hybrid banana/glass fibre reinforced polypropylene composite can be commercialized for mid-range load applications. 2020 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25445/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25445/1/Physico-Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%20Hybrid%20Cross%20Ply%20Bananaglass%20Fibre%20Reinforced%20Polypropylene%20Composites.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25445/2/Physico-Mechanical%20Properties%20Of%20Hybrid%20Cross%20Ply%20Bananaglass%20Fibre%20Reinforced%20Polypropylene%20Composites.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=119749 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Mechanical Engineering Dhar Malingam, Sivakumar 1. Abrate, S., 2011. Impact Engineering of Composite Structures. Springer Science and Business Media, 526. 2. Abrate, S., 2009. Impact on Laminated Composite Materials. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 44(4), pp. 155–190. 3. Acharya, S.D., 2014. 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