Characterization of fused deposition modelling printed kenaf fibre reinforced poly-lactic acid composites
Natural fibre as a reinforcing agent has been widely used in many industrial applications. However, the reinforcing agent devotes a better strength when embedded with a polymer matrix. Nevertheless, the characteristic of natural fibre and polymer matrix are in contrast, as natural fibre is hydrop...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/27692/1/Characterization%20of%20fused%20deposition%20modelling%20printed%20kenaf%20fibre%20reinforced%20poly-lactic%20acid%20composites.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/27692/2/Characterization%20of%20fused%20deposition%20modelling%20printed%20kenaf%20fibre%20reinforced%20poly-lactic%20acid%20composites.pdf |
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| Summary: | Natural fibre as a reinforcing agent has been widely used in many industrial applications.
However, the reinforcing agent devotes a better strength when embedded with a polymer
matrix. Nevertheless, the characteristic of natural fibre and polymer matrix are in contrast,
as natural fibre is hydrophilic, while polymer is hydrophobic in nature. Natural fibre is highly
hydrophilic due to the presence of a hydroxyl group (-OH), while polymer matrix has an
inherent hydrophobic characteristic which repels water. This issue has been fixed by
modifying the natural fibre’s surface using a chemical treatment combining an alkaline
treatment and a silane coupling agent. This modifying process of natural fibre might reduce
the attraction of water and moisture content and increase natural fibre surface roughness,
which improves the interfacial bonding between these two phases. Fused Deposition
Modelling (FDM) gets the most attention in development and manufacturing industries. The
demand for FDM in industries increases gradually over time and attracts many researchers
to enhance the quality of the FDM’s fillers. To overcome the issue and replace the current
fibres and achieve the bio-composites fibre, researchers suggested using natural fibre to
replace the synthetic and carbon fibres as the reinforcement, which is also combined with
bio-polymer matrix such as thermoplastics as the polymer matrix in FDM’s industries. The
effect of alkaline and silane treatment has been proven by performing the mechanical test,
1.0% silane treatment displayed better strength performance (57.846MPa) and tensile
modulus (1.174GPa) as compared to other composites, which was proven by performing
Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM). The composites properties have been obtained by
performing Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
and capillary rheological tests. By claiming 1.0% as the optimum silane concentration that
perform better in mechanical properties, several factors need to be considered such as size
and dimensional of fibre in binding. This factor has been studied by variying the size of
natural fibre as the responding variables with a fix weight percentage of fillers. This
modifying process of natural fibre might increase the dispersion of filler towards polymer
matrix and increase the internal strength of composites, subsequently improving the
interfacial bonding between these two phases. As the results tensile test indicateds that
≤100μm have hisghest strength (45.578MPa) with highest tensile modulus (1.096GPa)
which also has been proven under SEM. The surface quality has been visualize by using 3D
profilometer As a conclusion, by reducing the size of fillers, kenaf fibre composites could
develop high strength performance in industry applications. |
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