The assessment of screening study on organic compounds in non-heated and heated local electronic cigarette liquid
Recently, the majority of smokers use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). An e-cigarette generates vapor by heating an e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid) containing propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG). At this point, the inhalation of e-liquid by the consumer may include hazardous organic...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English English |
| Published: |
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10990/1/24p%20NUR%20SYAFIQAH%20RUSLI.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10990/2/NUR%20SYAFIQAH%20RUSLI%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10990/3/NUR%20SYAFIQAH%20RUSLI%20WATERMARK.pdf |
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| Summary: | Recently, the majority of smokers use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). An e-cigarette generates vapor by heating an e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid) containing propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG). At this point, the inhalation of e-liquid by the consumer may include hazardous organic compounds that create health concerns. Therefore, this study analyzed the chemical analysis of functional groups including pH in 37 e-liquids (non-heated and heated). The 37 samples were collected and purchased from the local retailers. Prior to functional group analysis, pH levels of all e-liquid samples were measured using a digital pH meter. The functional group of organic compounds in the samples was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The custom-made of vaping chamber is used to produce heated e-liquid samples. Next, a comparison of the functional group species between non-heated and heated samples are performed using FTIR analysis. A relationship between functional group of non-heated and heated e-liquids is validated using Pearson's correlation analysis. The pH of all e-liquids samples was in the range of 5.2 to 7.1 scale. FTIR spectra for non-heated and heated e-liquid are dominated by hydroxyl (OH-), alkane (C-H), alkene (C=C), carbonyl (C=O) and amide (N-H and C-N) groups. Significant peaks are observed at FTIR position of 3302 cm-1, 2929 cm-1, 1654 cm-1, 1714 cm-1, and 1554 cm-1, respectively. There is also an increment in absorbance peak observed for both non-heated and heated e-liquids samples. These observations are supported by Pearson's correlation on the functional group of C=C, N-H and O-H for both non-heated and heated e-liquids samples in which the statistically significant is given by r = 0.917, r = 0.567 and r = 0.417 with p-value less than 0.05. Overall, this study revealed that e-liquids are mainly contained with hydroxyl, alkane, alkene, carbonyl and amide groups. This functional group confirmation were used for medical practitioners to predict the cause of health risk among the vaper’s patients in the future |
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