Optimization of doping process towards rutile-phased titanium dioxide nanorods array for ultraviolet photodetector applications

Titanium dioxide has gained attention in current fundamental research for photodetector application. Commercial UV photodetectors uses Si-based materials that have a low bandgap and needed a filter to filter-out visible light wavelengths. For that reason, TiO2 is widely studied as it has a wide b...

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Main Author:	Mohammad Mokhtar, Salina
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11053/1/24p%20SALINA%20MOHAMMAD%20MOKHTAR.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11053/2/SALINA%20MOHAMMAD%20MOKHTAR%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11053/3/SALINA%20MOHAMMAD%20MOKHTAR%20WATERMARK.pdf
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spelling	my-uthm-ep.110532024-05-29T02:27:17Z Optimization of doping process towards rutile-phased titanium dioxide nanorods array for ultraviolet photodetector applications 2023-08 Mohammad Mokhtar, Salina T Technology (General) Titanium dioxide has gained attention in current fundamental research for photodetector application. Commercial UV photodetectors uses Si-based materials that have a low bandgap and needed a filter to filter-out visible light wavelengths. For that reason, TiO2 is widely studied as it has a wide bandgap that absorbs only UV wavelength. Even so, the slow carrier transport of TiO2 has been considered a drawback that can limit its full potential in these applications. Focusing on the electronic properties of the material, this study used several dopant concentrations to enhance rutile TiO2 electron concentration and mobility by using niobium (Nb) and boron (B) as dopants in nanorods TiO2. Well-aligned TiO2 nanorods were fabricated with 1.00 mL of TiO2 precursor as a preliminary study. Herein, the Nb and B-doped rutile TiO2 nanorods were fabricated by using hydrothermal method with FTO as a substrate. Based on the finding, doping process was successfully done with confirmation on the presence of Nb and B dopants in TiO2 lattice by XPS spectroscopy. Photocurrent analysis of the TiO2 nanorods shows increasing current approximately 2.3 times larger than undoped TiO2 for 0.25 w.t.% Nb doped, and 1.8 times larger for 1.00 w.t.% of B doped with bandgap of 3.09 and 3.04 eV, respectively. While B doping does not give significant changes to the nanorod, Nb dopant inhibits nucleation sites on the FTO thus reducing the density of nanorods in high doping concentration. Annealing treatment was done to enhance the crystallinity of the nanorods with the annealing temperature varied from 200 to 500 °C. Annealing treatment on both samples showed an increase in the photocurrent with enhancement on the crystallinity of samples at 300 °C annealing temperature. The results prove that electron concentration and mobility of rutile TiO2 nanorods can be enhanced by using Nb and B dopants. Highly crystalline nanorods can be achieved with annealing treatment at 300 °C that will further enhance the electronic properties of rutile TiO2 nanorods thus making it beneficial in UV photodetector application 2023-08 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11053/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11053/1/24p%20SALINA%20MOHAMMAD%20MOKHTAR.pdf text en public http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11053/2/SALINA%20MOHAMMAD%20MOKHTAR%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf text en staffonly http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11053/3/SALINA%20MOHAMMAD%20MOKHTAR%20WATERMARK.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) Mohammad Mokhtar, Salina Optimization of doping process towards rutile-phased titanium dioxide nanorods array for ultraviolet photodetector applications
description	Titanium dioxide has gained attention in current fundamental research for photodetector application. Commercial UV photodetectors uses Si-based materials that have a low bandgap and needed a filter to filter-out visible light wavelengths. For that reason, TiO2 is widely studied as it has a wide bandgap that absorbs only UV wavelength. Even so, the slow carrier transport of TiO2 has been considered a drawback that can limit its full potential in these applications. Focusing on the electronic properties of the material, this study used several dopant concentrations to enhance rutile TiO2 electron concentration and mobility by using niobium (Nb) and boron (B) as dopants in nanorods TiO2. Well-aligned TiO2 nanorods were fabricated with 1.00 mL of TiO2 precursor as a preliminary study. Herein, the Nb and B-doped rutile TiO2 nanorods were fabricated by using hydrothermal method with FTO as a substrate. Based on the finding, doping process was successfully done with confirmation on the presence of Nb and B dopants in TiO2 lattice by XPS spectroscopy. Photocurrent analysis of the TiO2 nanorods shows increasing current approximately 2.3 times larger than undoped TiO2 for 0.25 w.t.% Nb doped, and 1.8 times larger for 1.00 w.t.% of B doped with bandgap of 3.09 and 3.04 eV, respectively. While B doping does not give significant changes to the nanorod, Nb dopant inhibits nucleation sites on the FTO thus reducing the density of nanorods in high doping concentration. Annealing treatment was done to enhance the crystallinity of the nanorods with the annealing temperature varied from 200 to 500 °C. Annealing treatment on both samples showed an increase in the photocurrent with enhancement on the crystallinity of samples at 300 °C annealing temperature. The results prove that electron concentration and mobility of rutile TiO2 nanorods can be enhanced by using Nb and B dopants. Highly crystalline nanorods can be achieved with annealing treatment at 300 °C that will further enhance the electronic properties of rutile TiO2 nanorods thus making it beneficial in UV photodetector application
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Mohammad Mokhtar, Salina
author_facet	Mohammad Mokhtar, Salina
author_sort	Mohammad Mokhtar, Salina
title	Optimization of doping process towards rutile-phased titanium dioxide nanorods array for ultraviolet photodetector applications
title_short	Optimization of doping process towards rutile-phased titanium dioxide nanorods array for ultraviolet photodetector applications
title_full	Optimization of doping process towards rutile-phased titanium dioxide nanorods array for ultraviolet photodetector applications
title_fullStr	Optimization of doping process towards rutile-phased titanium dioxide nanorods array for ultraviolet photodetector applications
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization of doping process towards rutile-phased titanium dioxide nanorods array for ultraviolet photodetector applications
title_sort	optimization of doping process towards rutile-phased titanium dioxide nanorods array for ultraviolet photodetector applications
granting_institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
granting_department	Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11053/1/24p%20SALINA%20MOHAMMAD%20MOKHTAR.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11053/2/SALINA%20MOHAMMAD%20MOKHTAR%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/11053/3/SALINA%20MOHAMMAD%20MOKHTAR%20WATERMARK.pdf
_version_	1804890142975983616

Optimization of doping process towards rutile-phased titanium dioxide nanorods array for ultraviolet photodetector applications

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