Development of the porcelain tiles by the partial substitution of feldspar with fly ash

Fly ash properties are unusual among engineering materials. Typically used for embankment construction, fly ash is well known in the production of cement, concrete and brick. Fly ash is one of the palm oil waste products from the combustion of palm fiber and shells in the boiler which are collected...

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Main Author:	Alwi Kutty, Nur Azureen
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	TP315-360 Fuel
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1110/1/24p%20NUR%20AZUREEN%20BINTI%20ALWI%20KUTTY.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1110/2/NUR%20AZUREEN%20BINTI%20ALWI%20KUTTY%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1110/3/NUR%20AZUREEN%20BINTI%20ALWI%20KUTTY%20WATERMARK.pdf
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spelling	my-uthm-ep.11102021-09-22T04:42:47Z Development of the porcelain tiles by the partial substitution of feldspar with fly ash 2020-11 Alwi Kutty, Nur Azureen TP315-360 Fuel Fly ash properties are unusual among engineering materials. Typically used for embankment construction, fly ash is well known in the production of cement, concrete and brick. Fly ash is one of the palm oil waste products from the combustion of palm fiber and shells in the boiler which are collected at the multi-cyclone collectors. In this research, feldspar is gradually replaced by fly ash compositions of 0 – 25 wt. %. The samples were mixed for 12 hours, pressed with a load of 3 tonnes and isostatically pressed by using CIP with a pressure of 100 MPa. The samples were sintered at the temperature range of 1100 – 1300 °C. An investigation on the physical and mechanical properties as well as the crystalline phase and microstructure of porcelain were evaluated in this study. Through XRF analysis, the presence of fluxing component in fly ash significantly proved its potential as fluxing agent in porcelain. The highest strength of the porcelain obtained at the replacement of 5 wt. % of fly ash sintered at 1250 °C concurrently shows it as the best composition of fly ash and the best sintering temperature. Maximum compressive strength of 105.40 MPa and higher Vickers microhardness value obtained through this composition. In fact, the percentage of the total mass loss was increased up to 9.30 %. The bulk density value of the porcelain is reduced to 2.34 g/cm3, which almost 2.5 % loss of density. Lower apparent porosity achieved at this compositions with 0.22 %, indicating almost complete densifications takes place. The percentage of mullite content was found to be increased with existence of fly ash in porcelain compositions. SEM studied revealed that intense interlocking and uniform distribution between the primary and secondary mullite in glassy matrix are contributed in achieving higher densification of porcelain. It is concluded that the utilization of fly ash as fluxing component is highly suitable in porcelain and the replacement of 5 wt. % of fly ash successfully improvised the properties and the microstructure of the porcelain with attaining higher mechanical strength. 2020-11 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1110/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1110/1/24p%20NUR%20AZUREEN%20BINTI%20ALWI%20KUTTY.pdf text en public http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1110/2/NUR%20AZUREEN%20BINTI%20ALWI%20KUTTY%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf text en staffonly http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1110/3/NUR%20AZUREEN%20BINTI%20ALWI%20KUTTY%20WATERMARK.pdf text en validuser mphil masters Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Faculty of Applied Science and Technology
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	TP315-360 Fuel
spellingShingle	TP315-360 Fuel Alwi Kutty, Nur Azureen Development of the porcelain tiles by the partial substitution of feldspar with fly ash
description	Fly ash properties are unusual among engineering materials. Typically used for embankment construction, fly ash is well known in the production of cement, concrete and brick. Fly ash is one of the palm oil waste products from the combustion of palm fiber and shells in the boiler which are collected at the multi-cyclone collectors. In this research, feldspar is gradually replaced by fly ash compositions of 0 – 25 wt. %. The samples were mixed for 12 hours, pressed with a load of 3 tonnes and isostatically pressed by using CIP with a pressure of 100 MPa. The samples were sintered at the temperature range of 1100 – 1300 °C. An investigation on the physical and mechanical properties as well as the crystalline phase and microstructure of porcelain were evaluated in this study. Through XRF analysis, the presence of fluxing component in fly ash significantly proved its potential as fluxing agent in porcelain. The highest strength of the porcelain obtained at the replacement of 5 wt. % of fly ash sintered at 1250 °C concurrently shows it as the best composition of fly ash and the best sintering temperature. Maximum compressive strength of 105.40 MPa and higher Vickers microhardness value obtained through this composition. In fact, the percentage of the total mass loss was increased up to 9.30 %. The bulk density value of the porcelain is reduced to 2.34 g/cm3, which almost 2.5 % loss of density. Lower apparent porosity achieved at this compositions with 0.22 %, indicating almost complete densifications takes place. The percentage of mullite content was found to be increased with existence of fly ash in porcelain compositions. SEM studied revealed that intense interlocking and uniform distribution between the primary and secondary mullite in glassy matrix are contributed in achieving higher densification of porcelain. It is concluded that the utilization of fly ash as fluxing component is highly suitable in porcelain and the replacement of 5 wt. % of fly ash successfully improvised the properties and the microstructure of the porcelain with attaining higher mechanical strength.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Alwi Kutty, Nur Azureen
author_facet	Alwi Kutty, Nur Azureen
author_sort	Alwi Kutty, Nur Azureen
title	Development of the porcelain tiles by the partial substitution of feldspar with fly ash
title_short	Development of the porcelain tiles by the partial substitution of feldspar with fly ash
title_full	Development of the porcelain tiles by the partial substitution of feldspar with fly ash
title_fullStr	Development of the porcelain tiles by the partial substitution of feldspar with fly ash
title_full_unstemmed	Development of the porcelain tiles by the partial substitution of feldspar with fly ash
title_sort	development of the porcelain tiles by the partial substitution of feldspar with fly ash
granting_institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Applied Science and Technology
publishDate	2020
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1110/1/24p%20NUR%20AZUREEN%20BINTI%20ALWI%20KUTTY.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1110/2/NUR%20AZUREEN%20BINTI%20ALWI%20KUTTY%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1110/3/NUR%20AZUREEN%20BINTI%20ALWI%20KUTTY%20WATERMARK.pdf
_version_	1747830738800082944

Development of the porcelain tiles by the partial substitution of feldspar with fly ash

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