Production of zinc iron phosphate glasses by microwave and conventional processing methods
This thesis describes the production of zinc iron phosphate glasses, xZnO-(40- x)Fe2O3-60P2O5 with x = 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 (mol%) using microwave and conventional processing methods. The work aiming to investigate the potential use of microwave processing method for the production of zinc ir...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English English |
| Published: |
2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1118/1/24p%20NUR%20HAZEEQAH%20MOHD%20FARHADI.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1118/2/NUR%20HAZEEQAH%20MOHD%20FARHADI%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1118/3/NUR%20HAZEEQAH%20MOHD%20FARHADI%20WATERMARK.pdf |
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| Summary: | This thesis describes the production of zinc iron phosphate glasses, xZnO-(40-
x)Fe2O3-60P2O5 with x = 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 (mol%) using microwave and
conventional processing methods. The work aiming to investigate the potential use
of microwave processing method for the production of zinc iron phosphate glasses.
In microwave glass melting, magnetite powder coupled with microwave radiation
within 10 minutes radiation time. Equivalent samples are conventionally prepared
by melting the identical batches at 1300 ˚C for 3 hours in electric furnace. The mass
loss trends for all samples are increased with the increasing of ZnO and in
agreement with the theoretical data calculated from batch compositions. It is found
that the mass loss of microwave samples increased about 2 % compared to
conventionally made samples and this is due to the contribution of Fe2+ ion. XRD
patterns confirmed the amorphous structure and revealed an identical diffuse
scattering behaviour of all samples. The homogeneity of chemical compositions
are evident from SEM images and the chemical analysis using EDS implied that
the percentage amount of Zn, Fe and P in each of the glasses prepared using
microwave method decrease compared to the samples formed using conventional
method. The Tg data are in range of 459 – 476 ˚C and these agree with the mass
loss and EDS analyses. Although the chemical properties of conventionally
prepared samples are superior compared to the microwaved samples, the powder
density analysis shown that the microwave samples possessed higher powder
density values (3.0491, 3.0488 and 3.0343 g/cm3
) at lower ZnO content (< 5 %).
All in all, it is clear from the data that the microwave glass melting are promising
and viable method as it retains high density of materials, rapid glass melting and
reduce energy consumption compared to conventional glass melting. |
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