Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant

Crude palm oil (CPO), which is available in abundant in Malaysia, is used as the feedstock in this research work. The work starts with the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the feedstock and the associated product to obtain the major fatty acid compositions of triglyceride appli...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Sani, Winardi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	TP315-360 Fuel
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1221/1/24p%20WINARDI%20SANI.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1221/2/WINARDI%20SANI%20WATERMARK.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-uthm-ep.1221
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uthm-ep.12212021-09-30T06:32:39Z Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant 2014-05 Sani, Winardi TP315-360 Fuel Crude palm oil (CPO), which is available in abundant in Malaysia, is used as the feedstock in this research work. The work starts with the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the feedstock and the associated product to obtain the major fatty acid compositions of triglyceride applicable in the crude palm oil. The kinetic models describing the change in the concentrations of the triglycerides, intermediates, alcohol, and the products during the reaction course are formulated through the corresponding kinetic mechanism. By looking at the kinetic mechanisms of the reaction, the chemical reaction is better understood. The ultimately proposed kinetic models of the biodiesel production from crude palm oil and methanol under the presence of a base catalyst follow the second order differential equations without a shunt reaction. The emphasis of this re�search work is on the study of the methanolysis of the crude palm oil under a base catalyst (transesterification) to produce biodiesel at high quality and maximum yield. The concentration profiles of the reactants and the products employed in the transesterification are obtained by solving numerically the associated differ�ential equations with introducing the published reaction rate constants applied in a laboratory scale. The effect of the reversible transesterification reaction shows that each concentration profile of the reactants and the products tends to achieve an equilibrium after certain reaction time. The simulation results of the kinetic models are implemented in the pilot plant to produce biodiesel from CPO. Due to impurities such as unwanted gums and pig�ment, the feedstock must first undergo a physical treatment including degumming and bleaching processes. The high content of water and free fatty acid containing in CPO requires an esterification process. The main objective of this process is to lower that value to a minimum level to avoid the undesired effects such as saponification and inefficiency of the catalyst. Methanolysis of triglyceride under an alkaline catalyst, transesterification, can be subsequently carried out. Produc�tion of biodiesel in a larger scale needs a particular material handling compared to that in laboratory scale. Uncertainty of isothermal state during the reaction iv course, uniform mixing in the catalyst preparation, and the effect of the inert gas as the process safety agent will affect adversely the conversion and also the yield. Consequently, the transesterification process must be carried out in stages to achieve a high conversion of palm oil to biodiesel. To attain this objective, the molar ratio of palm oil to methanol for each stage can be adjusted to mini�mize the methanol usage and the steam consumption. In a batch–mode operated plant, the conversion can vary from a batch to a another batch process. With this approach, it is expected that the high conversion above 96.5 % by weight, as requested by EN 14214 standard, as well as a high yield of biodiesel can be achieved. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis method was used to determine the methyl ester contents during the reaction progress. Based on these accurate experiment data along with the simulation results, a validation was done. Technical im�provements in the plant operation can therefore be deduced towards the best plant performance and a high quality of biodiesel product. 2014-05 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1221/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1221/1/24p%20WINARDI%20SANI.pdf text en public http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1221/2/WINARDI%20SANI%20WATERMARK.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	TP315-360 Fuel
spellingShingle	TP315-360 Fuel Sani, Winardi Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant
description	Crude palm oil (CPO), which is available in abundant in Malaysia, is used as the feedstock in this research work. The work starts with the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the feedstock and the associated product to obtain the major fatty acid compositions of triglyceride applicable in the crude palm oil. The kinetic models describing the change in the concentrations of the triglycerides, intermediates, alcohol, and the products during the reaction course are formulated through the corresponding kinetic mechanism. By looking at the kinetic mechanisms of the reaction, the chemical reaction is better understood. The ultimately proposed kinetic models of the biodiesel production from crude palm oil and methanol under the presence of a base catalyst follow the second order differential equations without a shunt reaction. The emphasis of this re�search work is on the study of the methanolysis of the crude palm oil under a base catalyst (transesterification) to produce biodiesel at high quality and maximum yield. The concentration profiles of the reactants and the products employed in the transesterification are obtained by solving numerically the associated differ�ential equations with introducing the published reaction rate constants applied in a laboratory scale. The effect of the reversible transesterification reaction shows that each concentration profile of the reactants and the products tends to achieve an equilibrium after certain reaction time. The simulation results of the kinetic models are implemented in the pilot plant to produce biodiesel from CPO. Due to impurities such as unwanted gums and pig�ment, the feedstock must first undergo a physical treatment including degumming and bleaching processes. The high content of water and free fatty acid containing in CPO requires an esterification process. The main objective of this process is to lower that value to a minimum level to avoid the undesired effects such as saponification and inefficiency of the catalyst. Methanolysis of triglyceride under an alkaline catalyst, transesterification, can be subsequently carried out. Produc�tion of biodiesel in a larger scale needs a particular material handling compared to that in laboratory scale. Uncertainty of isothermal state during the reaction iv course, uniform mixing in the catalyst preparation, and the effect of the inert gas as the process safety agent will affect adversely the conversion and also the yield. Consequently, the transesterification process must be carried out in stages to achieve a high conversion of palm oil to biodiesel. To attain this objective, the molar ratio of palm oil to methanol for each stage can be adjusted to mini�mize the methanol usage and the steam consumption. In a batch–mode operated plant, the conversion can vary from a batch to a another batch process. With this approach, it is expected that the high conversion above 96.5 % by weight, as requested by EN 14214 standard, as well as a high yield of biodiesel can be achieved. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis method was used to determine the methyl ester contents during the reaction progress. Based on these accurate experiment data along with the simulation results, a validation was done. Technical im�provements in the plant operation can therefore be deduced towards the best plant performance and a high quality of biodiesel product.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Sani, Winardi
author_facet	Sani, Winardi
author_sort	Sani, Winardi
title	Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant
title_short	Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant
title_full	Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant
title_fullStr	Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant
title_full_unstemmed	Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant
title_sort	multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant
granting_institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
granting_department	Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan
publishDate	2014
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1221/1/24p%20WINARDI%20SANI.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1221/2/WINARDI%20SANI%20WATERMARK.pdf
_version_	1747830755727245312

Multistage methanolysis of crude palm oil for biodiesel production in a pilot plant

Similar Items