Production of temporary bone scaffold reinforced with OPEFB-CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch

Bone fracture is a common injury because of its nature position that is mostly closest to skin and exposed to excessive compression and depression. Current treatment for bone fracture employs the scaffolding approaches which are specifically positioned for a certain period of time. These allow the d...

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Main Author:	M. Yusup, Eliza
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TP248.13-248.65 Biotechnology
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1567/2/ELIZA%20M.%20YUSUP%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1567/1/24p%20ELIZA%20M.%20YUSUP.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1567/3/ELIZA%20M.%20YUSUP%20WATERMARK.pdf
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spelling	my-uthm-ep.15672021-10-03T08:01:09Z Production of temporary bone scaffold reinforced with OPEFB-CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch 2015-12 M. Yusup, Eliza TP248.13-248.65 Biotechnology Bone fracture is a common injury because of its nature position that is mostly closest to skin and exposed to excessive compression and depression. Current treatment for bone fracture employs the scaffolding approaches which are specifically positioned for a certain period of time. These allow the defective bones to undergo proper healing processes. However, these scaffolds have two issues that need to be addressed; the material’s compatibility and degradability. Previously, there was poor interaction between the Chitosan (CS) and Hydroxyapatite (HA)/nano HA (nHA) phases causing the composite to have poor physico-chemical properties. This research used Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as the reinforcement material for CS / HA or nHA composite scaffold. The main objective is to produce CMC from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) for temporary biodegradable bone scaffold from a combination of CMC, CS and HA/nHA. Series of experiments were done including extracting CMC from the OPEFB, fabricating composite scaffold by a co-solution method followed by freeze-drying approach to produce a porous bone implant. The final procedure was to analyse the CMC and scaffold produced by various analyses and tests including FTIR, SEM, EDX, TGA and compressive-modulus for its mechanical characteristics. The findings indicated that the strength has increased within 32 – 50 kPa with CMC content compared to chitosan scaffold alone which was only recorded at 0.042 – 0.7 kPa. With the additional of Calcium Phosphate the results only recorded from 0.024 kPa until 2 kPa. The composite scaffold was also successfully constructed with lots of pores, allowing the scaffold to demonstrate preferential proliferation and extracellular matrices and generate mineralised bones. The investigation was extended to in-vitro test involving Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution to evaluate the biodegradation rate and vi the growing of apatite layer during immersion. The implant had exhibited biodegradation feature parallel to new bone formation. The ability in attracting Calcium (Ca) and Phosphate (P) elements for apatite layer development on its surface was also proven with the calculated value of Ca/P ratio that has identical value with the theory, at 1.67. 2015-12 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1567/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1567/2/ELIZA%20M.%20YUSUP%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf text en staffonly http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1567/1/24p%20ELIZA%20M.%20YUSUP.pdf text en public http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1567/3/ELIZA%20M.%20YUSUP%20WATERMARK.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	TP248.13-248.65 Biotechnology
spellingShingle	TP248.13-248.65 Biotechnology M. Yusup, Eliza Production of temporary bone scaffold reinforced with OPEFB-CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch
description	Bone fracture is a common injury because of its nature position that is mostly closest to skin and exposed to excessive compression and depression. Current treatment for bone fracture employs the scaffolding approaches which are specifically positioned for a certain period of time. These allow the defective bones to undergo proper healing processes. However, these scaffolds have two issues that need to be addressed; the material’s compatibility and degradability. Previously, there was poor interaction between the Chitosan (CS) and Hydroxyapatite (HA)/nano HA (nHA) phases causing the composite to have poor physico-chemical properties. This research used Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as the reinforcement material for CS / HA or nHA composite scaffold. The main objective is to produce CMC from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) for temporary biodegradable bone scaffold from a combination of CMC, CS and HA/nHA. Series of experiments were done including extracting CMC from the OPEFB, fabricating composite scaffold by a co-solution method followed by freeze-drying approach to produce a porous bone implant. The final procedure was to analyse the CMC and scaffold produced by various analyses and tests including FTIR, SEM, EDX, TGA and compressive-modulus for its mechanical characteristics. The findings indicated that the strength has increased within 32 – 50 kPa with CMC content compared to chitosan scaffold alone which was only recorded at 0.042 – 0.7 kPa. With the additional of Calcium Phosphate the results only recorded from 0.024 kPa until 2 kPa. The composite scaffold was also successfully constructed with lots of pores, allowing the scaffold to demonstrate preferential proliferation and extracellular matrices and generate mineralised bones. The investigation was extended to in-vitro test involving Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution to evaluate the biodegradation rate and vi the growing of apatite layer during immersion. The implant had exhibited biodegradation feature parallel to new bone formation. The ability in attracting Calcium (Ca) and Phosphate (P) elements for apatite layer development on its surface was also proven with the calculated value of Ca/P ratio that has identical value with the theory, at 1.67.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	M. Yusup, Eliza
author_facet	M. Yusup, Eliza
author_sort	M. Yusup, Eliza
title	Production of temporary bone scaffold reinforced with OPEFB-CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch
title_short	Production of temporary bone scaffold reinforced with OPEFB-CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch
title_full	Production of temporary bone scaffold reinforced with OPEFB-CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch
title_fullStr	Production of temporary bone scaffold reinforced with OPEFB-CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch
title_full_unstemmed	Production of temporary bone scaffold reinforced with OPEFB-CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch
title_sort	production of temporary bone scaffold reinforced with opefb-cmc from oil palm empty fruit bunch
granting_institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1567/2/ELIZA%20M.%20YUSUP%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1567/1/24p%20ELIZA%20M.%20YUSUP.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1567/3/ELIZA%20M.%20YUSUP%20WATERMARK.pdf
_version_	1747830818210840576

Production of temporary bone scaffold reinforced with OPEFB-CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch

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