Coagulation and flocculation process using cassava peel starch modified with lemongrass extract for pollutants removal in raw water

Sustainable and greener solution for water treatment problems is the persistent need in the current days. The present research synthesized a novel dual function coagulant using cassava peel starch with incorporation of lemongrass extract and evaluated the synergistic effect between alum and modified...

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Main Author:	Mohd Asharuddin, Syazwani
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/37/1/24p%20SYAZWANI%20MOHD%20ASHARUDDIN.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/37/2/SYAZWANI%20MOHD%20ASHARUDDIN%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/37/3/SYAZWANI%20MOHD%20ASHARUDDIN%20WATERMARK.pdf
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spelling	my-uthm-ep.372021-06-22T02:24:00Z Coagulation and flocculation process using cassava peel starch modified with lemongrass extract for pollutants removal in raw water 2020-01 Mohd Asharuddin, Syazwani QD Chemistry Sustainable and greener solution for water treatment problems is the persistent need in the current days. The present research synthesized a novel dual function coagulant using cassava peel starch with incorporation of lemongrass extract and evaluated the synergistic effect between alum and modified cassava peel starch (MCPS) or native cassava peel starch (CPS) as dual coagulants in removing turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in raw water. The effects of pH, coagulant dosage and settling time on coagulation and flocculation performance of the coagulants were also determined. The coagulation and flocculation mechanisms were examined through floc characterization and electrokinetic analyses. Characterization study of coagulants confirmed the efficacy of modification technique as described by significant changes in pores formation, texture roughness and appearance of new element including Cl and Ca on the surface of the modified starch. The presence of citral, an important active group in lemongrass extract which responsible for antimicrobial property was also found in the modified starch. Coagulation and flocculation study indicated alum – MCPS and alum – CPS presented distinctive performance compared to alum, CPS and MCPS as sole coagulants of in terms of both coagulation and antibacterial functionality. Substantial removals of turbidity (93.15%), TSS (92.00%) and E. coli (100.00%) were achieved with treatment alum – MCPS within 10 minutes of settling time at effective alum – MCPS dosage of 4.50 – 70.00 mg/L and pH 7. Alum individually prevails over other coagulants in reducing COD (34.06%). Mechanism study indicated that charge neutralization is the main mechanism driving the coagulation process associated with alum. While bridging, ion exchange and complexation mechanism dominated the coagulation process associated with the starches. The favorable dual functionality of the coagulants provides a greener alternative in the effort to reduce the dosage of chemical coagulants and disinfectants, which in turn gives an impact on significant attenuation in the secondary pollution risk of chemical coagulants and disinfectant by-products. 2020-01 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/37/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/37/1/24p%20SYAZWANI%20MOHD%20ASHARUDDIN.pdf text en public http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/37/2/SYAZWANI%20MOHD%20ASHARUDDIN%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf text en staffonly http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/37/3/SYAZWANI%20MOHD%20ASHARUDDIN%20WATERMARK.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam dan Alam Bina
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Mohd Asharuddin, Syazwani Coagulation and flocculation process using cassava peel starch modified with lemongrass extract for pollutants removal in raw water
description	Sustainable and greener solution for water treatment problems is the persistent need in the current days. The present research synthesized a novel dual function coagulant using cassava peel starch with incorporation of lemongrass extract and evaluated the synergistic effect between alum and modified cassava peel starch (MCPS) or native cassava peel starch (CPS) as dual coagulants in removing turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in raw water. The effects of pH, coagulant dosage and settling time on coagulation and flocculation performance of the coagulants were also determined. The coagulation and flocculation mechanisms were examined through floc characterization and electrokinetic analyses. Characterization study of coagulants confirmed the efficacy of modification technique as described by significant changes in pores formation, texture roughness and appearance of new element including Cl and Ca on the surface of the modified starch. The presence of citral, an important active group in lemongrass extract which responsible for antimicrobial property was also found in the modified starch. Coagulation and flocculation study indicated alum – MCPS and alum – CPS presented distinctive performance compared to alum, CPS and MCPS as sole coagulants of in terms of both coagulation and antibacterial functionality. Substantial removals of turbidity (93.15%), TSS (92.00%) and E. coli (100.00%) were achieved with treatment alum – MCPS within 10 minutes of settling time at effective alum – MCPS dosage of 4.50 – 70.00 mg/L and pH 7. Alum individually prevails over other coagulants in reducing COD (34.06%). Mechanism study indicated that charge neutralization is the main mechanism driving the coagulation process associated with alum. While bridging, ion exchange and complexation mechanism dominated the coagulation process associated with the starches. The favorable dual functionality of the coagulants provides a greener alternative in the effort to reduce the dosage of chemical coagulants and disinfectants, which in turn gives an impact on significant attenuation in the secondary pollution risk of chemical coagulants and disinfectant by-products.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Mohd Asharuddin, Syazwani
author_facet	Mohd Asharuddin, Syazwani
author_sort	Mohd Asharuddin, Syazwani
title	Coagulation and flocculation process using cassava peel starch modified with lemongrass extract for pollutants removal in raw water
title_short	Coagulation and flocculation process using cassava peel starch modified with lemongrass extract for pollutants removal in raw water
title_full	Coagulation and flocculation process using cassava peel starch modified with lemongrass extract for pollutants removal in raw water
title_fullStr	Coagulation and flocculation process using cassava peel starch modified with lemongrass extract for pollutants removal in raw water
title_full_unstemmed	Coagulation and flocculation process using cassava peel starch modified with lemongrass extract for pollutants removal in raw water
title_sort	coagulation and flocculation process using cassava peel starch modified with lemongrass extract for pollutants removal in raw water
granting_institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
granting_department	Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam dan Alam Bina
publishDate	2020
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/37/1/24p%20SYAZWANI%20MOHD%20ASHARUDDIN.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/37/2/SYAZWANI%20MOHD%20ASHARUDDIN%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/37/3/SYAZWANI%20MOHD%20ASHARUDDIN%20WATERMARK.pdf
_version_	1747830513047961600

Coagulation and flocculation process using cassava peel starch modified with lemongrass extract for pollutants removal in raw water

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