Characterisation of ionospheric TEC variations over the equatorial and polar regions during solar cycle 24

The TEC variations in the equatorial and polar region are known to be high compared to the mid latitude region. Investigation on ionospheric TEC at individual regions has been carried out by many studies but the investigation between these regions simultaneously is still lacking. TEC values from Lib...

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Main Author:	Mohd Hamzah, Siti Zainab
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	QC851-999 Meteorology Climatology Including the earth's atmosphere
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/450/1/24p%20SITI%20ZAINAB%20MOHD%20HAMZAH.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/450/2/SITI%20ZAINAB%20MOHD%20HAMZAH%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/450/3/SITI%20ZAINAB%20MOHD%20HAMZAH%20WATERMARK.pdf
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spelling	my-uthm-ep.4502021-07-25T06:33:05Z Characterisation of ionospheric TEC variations over the equatorial and polar regions during solar cycle 24 2018-09 Mohd Hamzah, Siti Zainab QC851-999 Meteorology. Climatology. Including the earth's atmosphere The TEC variations in the equatorial and polar region are known to be high compared to the mid latitude region. Investigation on ionospheric TEC at individual regions has been carried out by many studies but the investigation between these regions simultaneously is still lacking. TEC values from Libreville (NKLG), Gabon (0.4162°N, 9.4673°E), and Ny-Alesund (NYA1), Norway (78.9235°N, 11.9099°E), each representing equatorial and polar station, respectively, are obtained for the year 2009, 2011, and 2013 to observe their TEC behaviors. The diurnal and seasonal variations of TEC and geomagnetic effects on TEC variations are analyzed for both stations. Besides, the rate of TEC change, K, is obtained to relate the TEC variations between these locations simultaneously. The pseudo-TEC measurement measured by dual frequency GPS which can be obtained from IGS server, is used to calculate vertical TEC. The ranges of maximum diurnal TEC at NKLG and NYA1 station is 23-114 TECU and 8-55 TECU, respectively. The seasonal TEC peak at both stations encountered the highest TEC at equinoctial months and the lowest value at solstitial months. However, in 2009, the seasonal TEC showed the highest and lowest TEC peak, both at equinoctial months at NYA1 station. During geomagnetic days, the enhancement percentages of TEC are found on 22 July 2009 and 17 March 2013 at NKLG station, and 22 July 2009 and 25 October 2011 at NYA1 station. The decrement percentage of TEC observed on 25 October 2011 and 17 March 2013 at NKLG and NYA1 station, respectively. The rate of TEC change shows a same definite pattern over all the years. It can be concluded that the hourly maximum TEC values at NKLG station fell within 0.4-1.9 times larger than that NYA1 station. This study helps to have more understanding of the unique characteristics at the equatorial and polar ionosphere. 2018-09 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/450/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/450/1/24p%20SITI%20ZAINAB%20MOHD%20HAMZAH.pdf text en public http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/450/2/SITI%20ZAINAB%20MOHD%20HAMZAH%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf text en staffonly http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/450/3/SITI%20ZAINAB%20MOHD%20HAMZAH%20WATERMARK.pdf text en validuser mphil masters Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	QC851-999 Meteorology Climatology Including the earth's atmosphere
spellingShingle	QC851-999 Meteorology Climatology Including the earth's atmosphere Mohd Hamzah, Siti Zainab Characterisation of ionospheric TEC variations over the equatorial and polar regions during solar cycle 24
description	The TEC variations in the equatorial and polar region are known to be high compared to the mid latitude region. Investigation on ionospheric TEC at individual regions has been carried out by many studies but the investigation between these regions simultaneously is still lacking. TEC values from Libreville (NKLG), Gabon (0.4162°N, 9.4673°E), and Ny-Alesund (NYA1), Norway (78.9235°N, 11.9099°E), each representing equatorial and polar station, respectively, are obtained for the year 2009, 2011, and 2013 to observe their TEC behaviors. The diurnal and seasonal variations of TEC and geomagnetic effects on TEC variations are analyzed for both stations. Besides, the rate of TEC change, K, is obtained to relate the TEC variations between these locations simultaneously. The pseudo-TEC measurement measured by dual frequency GPS which can be obtained from IGS server, is used to calculate vertical TEC. The ranges of maximum diurnal TEC at NKLG and NYA1 station is 23-114 TECU and 8-55 TECU, respectively. The seasonal TEC peak at both stations encountered the highest TEC at equinoctial months and the lowest value at solstitial months. However, in 2009, the seasonal TEC showed the highest and lowest TEC peak, both at equinoctial months at NYA1 station. During geomagnetic days, the enhancement percentages of TEC are found on 22 July 2009 and 17 March 2013 at NKLG station, and 22 July 2009 and 25 October 2011 at NYA1 station. The decrement percentage of TEC observed on 25 October 2011 and 17 March 2013 at NKLG and NYA1 station, respectively. The rate of TEC change shows a same definite pattern over all the years. It can be concluded that the hourly maximum TEC values at NKLG station fell within 0.4-1.9 times larger than that NYA1 station. This study helps to have more understanding of the unique characteristics at the equatorial and polar ionosphere.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohd Hamzah, Siti Zainab
author_facet	Mohd Hamzah, Siti Zainab
author_sort	Mohd Hamzah, Siti Zainab
title	Characterisation of ionospheric TEC variations over the equatorial and polar regions during solar cycle 24
title_short	Characterisation of ionospheric TEC variations over the equatorial and polar regions during solar cycle 24
title_full	Characterisation of ionospheric TEC variations over the equatorial and polar regions during solar cycle 24
title_fullStr	Characterisation of ionospheric TEC variations over the equatorial and polar regions during solar cycle 24
title_full_unstemmed	Characterisation of ionospheric TEC variations over the equatorial and polar regions during solar cycle 24
title_sort	characterisation of ionospheric tec variations over the equatorial and polar regions during solar cycle 24
granting_institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/450/1/24p%20SITI%20ZAINAB%20MOHD%20HAMZAH.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/450/2/SITI%20ZAINAB%20MOHD%20HAMZAH%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/450/3/SITI%20ZAINAB%20MOHD%20HAMZAH%20WATERMARK.pdf
_version_	1747830613091549184

Characterisation of ionospheric TEC variations over the equatorial and polar regions during solar cycle 24

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