Microemulsions containing centella asiatica extract as antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase agent

The treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has gained much attention due to the current and predicted prevalence of the disease. Centella asiatica hydroalcoholic extract (CAHE), lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) presenting antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitio...

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Main Author:	Ghazali, Muhammad Ihsan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	TP155-156 Chemical engineering
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/592/1/24p%20MUHAMMAD%20IHSAN%20GHAZALI.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/592/2/MUHAMMAD%20IHSAN%20GHAZALI%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/592/3/MUHAMMAD%20IHSAN%20GHAZALI%20WATERMARK.pdf
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spelling	my-uthm-ep.5922021-08-05T04:10:31Z Microemulsions containing centella asiatica extract as antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase agent 2019-09 Ghazali, Muhammad Ihsan TP155-156 Chemical engineering The treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has gained much attention due to the current and predicted prevalence of the disease. Centella asiatica hydroalcoholic extract (CAHE), lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) presenting antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity derived from natural products to enhanced memory of AD patients. In the present study, the ternary phase behaviour diagrams were constructed based on microemulsion (ME) containing CAHE with varying ratios of LGEO or VCO, and non-ionic surfactant, Tween 20 (T20) or Tween 80 (T80). The formulated MEs were characterized for the identification of functional groups by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal behaviour by differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), and morphology and particle size by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The ME formulations were also tested for antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, in-vitro drug release, and cytotoxicity assay. Four ternary phase diagrams were successfully constructed and based on each ternary diagram, four transparent MEs were selected. The results of this study show that the particles of MEs were spherical in shape with an average particle size range of 0.1 – 0.2 μm. Thermodynamic and long-term storage stability tests conducted at room temperature showed that all the ME formulations had good stability without any phase separation. All the ME formulations revealed good antioxidant and anti-AChE activities. F1 (Tween 20/LGEO:CAHE) showed the highest antioxidant activities of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP is 79.3 %, 93 %, and 1.234 mmol Fe2+ E/L, respectively, and for anti-AChE activity is 43.23%. Moreover, 60% of F1 was released within 24 h across the semi-permeable membrane dialysis bag. Additionally, the brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) showed a mortality 10%. In conclusion, this study shows that F1 has good antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities which can play a promising role as potential antioxidant and anti-AChE therapeutic agent. 2019-09 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/592/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/592/1/24p%20MUHAMMAD%20IHSAN%20GHAZALI.pdf text en public http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/592/2/MUHAMMAD%20IHSAN%20GHAZALI%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf text en staffonly http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/592/3/MUHAMMAD%20IHSAN%20GHAZALI%20WATERMARK.pdf text en validuser mphil masters Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Fakulti Sains Gunaan dan Teknologi
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	TP155-156 Chemical engineering
spellingShingle	TP155-156 Chemical engineering Ghazali, Muhammad Ihsan Microemulsions containing centella asiatica extract as antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase agent
description	The treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has gained much attention due to the current and predicted prevalence of the disease. Centella asiatica hydroalcoholic extract (CAHE), lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) presenting antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity derived from natural products to enhanced memory of AD patients. In the present study, the ternary phase behaviour diagrams were constructed based on microemulsion (ME) containing CAHE with varying ratios of LGEO or VCO, and non-ionic surfactant, Tween 20 (T20) or Tween 80 (T80). The formulated MEs were characterized for the identification of functional groups by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal behaviour by differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), and morphology and particle size by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The ME formulations were also tested for antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, in-vitro drug release, and cytotoxicity assay. Four ternary phase diagrams were successfully constructed and based on each ternary diagram, four transparent MEs were selected. The results of this study show that the particles of MEs were spherical in shape with an average particle size range of 0.1 – 0.2 μm. Thermodynamic and long-term storage stability tests conducted at room temperature showed that all the ME formulations had good stability without any phase separation. All the ME formulations revealed good antioxidant and anti-AChE activities. F1 (Tween 20/LGEO:CAHE) showed the highest antioxidant activities of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP is 79.3 %, 93 %, and 1.234 mmol Fe2+ E/L, respectively, and for anti-AChE activity is 43.23%. Moreover, 60% of F1 was released within 24 h across the semi-permeable membrane dialysis bag. Additionally, the brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) showed a mortality 10%. In conclusion, this study shows that F1 has good antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities which can play a promising role as potential antioxidant and anti-AChE therapeutic agent.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Ghazali, Muhammad Ihsan
author_facet	Ghazali, Muhammad Ihsan
author_sort	Ghazali, Muhammad Ihsan
title	Microemulsions containing centella asiatica extract as antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase agent
title_short	Microemulsions containing centella asiatica extract as antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase agent
title_full	Microemulsions containing centella asiatica extract as antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase agent
title_fullStr	Microemulsions containing centella asiatica extract as antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase agent
title_full_unstemmed	Microemulsions containing centella asiatica extract as antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase agent
title_sort	microemulsions containing centella asiatica extract as antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase agent
granting_institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
granting_department	Fakulti Sains Gunaan dan Teknologi
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/592/1/24p%20MUHAMMAD%20IHSAN%20GHAZALI.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/592/2/MUHAMMAD%20IHSAN%20GHAZALI%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/592/3/MUHAMMAD%20IHSAN%20GHAZALI%20WATERMARK.pdf
_version_	1747830643673268224

Microemulsions containing centella asiatica extract as antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase agent

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