Comparative sustainibilty evaluation on regenerated industrial nickel-cadmium battery based on life-cycle assessment method
Nowadays, rapid growth of used rechargeable batteries such as Nickel-Cadmium (Ni�Cd) battery in industries has its own prominent role in certain niche applications. Examples of such applications are in emergency backup, telecommunications and electrical vehicles (EV). Therefore, the evaluation on...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English English |
| Published: |
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8274/1/24p%20MARILYN%20PAYA%20MARTIN.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8274/2/MARILYN%20PAYA%20MARTIN%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8274/3/MARILYN%20PAYA%20MARTIN%20WATERMARK.pdf |
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| Summary: | Nowadays, rapid growth of used rechargeable batteries such as Nickel-Cadmium (Ni�Cd) battery in industries has its own prominent role in certain niche applications.
Examples of such applications are in emergency backup, telecommunications and
electrical vehicles (EV). Therefore, the evaluation on the performance characteristics
of Ni-Cd battery using regeneration method is discussed in this study. Meanwhile, the
evaluation on the battery waste management using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
method and Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) method on Ni-Cd battery for
environmental impact analysis is presented in this study. Principally, the performance
of the Ni-Cd battery deteriorates with time due to the process of charging and
discharging during the usage of the Ni-Cd battery where crystalline formed on the
surface of the battery plate. Hence, high current pulses technique is selected as battery
regeneration process (de-crystallization) to break the formed crystalline to recover
back the capacity loss and enhanced the performance of Ni-Cd battery. The results
show that, the capacity of the Ni-Cd battery increased up to 22% of its capacity after
the de-crystallization take place by injecting high current pulses. For Ni-Cd battery
waste management, recycling method and battery regeneration method are selected as
ways to dispose Ni-Cd battery waste. Therefore, the impact of the selected method for
used Ni-Cd battery waste disposal in terms of percentage carbon footprint and cost
involved using LCA and LCCA method respectively is evaluated by using SimaPro
software. The selected system boundary for the study is gate to gate. Based on the
obtained results, it is shown that battery regeneration method is more environmental
friendly and economic which produce 24% of carbon footprint and can save up to 87%
of process cost and environmental cost than recycle method. Lastly, this study also
presented a proposal on the management of the battery waste in order to improve the
current way of the battery disposal management and guidance for future works. |
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