Double-layered metamaterial-based resonator operating at millimetre wave for detection of dengue virus

The interest in microwave technology for biological applications using metamaterial as sensing element is increasing due to strong electric field compared to traditional microwave sensors. The operation at millimetre-wave frequencies further enhances the field intensity leading to increased sensitiv...

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Main Author:	Qureshi, Suhail Asghar
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8353/2/24p%20SUHAIL%20ASGHAR%20QURESHI.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8353/1/SUHAIL%20ASGHAR%20QURESHI%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8353/3/SUHAIL%20ASGHAR%20QURESHI%20WATERMARK.pdf
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spelling	my-uthm-ep.83532023-02-20T07:26:07Z Double-layered metamaterial-based resonator operating at millimetre wave for detection of dengue virus 2022-01 Qureshi, Suhail Asghar TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) The interest in microwave technology for biological applications using metamaterial as sensing element is increasing due to strong electric field compared to traditional microwave sensors. The operation at millimetre-wave frequencies further enhances the field intensity leading to increased sensitivity, which can be used in the detection of the dengue virus and it can be vital in controlling the disease. The millimetre-wave metamaterial-based resonators are presented in this thesis to characterise blood’s dielectric properties in the case of the dengue virus. The correlation coefficient, t-test, and cross-correlation were applied on S11 phase responses. During measurements, tap water was used instead of blood, and methylated alcohol was added to the water to lower its permittivity, mimicking the dielectric response of infected blood. First, a single-layered design with an engraved space to hold blood samples is presented as a proof of concept for blood-sensing and the application of statistical models. This sensor showed a resonance shift of 0.22 GHz due to an 8 unit decrease in blood’s permittivity. In contrast, three (3) designs of two-layered sensors are proposed with replaceable sensing layers suitable for repeated measurements. Double-layered Sensor 1 showed resonance at 36.28 GHz for normal blood. The perturbation observed was 0.88 GHz when the blood’s permittivity was reduced by 8 units. Sensor 2 showed a resonance shift from 27.22 GHz to 29.82 GHz with the 8 unit change in blood’s permittivity. Sensor 3 showed a lesser resonance shift, which is 0.44 GHz. However, the double-layered Sensor 3 has the edge over other designs in terms of its performance in all statistical methods. In double-layered sensors, the replaceable sensing layer provides quick and accurate results. As a result, the sensors presented here can detect the dengue virus using a simple finger-prick blood extraction method. 2022-01 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8353/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8353/2/24p%20SUHAIL%20ASGHAR%20QURESHI.pdf text en public http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8353/1/SUHAIL%20ASGHAR%20QURESHI%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf text en staffonly http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8353/3/SUHAIL%20ASGHAR%20QURESHI%20WATERMARK.pdf text en validuser mphil masters Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) Qureshi, Suhail Asghar Double-layered metamaterial-based resonator operating at millimetre wave for detection of dengue virus
description	The interest in microwave technology for biological applications using metamaterial as sensing element is increasing due to strong electric field compared to traditional microwave sensors. The operation at millimetre-wave frequencies further enhances the field intensity leading to increased sensitivity, which can be used in the detection of the dengue virus and it can be vital in controlling the disease. The millimetre-wave metamaterial-based resonators are presented in this thesis to characterise blood’s dielectric properties in the case of the dengue virus. The correlation coefficient, t-test, and cross-correlation were applied on S11 phase responses. During measurements, tap water was used instead of blood, and methylated alcohol was added to the water to lower its permittivity, mimicking the dielectric response of infected blood. First, a single-layered design with an engraved space to hold blood samples is presented as a proof of concept for blood-sensing and the application of statistical models. This sensor showed a resonance shift of 0.22 GHz due to an 8 unit decrease in blood’s permittivity. In contrast, three (3) designs of two-layered sensors are proposed with replaceable sensing layers suitable for repeated measurements. Double-layered Sensor 1 showed resonance at 36.28 GHz for normal blood. The perturbation observed was 0.88 GHz when the blood’s permittivity was reduced by 8 units. Sensor 2 showed a resonance shift from 27.22 GHz to 29.82 GHz with the 8 unit change in blood’s permittivity. Sensor 3 showed a lesser resonance shift, which is 0.44 GHz. However, the double-layered Sensor 3 has the edge over other designs in terms of its performance in all statistical methods. In double-layered sensors, the replaceable sensing layer provides quick and accurate results. As a result, the sensors presented here can detect the dengue virus using a simple finger-prick blood extraction method.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Qureshi, Suhail Asghar
author_facet	Qureshi, Suhail Asghar
author_sort	Qureshi, Suhail Asghar
title	Double-layered metamaterial-based resonator operating at millimetre wave for detection of dengue virus
title_short	Double-layered metamaterial-based resonator operating at millimetre wave for detection of dengue virus
title_full	Double-layered metamaterial-based resonator operating at millimetre wave for detection of dengue virus
title_fullStr	Double-layered metamaterial-based resonator operating at millimetre wave for detection of dengue virus
title_full_unstemmed	Double-layered metamaterial-based resonator operating at millimetre wave for detection of dengue virus
title_sort	double-layered metamaterial-based resonator operating at millimetre wave for detection of dengue virus
granting_institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
granting_department	Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik
publishDate	2022
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8353/2/24p%20SUHAIL%20ASGHAR%20QURESHI.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8353/1/SUHAIL%20ASGHAR%20QURESHI%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8353/3/SUHAIL%20ASGHAR%20QURESHI%20WATERMARK.pdf
_version_	1776103326892425216

Double-layered metamaterial-based resonator operating at millimetre wave for detection of dengue virus

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