Optimization of gadolinium-doped zinc oxide films for diluted magnetic semiconductor and its effects on organic solar cell performance

Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (DMS) are being actively studied as a major step towards the realization of spintronic devices. However, to obtain the DMS with ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature is the main obstacle in the fabrication of spintronic devices. This obstacle has prompted signif...

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Main Author:	Che Ani, Noorhidayah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	TK7800-8360 Electronics
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/843/1/24p%20NORHIDAYAH%20CHE%20ANI.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/843/2/NORHIDAYAH%20CHE%20ANI%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/843/3/NORHIDAYAH%20CHE%20ANI%20WATERMARK.pdf
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spelling	my-uthm-ep.8432021-09-06T04:22:02Z Optimization of gadolinium-doped zinc oxide films for diluted magnetic semiconductor and its effects on organic solar cell performance 2017-09 Che Ani, Noorhidayah TK7800-8360 Electronics Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (DMS) are being actively studied as a major step towards the realization of spintronic devices. However, to obtain the DMS with ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature is the main obstacle in the fabrication of spintronic devices. This obstacle has prompted significant research efforts aimed at exploring new DMS. In this research, Gadolinium (Gd) was doped with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) to explore the feasibility of making new DMS. The Gd-doped ZnO (Zn1-xGdxO) was synthesized using the sol-gel spin coating technique. Parameters, such as the type of solvent, annealing environment and Gd contents, were varied in order to optimize the structural and magnetic properties. The optimum properties were obtained from a prepared solution using ethanol solvents, annealed in an Ar-environment with 8 % Gd contents. The structural, surface topology, optical, electrical and magnetic properties of the film were studied in detail. Structural studies revealed that the film had a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Surface topologies showed that the film had a smooth and uniform surface. In addition, the film was also highly transparent within visible range with optical transmittance of approximately ~ 90 %. The electrical analysis revealed that the resistivity and carrier concentration was about 3.17 x 10-3  cm and 8.27 x 1014 cm-3, respectively. The magnetic studies showed that the film was ferromagnetic at room temperature with a magnetization of 0.0423 emu/g. The effect of ferromagnetic Gd-doped ZnO film on device performance was demonstrated by fabricating the Spin-Polarized Organic Solar Cell (Spin-OSC). It was found that the ferromagnetic Zn0.92Gd0.08O film contributed immensely to the performance of OSC. The result showed that the efficiency of Spin-OSC (0.16 %) was higher than conventional-OSC (0.04 %). Thus, this proved the possibility of spintronics in optoelectronic applications, especially in solar cells. 2017-09 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/843/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/843/1/24p%20NORHIDAYAH%20CHE%20ANI.pdf text en public http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/843/2/NORHIDAYAH%20CHE%20ANI%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf text en staffonly http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/843/3/NORHIDAYAH%20CHE%20ANI%20WATERMARK.pdf text en validuser mphil masters Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	TK7800-8360 Electronics
spellingShingle	TK7800-8360 Electronics Che Ani, Noorhidayah Optimization of gadolinium-doped zinc oxide films for diluted magnetic semiconductor and its effects on organic solar cell performance
description	Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (DMS) are being actively studied as a major step towards the realization of spintronic devices. However, to obtain the DMS with ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature is the main obstacle in the fabrication of spintronic devices. This obstacle has prompted significant research efforts aimed at exploring new DMS. In this research, Gadolinium (Gd) was doped with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) to explore the feasibility of making new DMS. The Gd-doped ZnO (Zn1-xGdxO) was synthesized using the sol-gel spin coating technique. Parameters, such as the type of solvent, annealing environment and Gd contents, were varied in order to optimize the structural and magnetic properties. The optimum properties were obtained from a prepared solution using ethanol solvents, annealed in an Ar-environment with 8 % Gd contents. The structural, surface topology, optical, electrical and magnetic properties of the film were studied in detail. Structural studies revealed that the film had a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Surface topologies showed that the film had a smooth and uniform surface. In addition, the film was also highly transparent within visible range with optical transmittance of approximately ~ 90 %. The electrical analysis revealed that the resistivity and carrier concentration was about 3.17 x 10-3  cm and 8.27 x 1014 cm-3, respectively. The magnetic studies showed that the film was ferromagnetic at room temperature with a magnetization of 0.0423 emu/g. The effect of ferromagnetic Gd-doped ZnO film on device performance was demonstrated by fabricating the Spin-Polarized Organic Solar Cell (Spin-OSC). It was found that the ferromagnetic Zn0.92Gd0.08O film contributed immensely to the performance of OSC. The result showed that the efficiency of Spin-OSC (0.16 %) was higher than conventional-OSC (0.04 %). Thus, this proved the possibility of spintronics in optoelectronic applications, especially in solar cells.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Che Ani, Noorhidayah
author_facet	Che Ani, Noorhidayah
author_sort	Che Ani, Noorhidayah
title	Optimization of gadolinium-doped zinc oxide films for diluted magnetic semiconductor and its effects on organic solar cell performance
title_short	Optimization of gadolinium-doped zinc oxide films for diluted magnetic semiconductor and its effects on organic solar cell performance
title_full	Optimization of gadolinium-doped zinc oxide films for diluted magnetic semiconductor and its effects on organic solar cell performance
title_fullStr	Optimization of gadolinium-doped zinc oxide films for diluted magnetic semiconductor and its effects on organic solar cell performance
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization of gadolinium-doped zinc oxide films for diluted magnetic semiconductor and its effects on organic solar cell performance
title_sort	optimization of gadolinium-doped zinc oxide films for diluted magnetic semiconductor and its effects on organic solar cell performance
granting_institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
granting_department	Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik
publishDate	2017
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/843/1/24p%20NORHIDAYAH%20CHE%20ANI.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/843/2/NORHIDAYAH%20CHE%20ANI%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/843/3/NORHIDAYAH%20CHE%20ANI%20WATERMARK.pdf
_version_	1747830691997941760

Optimization of gadolinium-doped zinc oxide films for diluted magnetic semiconductor and its effects on organic solar cell performance

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