Car wash wastewater treatment using kapok fiber as adsorbent

Generally, cars have been used as main mean of transportation that requires cleaning regularly and will generate the car wash wastewater (CWW). In Malaysia, the CWW is released to the public drain without any treatment and threatened the aquatic livings as it consists of mainly oil and grease (O&...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Ibrahim, Muhammad Shahrul Shafendy
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	TA168 Systems engineering
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8448/1/24p%20MUHAMMAD%20SHAHRUL%20SHAFENDY%20IBRAHIM.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8448/2/MUHAMMAD%20SHAHRUL%20SHAFENDY%20IBRAHIM%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8448/3/MUHAMMAD%20SHAHRUL%20SHAFENDY%20IBRAHIM%20WATERMARK.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-uthm-ep.8448
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uthm-ep.84482023-02-27T00:58:56Z Car wash wastewater treatment using kapok fiber as adsorbent 2022-07 Ibrahim, Muhammad Shahrul Shafendy TA168 Systems engineering Generally, cars have been used as main mean of transportation that requires cleaning regularly and will generate the car wash wastewater (CWW). In Malaysia, the CWW is released to the public drain without any treatment and threatened the aquatic livings as it consists of mainly oil and grease (O&G) and anionic surfactant (AS) that contributes to chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations and did not comply with Malaysia’s standard discharge limit (industrial effluent). This study proposes an efficient and easily-operated approach to treat the CWW using kapok fibre (KF). The KF has been reported to have high affinity with oils where its lumen structures and lignin layers were reported to be responsible for its efficiency. In order to confirm the importance of lumen structure and lignin, delignification on the KF was done using sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and chloroform. After delignification, the structures of modified- KF (MKF) were found to be crumpled. Moreover, the raw KF (RKF) and MKFs were then used to treat the synthetic CWW to remove the COD, O&G and AS in a batch-scale study. Overall, the RKF performed the best with removal of COD, O&G and AS at 80.8, 100.0 and 24.4 % respectively at the optimum operating pH of 9, the dosage of 1.0 g and a contact time of 30 minutes. Based on the isotherm studies, the adsorption of the COD, O&G and AS onto RKF and MKF were found to lean towards physisorption and chemisorption respectively with the formation of monolayer on the surface. As RKF was more efficient in the batch-scale study, it was then used for the column study to treat real CWW and the removals of COD, O&G and AS were found to comply with the standards. The breakthrough studies of the RKF column indicates the adsorptions are dependent on the influent concentration. Moreover, the reusability of the RKF column was experimented and resulted in excellent performance up to 3 cycles. Overall, the RKF was found to be able to treat CWW efficiently up to 88 %, 100 % and 83 % removals of COD, O&G and AS respectively, thus demonstrating promising potential for real scale application. 2022-07 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8448/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8448/1/24p%20MUHAMMAD%20SHAHRUL%20SHAFENDY%20IBRAHIM.pdf text en public http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8448/2/MUHAMMAD%20SHAHRUL%20SHAFENDY%20IBRAHIM%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf text en staffonly http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8448/3/MUHAMMAD%20SHAHRUL%20SHAFENDY%20IBRAHIM%20WATERMARK.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	TA168 Systems engineering
spellingShingle	TA168 Systems engineering Ibrahim, Muhammad Shahrul Shafendy Car wash wastewater treatment using kapok fiber as adsorbent
description	Generally, cars have been used as main mean of transportation that requires cleaning regularly and will generate the car wash wastewater (CWW). In Malaysia, the CWW is released to the public drain without any treatment and threatened the aquatic livings as it consists of mainly oil and grease (O&G) and anionic surfactant (AS) that contributes to chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations and did not comply with Malaysia’s standard discharge limit (industrial effluent). This study proposes an efficient and easily-operated approach to treat the CWW using kapok fibre (KF). The KF has been reported to have high affinity with oils where its lumen structures and lignin layers were reported to be responsible for its efficiency. In order to confirm the importance of lumen structure and lignin, delignification on the KF was done using sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and chloroform. After delignification, the structures of modified- KF (MKF) were found to be crumpled. Moreover, the raw KF (RKF) and MKFs were then used to treat the synthetic CWW to remove the COD, O&G and AS in a batch-scale study. Overall, the RKF performed the best with removal of COD, O&G and AS at 80.8, 100.0 and 24.4 % respectively at the optimum operating pH of 9, the dosage of 1.0 g and a contact time of 30 minutes. Based on the isotherm studies, the adsorption of the COD, O&G and AS onto RKF and MKF were found to lean towards physisorption and chemisorption respectively with the formation of monolayer on the surface. As RKF was more efficient in the batch-scale study, it was then used for the column study to treat real CWW and the removals of COD, O&G and AS were found to comply with the standards. The breakthrough studies of the RKF column indicates the adsorptions are dependent on the influent concentration. Moreover, the reusability of the RKF column was experimented and resulted in excellent performance up to 3 cycles. Overall, the RKF was found to be able to treat CWW efficiently up to 88 %, 100 % and 83 % removals of COD, O&G and AS respectively, thus demonstrating promising potential for real scale application.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Ibrahim, Muhammad Shahrul Shafendy
author_facet	Ibrahim, Muhammad Shahrul Shafendy
author_sort	Ibrahim, Muhammad Shahrul Shafendy
title	Car wash wastewater treatment using kapok fiber as adsorbent
title_short	Car wash wastewater treatment using kapok fiber as adsorbent
title_full	Car wash wastewater treatment using kapok fiber as adsorbent
title_fullStr	Car wash wastewater treatment using kapok fiber as adsorbent
title_full_unstemmed	Car wash wastewater treatment using kapok fiber as adsorbent
title_sort	car wash wastewater treatment using kapok fiber as adsorbent
granting_institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
granting_department	Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan
publishDate	2022
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8448/1/24p%20MUHAMMAD%20SHAHRUL%20SHAFENDY%20IBRAHIM.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8448/2/MUHAMMAD%20SHAHRUL%20SHAFENDY%20IBRAHIM%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/8448/3/MUHAMMAD%20SHAHRUL%20SHAFENDY%20IBRAHIM%20WATERMARK.pdf
_version_	1776103348217315328

Car wash wastewater treatment using kapok fiber as adsorbent

Similar Items